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Z80ATmega128 Board Setup Guide

The procedure for setting up the firmware on the Z80Atmega128 Board and booting CP/M2.2 is shown below.

Component Mounting Diagram

No.
(1) DC Jack +5V external power supply (for AC adapter)
(2) DC Terminal +5V external power supply terminal
(3) DC Select Jumper pin for selecting (1)/(2)
(4) POWER SW Power SW
(5) POWER LED Power LED indicator
(6) RESET System reset
(7) DIP SW Detail
(8) Disable Z80 Jumper Pin for Z80 force suspend
/BUSREQ=L
(9) /HALT BUSACK LED Z80/HALT=L,/BUSACK=H
(10) LED 1 / 2 / 3 Detail
(11) UART1 for Z80 USB-C Serial Interface for Z80
(12) UART0 for AVR USB-C Serial Interface for AVR
(13) microSD Card slot microSD card slot
(14) SD Access LED microSD card access LED indicator
(15) AVRISP Connector AVRISPmkII connector

Power supply

  • A current supply capacity of at least 300mA is necessary.
  • Do not exceed 5.5V; there is no overvoltage protection circuit.
  • Power can be provided through the DC Jack, External Power Terminal, or the USB-C for UART.

DIP SW

# Function ON OFF
1 CP/M mode Enable Disable
2 UART baud rate 19200 9600
3 SD Write Protect ReadOnly Writable
4 SRAM Wait 1 wait 2 wait
  • SW1: If turned ON, CP/M will start automatically upon powering up, provided the BIOS has been written to the AVR EEPROM.
  • SW2: Select baud rate to match the connected terminal.
  • SW4: Tuen ON if SRAM(HM62256) access time is faster than 100ns.

LED

# Color Status
1 Blue microSD is not inserted / mount failure
2 Yellow microSD is Write Protected
3 Red AVR heartbeat (blinking at 2 Hz)

Notes

  • PCB Rev1.00 has a bug in the wiring and needs to be fixed.
  • PCB Rev2.00, The silk printing of U18 and U19 are incorrect.

1. Preparation

  • Install Microchip Studio on Windows.
    • Verified to work with version 7.0.2594.
  • Ensure the Microchip Studio is ready for use.
    • Genuine device have been discontinued, so compatible alternatives are acceptable.
    • It will be used for configuring ATmega128's FUSE settings and firmware flashing.
  • Prepare a terminal capable of serial communication (ideally, two channels).
    • Protocol: 9600 or 19200 baud, 8-bit / non-parity / 1-stop bit, asynchronous
    • Set the baud rate to match the DIP switch configuration.
    • XMODEM with 128-byte checksum transmission should be supported.
    • Terminal software example: TeraTerm (for Windows)

2. Flashing AVR Firmware

This section describes the steps to burn the firmware into the Z80ATmega128 Board and to run the monitor program.

2-1. Building AVR Firmware

  1. Start Microchip Studio on Windows.
  2. Choose File > Open > Project/Solution ... , select avr/avr.atsln.
  3. Run Build > Build Solution.
  4. Check for no error.

2-2. Flashing Firmware to ATmega128

  1. Connect the AVRISP mkII to the AVRISP connector on the Z80ATmega128 Board and power it on.
  2. Start Microchip Studio.
  3. Choose Tools > Device Programming.
  4. Set the values as follows and execute Apply:
    Setting Value
    Tool AVRISPmkII
    Device ATmega128
    Interface ISP
  5. Check Deivce signature
    Read and the check the value is 0x1E9702.
    If you get an error, select Interface setting and try changing ISP Clock lower.
  6. Configuring FUSE
    Set as follows. (For details on the settings, see here.)
  7. Flashing Firmware
    Run Program.

2-3. Functionality Test

  1. Turn OFF the DIP SW1 to disable CP/M mode.
  2. Do not insert the microSD Card into the slot.
  3. Connect the serial interface for AVR to the terminal software.
  4. Verified the prompt appears when the power is ON or the reset button is pressed. 
    ATmega128 Tiny Monitor
>
  5. Memory Test 
    >test
2000-2500
write sum=7d80
read  sum=7d80
XMEM OK!
  6. This completes the test of the Z80ATmega128 Board.

3. CP/M settings

The procedure for operating the CP/M-80 on the Z80ATmega128 Board is described below.

Due to licensing, neither the source nor the binary of the CP/M is provided in this repository. In this section, you will create a CP/M disk image using the CP/M 2.2 BINARY located at The Unofficial CP/M Web site.

3-1. Setup Build Environment

Linux is required for BIOS build and the CP/M disk image generation. WSL for Windows and VS Code + Dev Container environment for macOS are recommended.

Linux, WSL (Ubuntu22.04)

  1. apt install 
    sudo apt-get install -y wget git make unzip gcc
  2. Install Z80 cross assembler(asxxxx) 
    cd z80/toolchain
make
  3. Install cpmtools 
    sudo apt-get install -y cpmtools

VS Code + Dev Container

  • Install Docker Desktop
  • Install VS Code
  • Install Dev Containers plugin of VS Code
  • Open bash in Dev Container

3-2. Creating a CP/M Disk Image for microSD Card

  1. Generating a CP/M Disk Image (VSCode + Dev Container Environment)
    Generate DISK00.IMG with z80/cpm22/image, which is the CP/M disk image binary file. 
    vscode@Z80ATmega128:/z80/cpm22/image$ make
mkdir -p ./tmp
wget -P ./tmp http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/cpm22-b.zip
--2023-10-10 16:04:18--  http://www.cpm.z80.de/download/cpm22-b.zip
Resolving www.cpm.z80.de (www.cpm.z80.de)... 92.205.48.95, 2a00:1169:103:9b30::
Connecting to www.cpm.z80.de (www.cpm.z80.de)|92.205.48.95|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 42510 (42K) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘./tmp/cpm22-b.zip’

cpm22-b.zip                  100%[============================================>]  41.51K   124KB/s    in 0.3s    

2023-10-10 16:04:20 (124 KB/s) - ‘./tmp/cpm22-b.zip’ saved [42510/42510]

unzip -o -d ./tmp ./tmp/cpm22-b.zip
Archive:  ./tmp/cpm22-b.zip
inflating: ./tmp/CPM.SYS           
inflating: ./tmp/DDT.COM           
inflating: ./tmp/PIP.COM           
inflating: ./tmp/SUBMIT.COM        
inflating: ./tmp/XSUB.COM          
inflating: ./tmp/ED.COM            
inflating: ./tmp/ASM.COM           
inflating: ./tmp/LOAD.COM          
inflating: ./tmp/STAT.COM          
inflating: ./tmp/DUMP.COM          
inflating: ./tmp/DUMP.ASM          
inflating: ./tmp/BIOS.ASM          
inflating: ./tmp/DEBLOCK.ASM       
inflating: ./tmp/DISKDEF.LIB       
inflating: ./tmp/DSKMAINT.COM      
inflating: ./tmp/READ.ME           
rm -f ./tmp/cpm22-b.zip
mkfs.cpm -f sdcard -b ./tmp/CPM.SYS DISK00.IMG
dd if=/dev/zero of=DISK00.IMG bs=8192 count=1021 oflag=append conv=notrunc
1021+0 records in
1021+0 records out
8364032 bytes (8.4 MB, 8.0 MiB) copied, 0.139112 s, 60.1 MB/s
cpmcp -f sdcard DISK00.IMG ./tmp/*.* 0:
cpmls -f sdcard DISK00.IMG
0:
asm.com
bios.asm
cpm.sys
ddt.com
deblock.asm
diskdef.lib
dskmaint.com
dump.asm
dump.com
ed.com
load.com
pip.com
read.me
stat.com
submit.com
xsub.com
echo `wc -c < DISK00.IMG`
8429568
  2. Creating a microSD Card
    • Format the microSD card as FAT32.
    • Copy `DISK00.IMG`` to the root directory. This is a mandatory step because it is the system disk.
    • 00 corresponds to drive A:. You can specify drives up to 4(E:).
    • For instance, if you copy DISK00.IMG as DISK01.IMG, drive B: will become visible.

3-3. Configuration for automatic CP/M startup

Configure settings to enable CP/M startup from the microSD Card when power on.

  1. Build CP/M BIOS (VSCode + Dev Container environment)
    Generate bios.ihx with z80/cpm22/bios. This is an Intel HEX format file.

    vscode@Z80ATmega128:/z80/cpm22/bios$ make bios.ihx
asz80 -l -o  bios.asm

aslink -i bios.ihx bios.rel

ASlink >> -i
ASlink >> bios.ihx
ASlink >> bios.rel

  2. Flashing BIOS to EEPROM

    1. Connect the AVR serial interface to the terminal.
    2. Utilize the AVR Tiny Monitor's xload command to deploy the BIOS in Intel HEX format to SRAM. Transmit bios.ihx by the XMODEM protocol using terminal software. As the BIOS is designed for a 62K CP/M, the binaries should be loaded starting from address 0xf200. 
      >xload
Start XMODEM within 90s...

Received 2816 bytes.
    3. Transfer the downloaded BIOS image to address 0 of the ATmega128's EEPROM. This process may take some time to complete. The first 4 bytes of the EEPROM contain the BIOS's starting address (0xf200) and its length (0x00b0). 
      >esave2 0 $f200 2816
>

3-4. Functionality Test

  1. Connect the AVR and Z80 serial interfaces to the terminal.
  2. Insert a microSD card with the CP/M image file into the slot.
  3. Turn on DIP switch SW1 (CP/M start mode), turn off SW3, and press the RESET button.
  4. The AVR serial terminal will display the following prompt. The BIOS is copied from the EEPROM to SRAM, after which the BIOS reads the CCP+BDOS from the reserved track on the microSD card and initiates CP/M. 
    === CP/M mode ===
BIOS: 0xf200 - 0xfcff

ATmega128 Tiny Monitor
>
    If the following is displayed on the Z80 serial terminal, it is successful. 
    62K CP/M-80 Ver2.2 on Z80ATmega128
BIOS Copyright (C) 2023 by 46nori

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