Update request_unbuffered policy README.md file

Author: tkan145

gateway/src/apicast/policy/request_unbuffered/README.md

@@ -1,19 +1,99 @@
 # APICast Request Unbuffered
 
-This policy allows to disable request buffering
+## Description
+
+When enable this policy will dymanically sets the [`proxy_request_buffering: off`](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_request_buffering
+) directive per service.
+
+
+## Technical details
+
+By default, NGINX reads the entire request body into memory (or buffers large requests into disk) before proxying it to the upstream server. However, reading bodies can become expensive, especially when requests with large payloads are sent.
+
+For example, when the client sends 10GB, NGINX will buffer the entire 10GB to disk before sending anything to
+the upstream server.
+
+When `proxy_request_buffering` is in the chain, request buffering will be disabled and the request body will be sent to the proxied server immediately as it received. This can help minimize time spent sending data to a service and disk I/O for requests with big body. However, there are caveats and corner cases applied, [**Caveats**](#caveats)
+
+The policy also provides a consistent behavior across multiple scenarios like:
+
+```
+- APIcast <> upstream HTTP 1.1 plain
+- APIcast <> upstream TLS
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (env var) <> upstream HTTP 1.1 plain
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (policy) <> upstream HTTP 1.1 plain
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (camel proxy) <> upstream HTTP 1.1 plain
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (env var) <> upstream TLS
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (policy) <> upstream TLS
+- APIcast <> HTTP Proxy (camel proxy) <> upstream TLS
+```
+
+## Why don't we also support disable response buffering?
+
+The response buffering is enabled by default in NGINX (the [`proxy_buffering: on`]() directive). It does
+this to shield the backend against slow clients ([slowloris attack](https://www.cloudflare.com/en-au/learning/ddos/ddos-attack-tools/slowloris/)).
+
+If the `proxy_buffering` is disabled, the upstream server will be forced to keep the connection open until all data has been received by the client. Thereforce, NGINX [advises](https://www.nginx.com/blog/avoiding-top-10-nginx-configuration-mistakes/#proxy_buffering-off) against disabling `proxy_buffering` as it will potentially waste upstream server resources.
 
 ## Example configuration
 
 ```
-{
-    "name": "request_unbuffered",
-    "version": "builtin",
-    "configuration": {}
-}
+"policy_chain": [
+    {
+        "name": "request_unbuffered",
+        "version": "builtin",
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "apicast.policy.apicast"
+    }
+]
+```
+
+Use with Proxy policy
+
+```
+"policy_chain": [
+    {
+        "name": "request_unbuffered",
+        "version": "builtin",
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "apicast.policy.http_proxy",
+      "configuration": {
+          "all_proxy": "http://foo:[email protected]:8888/",
+          "https_proxy": "http://192.168.15.103:8888/",
+          "http_proxy": "http://192.168.15.103:8888/"
+      }
+    }
+]
+```
+
+Use with Camel Proxy policy
+
+```
+"policy_chain": [
+    {
+        "name": "request_unbuffered",
+        "version": "builtin",
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "apicast.policy.camel",
+      "configuration": {
+          "http_proxy": "http://192.168.15.103:8080/",
+          "https_proxy": "http://192.168.15.103:8443/",
+          "all_proxy": "http://192.168.15.103:8080/"
+      }
+    }
+]
 ```
 
 ## Caveats
 
-- Because APIcast allows defining mapping rules based on request content, POST requests with
-  `Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded` will always be buffered regardless of the
+- Because APIcast allows defining mapping rules based on request content, ie `POST /some_path?a_param={a_value}`
+  will match a request like `POST "http://apicast_host:8080/some_path"` with a form URL-encoded body like: `a_param=abc`
+  , requests with `Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded` will always be buffered regardless of the
   `request_unbuffered` policy is enabled or not.
+- For a request with "small" body that fits into [`client_body_buffer_size`](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#client_body_buffer_size) and with header "Transfer-Encoding: chunked", NGINX will always read and know the length of the body.
+  Then it will send the request to upstream with the "Content-Length" header.
+- If a client uses chunked transfer encoding with HTTP/1.0, NGINX will always buffer the request body
+- Disable request buffering could potentially expose the backend to [slowloris attack](https://www.cloudflare.com/en-au/learning/ddos/ddos-attack-tools/slowloris/). Therefore, we recommend to only use this policy when needed.