diff --git a/backend/app/api/graph.py b/backend/app/api/graph.py
index 12ff1ba2d..5e1d9dc23 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/graph.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/graph.py
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ def get_project(project_id: str):
     if not project:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"项目不存在: {project_id}"
+            "error": f"Project not found: {project_id}"
         }), 404
-    
+
     return jsonify({
         "success": True,
         "data": project.to_dict()
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ def delete_project(project_id: str):
     if not success:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"项目不存在或删除失败: {project_id}"
+            "error": f"Project not found or deletion failed: {project_id}"
         }), 404
-    
+
     return jsonify({
         "success": True,
-        "message": f"项目已删除: {project_id}"
+        "message": f"Project deleted: {project_id}"
     })
 
 
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ def reset_project(project_id: str):
     if not project:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"项目不存在: {project_id}"
+            "error": f"Project not found: {project_id}"
         }), 404
-    
+
     # 重置到本体已生成状态
     if project.ontology:
         project.status = ProjectStatus.ONTOLOGY_GENERATED
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def reset_project(project_id: str):
     
     return jsonify({
         "success": True,
-        "message": f"项目已重置: {project_id}",
+        "message": f"Project reset: {project_id}",
         "data": project.to_dict()
     })
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def generate_ontology():
         if not simulation_requirement:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供模拟需求描述 (simulation_requirement)"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation requirement description (simulation_requirement)"
             }), 400
         
         # 获取上传的文件
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def generate_ontology():
         if not uploaded_files or all(not f.filename for f in uploaded_files):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请至少上传一个文档文件"
+                "error": "Please upload at least one document file"
             }), 400
         
         # 创建项目
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ def generate_ontology():
             ProjectManager.delete_project(project.project_id)
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "没有成功处理任何文档，请检查文件格式"
+                "error": "No documents were successfully processed, please check the file format"
             }), 400
         
         # 保存提取的文本
@@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ def build_graph():
         # 检查配置
         errors = []
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
-            errors.append("ZEP_API_KEY未配置")
+            errors.append("ZEP_API_KEY not configured")
         if errors:
             logger.error(f"配置错误: {errors}")
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "配置错误: " + "; ".join(errors)
+                "error": "Configuration error: " + "; ".join(errors)
             }), 500
         
         # 解析请求
@@ -301,15 +301,15 @@ def build_graph():
         if not project_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 project_id"
+                "error": "Please provide project_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         # 获取项目
         project = ProjectManager.get_project(project_id)
         if not project:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"项目不存在: {project_id}"
+                "error": f"Project not found: {project_id}"
             }), 404
         
         # 检查项目状态
@@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ def build_graph():
         if project.status == ProjectStatus.CREATED:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "项目尚未生成本体，请先调用 /ontology/generate"
+                "error": "Project has no ontology yet, please call /ontology/generate first"
             }), 400
         
         if project.status == ProjectStatus.GRAPH_BUILDING and not force:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "图谱正在构建中，请勿重复提交。如需强制重建，请添加 force: true",
+                "error": "Graph is already being built, do not resubmit. To force rebuild, add force: true",
                 "task_id": project.graph_build_task_id
             }), 400
         
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def build_graph():
         if not text:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "未找到提取的文本内容"
+                "error": "No extracted text content found"
             }), 400
         
         # 获取本体
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ def build_graph():
         if not ontology:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "未找到本体定义"
+                "error": "No ontology definition found"
             }), 400
         
         # 创建异步任务
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def build_task():
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id, 
                     status=TaskStatus.PROCESSING,
-                    message="初始化图谱构建服务..."
+                    message="Initializing graph build service..."
                 )
                 
                 # 创建图谱构建服务
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ def build_task():
                 # 分块
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message="文本分块中...",
+                    message="Chunking text...",
                     progress=5
                 )
                 chunks = TextProcessor.split_text(
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ def build_task():
                 # 创建图谱
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message="创建Zep图谱...",
+                    message="Creating Zep graph...",
                     progress=10
                 )
                 graph_id = builder.create_graph(name=graph_name)
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ def build_task():
                 # 设置本体
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message="设置本体定义...",
+                    message="Setting ontology definition...",
                     progress=15
                 )
                 builder.set_ontology(graph_id, ontology)
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ def add_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
                 
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message=f"开始添加 {total_chunks} 个文本块...",
+                    message=f"Starting to add {total_chunks} text chunks...",
                     progress=15
                 )
                 
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def add_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
                 # 等待Zep处理完成（查询每个episode的processed状态）
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message="等待Zep处理数据...",
+                    message="Waiting for Zep to process data...",
                     progress=55
                 )
                 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def wait_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
                 # 获取图谱数据
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
-                    message="获取图谱数据...",
+                    message="Retrieving graph data...",
                     progress=95
                 )
                 graph_data = builder.get_graph_data(graph_id)
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ def wait_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
                     status=TaskStatus.COMPLETED,
-                    message="图谱构建完成",
+                    message="Graph build complete",
                     progress=100,
                     result={
                         "project_id": project_id,
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ def wait_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
                 task_manager.update_task(
                     task_id,
                     status=TaskStatus.FAILED,
-                    message=f"构建失败: {str(e)}",
+                    message=f"Build failed: {str(e)}",
                     error=traceback.format_exc()
                 )
         
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ def wait_progress_callback(msg, progress_ratio):
             "data": {
                 "project_id": project_id,
                 "task_id": task_id,
-                "message": "图谱构建任务已启动，请通过 /task/{task_id} 查询进度"
+                "message": "Graph build task started, check progress via /task/{task_id}"
             }
         })
         
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ def get_task(task_id: str):
     if not task:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"任务不存在: {task_id}"
+            "error": f"Task not found: {task_id}"
         }), 404
     
     return jsonify({
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ def get_graph_data(graph_id: str):
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY未配置"
+                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY not configured"
             }), 500
         
         builder = GraphBuilderService(api_key=Config.ZEP_API_KEY)
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ def delete_graph(graph_id: str):
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY未配置"
+                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY not configured"
             }), 500
         
         builder = GraphBuilderService(api_key=Config.ZEP_API_KEY)
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ def delete_graph(graph_id: str):
         
         return jsonify({
             "success": True,
-            "message": f"图谱已删除: {graph_id}"
+            "message": f"Graph deleted: {graph_id}"
         })
         
     except Exception as e:
diff --git a/backend/app/api/report.py b/backend/app/api/report.py
index e05c73c39..0b8a79a38 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/report.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/report.py
@@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ def generate_report():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         force_regenerate = data.get('force_regenerate', False)
-        
+
         # 获取模拟信息
         manager = SimulationManager()
         state = manager.get_simulation(simulation_id)
-        
+
         if not state:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
         
         # 检查是否已有报告
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def generate_report():
                         "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                         "report_id": existing_report.report_id,
                         "status": "completed",
-                        "message": "报告已存在",
+                        "message": "Report already exists",
                         "already_generated": True
                     }
                 })
@@ -88,21 +88,21 @@ def generate_report():
         if not project:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"项目不存在: {state.project_id}"
+                "error": f"Project not found: {state.project_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         graph_id = state.graph_id or project.graph_id
         if not graph_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "缺少图谱ID，请确保已构建图谱"
+                "error": "Missing graph ID, please ensure graph has been built"
             }), 400
         
         simulation_requirement = project.simulation_requirement
         if not simulation_requirement:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "缺少模拟需求描述"
+                "error": "Missing simulation requirement description"
             }), 400
         
         # 提前生成 report_id，以便立即返回给前端
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def run_generate():
                     task_id,
                     status=TaskStatus.PROCESSING,
                     progress=0,
-                    message="初始化Report Agent..."
+                    message="Initializing Report Agent..."
                 )
                 
                 # 创建Report Agent
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def progress_callback(stage, progress, message):
                         }
                     )
                 else:
-                    task_manager.fail_task(task_id, report.error or "报告生成失败")
+                    task_manager.fail_task(task_id, report.error or "Report generation failed")
                 
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.error(f"报告生成失败: {str(e)}")
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def progress_callback(stage, progress, message):
                 "report_id": report_id,
                 "task_id": task_id,
                 "status": "generating",
-                "message": "报告生成任务已启动，请通过 /api/report/generate/status 查询进度",
+                "message": "Report generation task started, check progress via /api/report/generate/status",
                 "already_generated": False
             }
         })
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ def get_generate_status():
                         "report_id": existing_report.report_id,
                         "status": "completed",
                         "progress": 100,
-                        "message": "报告已生成",
+                        "message": "Report already generated",
                         "already_completed": True
                     }
                 })
@@ -242,16 +242,16 @@ def get_generate_status():
         if not task_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 task_id 或 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide task_id or simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         task_manager = TaskManager()
         task = task_manager.get_task(task_id)
-        
+
         if not task:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"任务不存在: {task_id}"
+                "error": f"Task not found: {task_id}"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ def get_report(report_id: str):
         if not report:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"报告不存在: {report_id}"
+                "error": f"Report not found: {report_id}"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ def get_report_by_simulation(simulation_id: str):
         if not report:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"该模拟暂无报告: {simulation_id}",
+                "error": f"No report for this simulation: {simulation_id}",
                 "has_report": False
             }), 404
         
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ def download_report(report_id: str):
         if not report:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"报告不存在: {report_id}"
+                "error": f"Report not found: {report_id}"
             }), 404
         
         md_path = ReportManager._get_report_markdown_path(report_id)
@@ -445,12 +445,12 @@ def delete_report(report_id: str):
         if not success:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"报告不存在: {report_id}"
+                "error": f"Report not found: {report_id}"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
             "success": True,
-            "message": f"报告已删除: {report_id}"
+            "message": f"Report deleted: {report_id}"
         })
         
     except Exception as e:
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ def chat_with_report_agent():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         if not message:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 message"
+                "error": "Please provide message"
             }), 400
         
         # 获取模拟和项目信息
@@ -517,21 +517,21 @@ def chat_with_report_agent():
         if not state:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         project = ProjectManager.get_project(state.project_id)
         if not project:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"项目不存在: {state.project_id}"
+                "error": f"Project not found: {state.project_id}"
             }), 404
         
         graph_id = state.graph_id or project.graph_id
         if not graph_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "缺少图谱ID"
+                "error": "Missing graph ID"
             }), 400
         
         simulation_requirement = project.simulation_requirement or ""
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ def get_report_progress(report_id: str):
         if not progress:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"报告不存在或进度信息不可用: {report_id}"
+                "error": f"Report not found or progress not available: {report_id}"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ def get_single_section(report_id: str, section_index: int):
         if not os.path.exists(section_path):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"章节不存在: section_{section_index:02d}.md"
+                "error": f"Section not found: section_{section_index:02d}.md"
             }), 404
         
         with open(section_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ def search_graph_tool():
         if not graph_id or not query:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 graph_id 和 query"
+                "error": "Please provide graph_id and query"
             }), 400
         
         from ..services.zep_tools import ZepToolsService
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ def get_graph_statistics_tool():
         if not graph_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 graph_id"
+                "error": "Please provide graph_id"
             }), 400
         
         from ..services.zep_tools import ZepToolsService
diff --git a/backend/app/api/simulation.py b/backend/app/api/simulation.py
index 3a0f68168..fe1ec61fe 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/simulation.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/simulation.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 # Interview prompt 优化前缀
 # 添加此前缀可以避免Agent调用工具，直接用文本回复
-INTERVIEW_PROMPT_PREFIX = "结合你的人设、所有的过往记忆与行动，不调用任何工具直接用文本回复我："
+INTERVIEW_PROMPT_PREFIX = "Based on your persona, all past memories and actions, reply to me directly in text without calling any tools: "
 
 
 def optimize_interview_prompt(prompt: str) -> str:
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ def get_graph_entities(graph_id: str):
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY未配置"
+                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY not configured"
             }), 500
-        
+
         entity_types_str = request.args.get('entity_types', '')
         entity_types = [t.strip() for t in entity_types_str.split(',') if t.strip()] if entity_types_str else None
         enrich = request.args.get('enrich', 'true').lower() == 'true'
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def get_entity_detail(graph_id: str, entity_uuid: str):
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY未配置"
+                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY not configured"
             }), 500
         
         reader = ZepEntityReader()
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def get_entity_detail(graph_id: str, entity_uuid: str):
         if not entity:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"实体不存在: {entity_uuid}"
+                "error": f"Entity not found: {entity_uuid}"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def get_entities_by_type(graph_id: str, entity_type: str):
         if not Config.ZEP_API_KEY:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY未配置"
+                "error": "ZEP_API_KEY not configured"
             }), 500
         
         enrich = request.args.get('enrich', 'true').lower() == 'true'
@@ -197,21 +197,21 @@ def create_simulation():
         if not project_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 project_id"
+                "error": "Please provide project_id"
             }), 400
         
         project = ProjectManager.get_project(project_id)
         if not project:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"项目不存在: {project_id}"
+                "error": f"Project not found: {project_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         graph_id = data.get('graph_id') or project.graph_id
         if not graph_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "项目尚未构建图谱，请先调用 /api/graph/build"
+                "error": "Project has no graph built yet, please call /api/graph/build first"
             }), 400
         
         manager = SimulationManager()
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def _check_simulation_prepared(simulation_id: str) -> tuple:
     
     # 检查目录是否存在
     if not os.path.exists(simulation_dir):
-        return False, {"reason": "模拟目录不存在"}
+        return False, {"reason": "Simulation directory not found"}
     
     # 必要文件列表（不包括脚本，脚本位于 backend/scripts/）
     required_files = [
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ def _check_simulation_prepared(simulation_id: str) -> tuple:
     
     if missing_files:
         return False, {
-            "reason": "缺少必要文件",
+            "reason": "Missing required files",
             "missing_files": missing_files,
             "existing_files": existing_files
         }
@@ -346,13 +346,13 @@ def _check_simulation_prepared(simulation_id: str) -> tuple:
         else:
             logger.warning(f"模拟 {simulation_id} 检测结果: 未准备完成 (status={status}, config_generated={config_generated})")
             return False, {
-                "reason": f"状态不在已准备列表中或config_generated为false: status={status}, config_generated={config_generated}",
+                "reason": f"Status not in prepared list or config_generated is false: status={status}, config_generated={config_generated}",
                 "status": status,
                 "config_generated": config_generated
             }
             
     except Exception as e:
-        return False, {"reason": f"读取状态文件失败: {str(e)}"}
+        return False, {"reason": f"Failed to read state file: {str(e)}"}
 
 
 @simulation_bp.route('/prepare', methods=['POST'])
@@ -408,18 +408,18 @@ def prepare_simulation():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         manager = SimulationManager()
         state = manager.get_simulation(simulation_id)
-        
+
         if not state:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         # 检查是否强制重新生成
         force_regenerate = data.get('force_regenerate', False)
         logger.info(f"开始处理 /prepare 请求: simulation_id={simulation_id}, force_regenerate={force_regenerate}")
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ def prepare_simulation():
                     "data": {
                         "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                         "status": "ready",
-                        "message": "已有完成的准备工作，无需重复生成",
+                        "message": "Preparation already complete, no need to regenerate",
                         "already_prepared": True,
                         "prepare_info": prepare_info
                     }
@@ -449,15 +449,15 @@ def prepare_simulation():
         if not project:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"项目不存在: {state.project_id}"
+                "error": f"Project not found: {state.project_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         # 获取模拟需求
         simulation_requirement = project.simulation_requirement or ""
         if not simulation_requirement:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "项目缺少模拟需求描述 (simulation_requirement)"
+                "error": "Project is missing simulation requirement description (simulation_requirement)"
             }), 400
         
         # 获取文档文本
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ def run_prepare():
                     task_id,
                     status=TaskStatus.PROCESSING,
                     progress=0,
-                    message="开始准备模拟环境..."
+                    message="Starting simulation environment preparation..."
                 )
                 
                 # 准备模拟（带进度回调）
@@ -528,10 +528,10 @@ def progress_callback(stage, progress, message, **kwargs):
                     
                     # 构建详细进度信息
                     stage_names = {
-                        "reading": "读取图谱实体",
-                        "generating_profiles": "生成Agent人设",
-                        "generating_config": "生成模拟配置",
-                        "copying_scripts": "准备模拟脚本"
+                        "reading": "Reading graph entities",
+                        "generating_profiles": "Generating agent personas",
+                        "generating_config": "Generating simulation config",
+                        "copying_scripts": "Preparing simulation scripts"
                     }
                     
                     stage_index = list(stage_weights.keys()).index(stage) + 1 if stage in stage_weights else 1
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ def progress_callback(stage, progress, message, **kwargs):
                 "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                 "task_id": task_id,
                 "status": "preparing",
-                "message": "准备任务已启动，请通过 /api/simulation/prepare/status 查询进度",
+                "message": "Preparation task started, check progress via /api/simulation/prepare/status",
                 "already_prepared": False,
                 "expected_entities_count": state.entities_count,  # 预期的Agent总数
                 "entity_types": state.entity_types  # 实体类型列表
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ def get_prepare_status():
                         "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                         "status": "ready",
                         "progress": 100,
-                        "message": "已有完成的准备工作",
+                        "message": "Preparation already complete",
                         "already_prepared": True,
                         "prepare_info": prepare_info
                     }
@@ -696,18 +696,18 @@ def get_prepare_status():
                         "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                         "status": "not_started",
                         "progress": 0,
-                        "message": "尚未开始准备，请调用 /api/simulation/prepare 开始",
+                        "message": "Preparation not started, please call /api/simulation/prepare to begin",
                         "already_prepared": False
                     }
                 })
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 task_id 或 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide task_id or simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         task_manager = TaskManager()
         task = task_manager.get_task(task_id)
-        
+
         if not task:
             # 任务不存在，但如果有simulation_id，检查是否已准备完成
             if simulation_id:
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ def get_prepare_status():
                             "task_id": task_id,
                             "status": "ready",
                             "progress": 100,
-                            "message": "任务已完成（准备工作已存在）",
+                            "message": "Task already completed (preparation exists)",
                             "already_prepared": True,
                             "prepare_info": prepare_info
                         }
@@ -728,9 +728,9 @@ def get_prepare_status():
             
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"任务不存在: {task_id}"
+                "error": f"Task not found: {task_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         task_dict = task.to_dict()
         task_dict["already_prepared"] = False
         
@@ -757,9 +757,9 @@ def get_simulation(simulation_id: str):
         if not state:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         result = state.to_dict()
         
         # 如果模拟已准备好，附加运行说明
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ def get_simulation_history():
             project = ProjectManager.get_project(sim.project_id)
             if project and hasattr(project, 'files') and project.files:
                 sim_dict["files"] = [
-                    {"filename": f.get("filename", "未知文件")} 
+                    {"filename": f.get("filename", "Unknown file")}
                     for f in project.files[:3]
                 ]
             else:
@@ -1061,9 +1061,9 @@ def get_simulation_profiles_realtime(simulation_id: str):
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         # 确定文件路径
         if platform == "reddit":
             profiles_file = os.path.join(sim_dir, "reddit_profiles.json")
@@ -1164,9 +1164,9 @@ def get_simulation_config_realtime(simulation_id: str):
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
-        
+
         # 配置文件路径
         config_file = os.path.join(sim_dir, "simulation_config.json")
         
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ def get_simulation_config(simulation_id: str):
         if not config:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟配置不存在，请先调用 /prepare 接口"
+                "error": "Simulation config not found, please call /prepare first"
             }), 404
         
         return jsonify({
@@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ def download_simulation_config(simulation_id: str):
         if not os.path.exists(config_path):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "配置文件不存在，请先调用 /prepare 接口"
+                "error": "Config file not found, please call /prepare first"
             }), 404
         
         return send_file(
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ def download_simulation_script(script_name: str):
         if script_name not in allowed_scripts:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"未知脚本: {script_name}，可选: {allowed_scripts}"
+                "error": f"Unknown script: {script_name}, allowed: {allowed_scripts}"
             }), 400
         
         script_path = os.path.join(scripts_dir, script_name)
@@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ def download_simulation_script(script_name: str):
         if not os.path.exists(script_path):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"脚本文件不存在: {script_name}"
+                "error": f"Script file not found: {script_name}"
             }), 404
         
         return send_file(
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@ def generate_profiles():
         if not graph_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 graph_id"
+                "error": "Please provide graph_id"
             }), 400
         
         entity_types = data.get('entity_types')
@@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ def generate_profiles():
         if filtered.filtered_count == 0:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "没有找到符合条件的实体"
+                "error": "No matching entities found"
             }), 400
         
         generator = OasisProfileGenerator()
@@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ def start_simulation():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
 
         platform = data.get('platform', 'parallel')
@@ -1506,18 +1506,18 @@ def start_simulation():
                 if max_rounds <= 0:
                     return jsonify({
                         "success": False,
-                        "error": "max_rounds 必须是正整数"
+                        "error": "max_rounds must be a positive integer"
                     }), 400
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": "max_rounds 必须是有效的整数"
+                    "error": "max_rounds must be a valid integer"
                 }), 400
 
         if platform not in ['twitter', 'reddit', 'parallel']:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"无效的平台类型: {platform}，可选: twitter/reddit/parallel"
+                "error": f"Invalid platform type: {platform}, allowed: twitter/reddit/parallel"
             }), 400
 
         # 检查模拟是否已准备好
@@ -1527,7 +1527,7 @@ def start_simulation():
         if not state:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}"
+                "error": f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}"
             }), 404
 
         force_restarted = False
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ def start_simulation():
                         else:
                             return jsonify({
                                 "success": False,
-                                "error": f"模拟正在运行中，请先调用 /stop 接口停止，或使用 force=true 强制重新开始"
+                                "error": "Simulation is currently running, please call /stop first or use force=true to force restart"
                             }), 400
 
                 # 如果是强制模式，清理运行日志
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ def start_simulation():
                 # 准备工作未完成
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": f"模拟未准备好，当前状态: {state.status.value}，请先调用 /prepare 接口"
+                    "error": f"Simulation not ready, current status: {state.status.value}, please call /prepare first"
                 }), 400
         
         # 获取图谱ID（用于图谱记忆更新）
@@ -1590,7 +1590,7 @@ def start_simulation():
             if not graph_id:
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": "启用图谱记忆更新需要有效的 graph_id，请确保项目已构建图谱"
+                    "error": "Graph memory update requires a valid graph_id, please ensure the project graph has been built"
                 }), 400
             
             logger.info(f"启用图谱记忆更新: simulation_id={simulation_id}, graph_id={graph_id}")
@@ -1663,9 +1663,9 @@ def stop_simulation():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         run_state = SimulationRunner.stop_simulation(simulation_id)
         
         # 更新模拟状态
@@ -2011,7 +2011,7 @@ def get_simulation_posts(simulation_id: str):
                     "platform": platform,
                     "count": 0,
                     "posts": [],
-                    "message": "数据库不存在，模拟可能尚未运行"
+                    "message": "Database does not exist, simulation may not have run yet"
                 }
             })
         
@@ -2197,38 +2197,38 @@ def interview_agent():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         if agent_id is None:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 agent_id"
+                "error": "Please provide agent_id"
             }), 400
         
         if not prompt:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 prompt（采访问题）"
+                "error": "Please provide prompt (interview question)"
             }), 400
-        
+
         # 验证platform参数
         if platform and platform not in ("twitter", "reddit"):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "platform 参数只能是 'twitter' 或 'reddit'"
+                "error": "platform must be 'twitter' or 'reddit'"
             }), 400
-        
+
         # 检查环境状态
         if not SimulationRunner.check_env_alive(simulation_id):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "模拟环境未运行或已关闭。请确保模拟已完成并进入等待命令模式。"
+                "error": "Simulation environment is not running or has been closed. Please ensure the simulation has completed and is in command-waiting mode."
             }), 400
-        
+
         # 优化prompt，添加前缀避免Agent调用工具
         optimized_prompt = optimize_interview_prompt(prompt)
-        
+
         result = SimulationRunner.interview_agent(
             simulation_id=simulation_id,
             agent_id=agent_id,
@@ -2251,7 +2251,7 @@ def interview_agent():
     except TimeoutError as e:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"等待Interview响应超时: {str(e)}"
+            "error": f"Interview response timed out: {str(e)}"
         }), 504
         
     except Exception as e:
@@ -2318,20 +2318,20 @@ def interview_agents_batch():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
 
         if not interviews or not isinstance(interviews, list):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 interviews（采访列表）"
+                "error": "Please provide interviews (interview list)"
             }), 400
 
         # 验证platform参数
         if platform and platform not in ("twitter", "reddit"):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "platform 参数只能是 'twitter' 或 'reddit'"
+                "error": "platform must be 'twitter' or 'reddit'"
             }), 400
 
         # 验证每个采访项
@@ -2339,26 +2339,26 @@ def interview_agents_batch():
             if 'agent_id' not in interview:
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": f"采访列表第{i+1}项缺少 agent_id"
+                    "error": f"Interview item {i+1} is missing agent_id"
                 }), 400
             if 'prompt' not in interview:
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": f"采访列表第{i+1}项缺少 prompt"
+                    "error": f"Interview item {i+1} is missing prompt"
                 }), 400
             # 验证每项的platform（如果有）
             item_platform = interview.get('platform')
             if item_platform and item_platform not in ("twitter", "reddit"):
                 return jsonify({
                     "success": False,
-                    "error": f"采访列表第{i+1}项的platform只能是 'twitter' 或 'reddit'"
+                    "error": f"Interview item {i+1} platform must be 'twitter' or 'reddit'"
                 }), 400
 
         # 检查环境状态
         if not SimulationRunner.check_env_alive(simulation_id):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "模拟环境未运行或已关闭。请确保模拟已完成并进入等待命令模式。"
+                "error": "Simulation environment is not running or has been closed. Please ensure the simulation has completed and is in command-waiting mode."
             }), 400
 
         # 优化每个采访项的prompt，添加前缀避免Agent调用工具
@@ -2389,7 +2389,7 @@ def interview_agents_batch():
     except TimeoutError as e:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"等待批量Interview响应超时: {str(e)}"
+            "error": f"Batch interview response timed out: {str(e)}"
         }), 504
 
     except Exception as e:
@@ -2445,27 +2445,27 @@ def interview_all_agents():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
 
         if not prompt:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 prompt（采访问题）"
+                "error": "Please provide prompt (interview question)"
             }), 400
 
         # 验证platform参数
         if platform and platform not in ("twitter", "reddit"):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "platform 参数只能是 'twitter' 或 'reddit'"
+                "error": "platform must be 'twitter' or 'reddit'"
             }), 400
 
         # 检查环境状态
         if not SimulationRunner.check_env_alive(simulation_id):
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "模拟环境未运行或已关闭。请确保模拟已完成并进入等待命令模式。"
+                "error": "Simulation environment is not running or has been closed. Please ensure the simulation has completed and is in command-waiting mode."
             }), 400
 
         # 优化prompt，添加前缀避免Agent调用工具
@@ -2492,7 +2492,7 @@ def interview_all_agents():
     except TimeoutError as e:
         return jsonify({
             "success": False,
-            "error": f"等待全局Interview响应超时: {str(e)}"
+            "error": f"Global interview response timed out: {str(e)}"
         }), 504
 
     except Exception as e:
@@ -2549,7 +2549,7 @@ def get_interview_history():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
 
         history = SimulationRunner.get_interview_history(
@@ -2608,7 +2608,7 @@ def get_env_status():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
 
         env_alive = SimulationRunner.check_env_alive(simulation_id)
@@ -2617,9 +2617,9 @@ def get_env_status():
         env_status = SimulationRunner.get_env_status_detail(simulation_id)
 
         if env_alive:
-            message = "环境正在运行，可以接收Interview命令"
+            message = "Environment is running and can receive interview commands"
         else:
-            message = "环境未运行或已关闭"
+            message = "Environment is not running or has been closed"
 
         return jsonify({
             "success": True,
@@ -2676,9 +2676,9 @@ def close_simulation_env():
         if not simulation_id:
             return jsonify({
                 "success": False,
-                "error": "请提供 simulation_id"
+                "error": "Please provide simulation_id"
             }), 400
-        
+
         result = SimulationRunner.close_simulation_env(
             simulation_id=simulation_id,
             timeout=timeout
diff --git a/backend/app/models/task.py b/backend/app/models/task.py
index e15f35fbd..9f2c64903 100644
--- a/backend/app/models/task.py
+++ b/backend/app/models/task.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def complete_task(self, task_id: str, result: Dict):
             task_id,
             status=TaskStatus.COMPLETED,
             progress=100,
-            message="任务完成",
+            message="Task completed",
             result=result
         )
     
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def fail_task(self, task_id: str, error: str):
         self.update_task(
             task_id,
             status=TaskStatus.FAILED,
-            message="任务失败",
+            message="Task failed",
             error=error
         )
     
diff --git a/backend/app/services/graph_builder.py b/backend/app/services/graph_builder.py
index 0e0444bf3..eef3045a9 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/graph_builder.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/graph_builder.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class GraphBuilderService:
     def __init__(self, api_key: Optional[str] = None):
         self.api_key = api_key or Config.ZEP_API_KEY
         if not self.api_key:
-            raise ValueError("ZEP_API_KEY 未配置")
+            raise ValueError("ZEP_API_KEY not configured")
         
         self.client = Zep(api_key=self.api_key)
         self.task_manager = TaskManager()
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
                 task_id,
                 status=TaskStatus.PROCESSING,
                 progress=5,
-                message="开始构建图谱..."
+                message="Starting graph build..."
             )
             
             # 1. 创建图谱
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
             self.task_manager.update_task(
                 task_id,
                 progress=10,
-                message=f"图谱已创建: {graph_id}"
+                message=f"Graph created: {graph_id}"
             )
             
             # 2. 设置本体
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
             self.task_manager.update_task(
                 task_id,
                 progress=15,
-                message="本体已设置"
+                message="Ontology set"
             )
             
             # 3. 文本分块
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
             self.task_manager.update_task(
                 task_id,
                 progress=20,
-                message=f"文本已分割为 {total_chunks} 个块"
+                message=f"Text split into {total_chunks} chunks"
             )
             
             # 4. 分批发送数据
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
             self.task_manager.update_task(
                 task_id,
                 progress=60,
-                message="等待Zep处理数据..."
+                message="Waiting for Zep to process data..."
             )
             
             self._wait_for_episodes(
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def _build_graph_worker(
             self.task_manager.update_task(
                 task_id,
                 progress=90,
-                message="获取图谱信息..."
+                message="Retrieving graph info..."
             )
             
             graph_info = self._get_graph_info(graph_id)
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def add_text_batches(
             if progress_callback:
                 progress = (i + len(batch_chunks)) / total_chunks
                 progress_callback(
-                    f"发送第 {batch_num}/{total_batches} 批数据 ({len(batch_chunks)} 块)...",
+                    f"Sending batch {batch_num}/{total_batches} ({len(batch_chunks)} chunks)...",
                     progress
                 )
             
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ def add_text_batches(
                 
             except Exception as e:
                 if progress_callback:
-                    progress_callback(f"批次 {batch_num} 发送失败: {str(e)}", 0)
+                    progress_callback(f"Batch {batch_num} send failed: {str(e)}", 0)
                 raise
         
         return episode_uuids
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ def _wait_for_episodes(
         """等待所有 episode 处理完成（通过查询每个 episode 的 processed 状态）"""
         if not episode_uuids:
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("无需等待（没有 episode）", 1.0)
+                progress_callback("No waiting needed (no episodes)", 1.0)
             return
         
         start_time = time.time()
@@ -356,13 +356,13 @@ def _wait_for_episodes(
         total_episodes = len(episode_uuids)
         
         if progress_callback:
-            progress_callback(f"开始等待 {total_episodes} 个文本块处理...", 0)
+            progress_callback(f"Waiting for {total_episodes} text chunks to process...", 0)
         
         while pending_episodes:
             if time.time() - start_time > timeout:
                 if progress_callback:
                     progress_callback(
-                        f"部分文本块超时，已完成 {completed_count}/{total_episodes}",
+                        f"Some text chunks timed out, completed {completed_count}/{total_episodes}",
                         completed_count / total_episodes
                     )
                 break
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ def _wait_for_episodes(
             elapsed = int(time.time() - start_time)
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
-                    f"Zep处理中... {completed_count}/{total_episodes} 完成, {len(pending_episodes)} 待处理 ({elapsed}秒)",
+                    f"Zep processing... {completed_count}/{total_episodes} done, {len(pending_episodes)} pending ({elapsed}s)",
                     completed_count / total_episodes if total_episodes > 0 else 0
                 )
             
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ def _wait_for_episodes(
                 time.sleep(3)  # 每3秒检查一次
         
         if progress_callback:
-            progress_callback(f"处理完成: {completed_count}/{total_episodes}", 1.0)
+            progress_callback(f"Processing complete: {completed_count}/{total_episodes}", 1.0)
     
     def _get_graph_info(self, graph_id: str) -> GraphInfo:
         """获取图谱信息"""
diff --git a/backend/app/services/report_agent.py b/backend/app/services/report_agent.py
index 02ca5bdc2..a3abe3ffe 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/report_agent.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/report_agent.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def log_start(self, simulation_id: str, graph_id: str, simulation_requirement: s
                 "simulation_id": simulation_id,
                 "graph_id": graph_id,
                 "simulation_requirement": simulation_requirement,
-                "message": "报告生成任务开始"
+                "message": "Report generation task started"
             }
         )
     
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def log_planning_start(self):
         self.log(
             action="planning_start",
             stage="planning",
-            details={"message": "开始规划报告大纲"}
+            details={"message": "Starting report outline planning"}
         )
     
     def log_planning_context(self, context: Dict[str, Any]):
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def log_planning_context(self, context: Dict[str, Any]):
             action="planning_context",
             stage="planning",
             details={
-                "message": "获取模拟上下文信息",
+                "message": "Retrieving simulation context",
                 "context": context
             }
         )
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def log_planning_complete(self, outline_dict: Dict[str, Any]):
             action="planning_complete",
             stage="planning",
             details={
-                "message": "大纲规划完成",
+                "message": "Outline planning complete",
                 "outline": outline_dict
             }
         )
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def log_section_start(self, section_title: str, section_index: int):
             stage="generating",
             section_title=section_title,
             section_index=section_index,
-            details={"message": f"开始生成章节: {section_title}"}
+            details={"message": f"Starting section generation: {section_title}"}
         )
     
     def log_react_thought(self, section_title: str, section_index: int, iteration: int, thought: str):
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def log_react_thought(self, section_title: str, section_index: int, iteration: i
             details={
                 "iteration": iteration,
                 "thought": thought,
-                "message": f"ReACT 第{iteration}轮思考"
+                "message": f"ReACT iteration {iteration} thinking"
             }
         )
     
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def log_tool_call(
                 "iteration": iteration,
                 "tool_name": tool_name,
                 "parameters": parameters,
-                "message": f"调用工具: {tool_name}"
+                "message": f"Calling tool: {tool_name}"
             }
         )
     
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def log_tool_result(
                 "tool_name": tool_name,
                 "result": result,  # 完整结果，不截断
                 "result_length": len(result),
-                "message": f"工具 {tool_name} 返回结果"
+                "message": f"Tool {tool_name} returned result"
             }
         )
     
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ def log_llm_response(
                 "response_length": len(response),
                 "has_tool_calls": has_tool_calls,
                 "has_final_answer": has_final_answer,
-                "message": f"LLM 响应 (工具调用: {has_tool_calls}, 最终答案: {has_final_answer})"
+                "message": f"LLM response (tool calls: {has_tool_calls}, final answer: {has_final_answer})"
             }
         )
     
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def log_section_content(
                 "content": content,  # 完整内容，不截断
                 "content_length": len(content),
                 "tool_calls_count": tool_calls_count,
-                "message": f"章节 {section_title} 内容生成完成"
+                "message": f"Section {section_title} content generation complete"
             }
         )
     
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def log_section_full_complete(
             details={
                 "content": full_content,
                 "content_length": len(full_content),
-                "message": f"章节 {section_title} 生成完成"
+                "message": f"Section {section_title} generation complete"
             }
         )
     
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def log_report_complete(self, total_sections: int, total_time_seconds: float):
             details={
                 "total_sections": total_sections,
                 "total_time_seconds": round(total_time_seconds, 2),
-                "message": "报告生成完成"
+                "message": "Report generation complete"
             }
         )
     
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def log_error(self, error_message: str, stage: str, section_title: str = None):
             section_index=None,
             details={
                 "error": error_message,
-                "message": f"发生错误: {error_message}"
+                "message": f"Error occurred: {error_message}"
             }
         )
 
@@ -467,393 +467,394 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-# Prompt 模板常量
+# Prompt Template Constants
 # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-# ── 工具描述 ──
+# ── Tool Descriptions ──
 
 TOOL_DESC_INSIGHT_FORGE = """\
-【深度洞察检索 - 强大的检索工具】
-这是我们强大的检索函数，专为深度分析设计。它会：
-1. 自动将你的问题分解为多个子问题
-2. 从多个维度检索模拟图谱中的信息
-3. 整合语义搜索、实体分析、关系链追踪的结果
-4. 返回最全面、最深度的检索内容
-
-【使用场景】
-- 需要深入分析某个话题
-- 需要了解事件的多个方面
-- 需要获取支撑报告章节的丰富素材
-
-【返回内容】
-- 相关事实原文（可直接引用）
-- 核心实体洞察
-- 关系链分析"""
+[Deep Insight Retrieval - Powerful Retrieval Tool]
+This is our powerful retrieval function, designed for in-depth analysis. It will:
+1. Automatically decompose your question into multiple sub-questions
+2. Retrieve information from the simulation graph across multiple dimensions
+3. Integrate results from semantic search, entity analysis, and relationship chain tracking
+4. Return the most comprehensive and in-depth retrieval content
+
+[Use Cases]
+- Need to deeply analyze a topic
+- Need to understand multiple aspects of an event
+- Need to obtain rich material to support report sections
+
+[Return Content]
+- Relevant original facts (can be directly quoted)
+- Core entity insights
+- Relationship chain analysis"""
 
 TOOL_DESC_PANORAMA_SEARCH = """\
-【广度搜索 - 获取全貌视图】
-这个工具用于获取模拟结果的完整全貌，特别适合了解事件演变过程。它会：
-1. 获取所有相关节点和关系
-2. 区分当前有效的事实和历史/过期的事实
-3. 帮助你了解舆情是如何演变的
-
-【使用场景】
-- 需要了解事件的完整发展脉络
-- 需要对比不同阶段的舆情变化
-- 需要获取全面的实体和关系信息
-
-【返回内容】
-- 当前有效事实（模拟最新结果）
-- 历史/过期事实（演变记录）
-- 所有涉及的实体"""
+[Broad Search - Get a Panoramic View]
+This tool is used to get a complete overview of simulation results, especially suitable for understanding event evolution. It will:
+1. Retrieve all related nodes and relationships
+2. Distinguish between currently valid facts and historical/expired facts
+3. Help you understand how public sentiment evolved
+
+[Use Cases]
+- Need to understand the complete development trajectory of an event
+- Need to compare sentiment changes across different stages
+- Need to obtain comprehensive entity and relationship information
+
+[Return Content]
+- Currently valid facts (latest simulation results)
+- Historical/expired facts (evolution records)
+- All involved entities"""
 
 TOOL_DESC_QUICK_SEARCH = """\
-【简单搜索 - 快速检索】
-轻量级的快速检索工具，适合简单、直接的信息查询。
+[Simple Search - Quick Retrieval]
+A lightweight quick retrieval tool, suitable for simple and direct information queries.
 
-【使用场景】
-- 需要快速查找某个具体信息
-- 需要验证某个事实
-- 简单的信息检索
+[Use Cases]
+- Need to quickly look up a specific piece of information
+- Need to verify a fact
+- Simple information retrieval
 
-【返回内容】
-- 与查询最相关的事实列表"""
+[Return Content]
+- A list of facts most relevant to the query"""
 
 TOOL_DESC_INTERVIEW_AGENTS = """\
-【深度采访 - 真实Agent采访（双平台）】
-调用OASIS模拟环境的采访API，对正在运行的模拟Agent进行真实采访！
-这不是LLM模拟，而是调用真实的采访接口获取模拟Agent的原始回答。
-默认在Twitter和Reddit两个平台同时采访，获取更全面的观点。
-
-功能流程：
-1. 自动读取人设文件，了解所有模拟Agent
-2. 智能选择与采访主题最相关的Agent（如学生、媒体、官方等）
-3. 自动生成采访问题
-4. 调用 /api/simulation/interview/batch 接口在双平台进行真实采访
-5. 整合所有采访结果，提供多视角分析
-
-【使用场景】
-- 需要从不同角色视角了解事件看法（学生怎么看？媒体怎么看？官方怎么说？）
-- 需要收集多方意见和立场
-- 需要获取模拟Agent的真实回答（来自OASIS模拟环境）
-- 想让报告更生动，包含"采访实录"
-
-【返回内容】
-- 被采访Agent的身份信息
-- 各Agent在Twitter和Reddit两个平台的采访回答
-- 关键引言（可直接引用）
-- 采访摘要和观点对比
-
-【重要】需要OASIS模拟环境正在运行才能使用此功能！"""
-
-# ── 大纲规划 prompt ──
+[In-Depth Interview - Real Agent Interview (Dual Platform)]
+Calls the OASIS simulation environment interview API to conduct real interviews with running simulation Agents!
+This is not an LLM simulation, but calls the real interview interface to get original responses from simulation Agents.
+By default, interviews are conducted simultaneously on both Twitter and Reddit platforms for more comprehensive perspectives.
+
+Workflow:
+1. Automatically reads persona files to learn about all simulation Agents
+2. Intelligently selects Agents most relevant to the interview topic (e.g., students, media, officials, etc.)
+3. Automatically generates interview questions
+4. Calls the /api/simulation/interview/batch endpoint to conduct real interviews on both platforms
+5. Integrates all interview results to provide multi-perspective analysis
+
+[Use Cases]
+- Need to understand event perspectives from different roles (What do students think? What does the media think? What do officials say?)
+- Need to collect opinions and positions from multiple parties
+- Need to obtain real responses from simulation Agents (from the OASIS simulation environment)
+- Want to make the report more vivid by including "interview transcripts"
+
+[Return Content]
+- Identity information of interviewed Agents
+- Interview responses from each Agent on both Twitter and Reddit platforms
+- Key quotes (can be directly cited)
+- Interview summary and comparison of viewpoints
+
+[Important] The OASIS simulation environment must be running to use this feature!"""
+
+# ── Outline Planning Prompt ──
 
 PLAN_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """\
-你是一个「未来预测报告」的撰写专家，拥有对模拟世界的「上帝视角」——你可以洞察模拟中每一位Agent的行为、言论和互动。
-
-【核心理念】
-我们构建了一个模拟世界，并向其中注入了特定的「模拟需求」作为变量。模拟世界的演化结果，就是对未来可能发生情况的预测。你正在观察的不是"实验数据"，而是"未来的预演"。
-
-【你的任务】
-撰写一份「未来预测报告」，回答：
-1. 在我们设定的条件下，未来发生了什么？
-2. 各类Agent（人群）是如何反应和行动？
-3. 这个模拟揭示了哪些值得关注的未来趋势和风险？
-
-【报告定位】
-- ✅ 这是一份基于模拟的未来预测报告，揭示"如果这样，未来会怎样"
-- ✅ 聚焦于预测结果：事件走向、群体反应、涌现现象、潜在风险
-- ✅ 模拟世界中的Agent言行就是对未来人群行为的预测
-- ❌ 不是对现实世界现状的分析
-- ❌ 不是泛泛而谈的舆情综述
-
-【章节数量限制】
-- 最少2个章节，最多5个章节
-- 不需要子章节，每个章节直接撰写完整内容
-- 内容要精炼，聚焦于核心预测发现
-- 章节结构由你根据预测结果自主设计
-
-请输出JSON格式的报告大纲，格式如下：
+You are an expert in writing "Future Prediction Reports," possessing a "God's-eye view" of the simulated world -- you can observe the behavior, statements, and interactions of every Agent in the simulation.
+
+[Core Concept]
+We have built a simulated world and injected specific "simulation requirements" as variables. The evolution results of the simulated world represent predictions of what may happen in the future. What you are observing is not "experimental data," but a "rehearsal of the future."
+
+[Your Task]
+Write a "Future Prediction Report" that answers:
+1. Under the conditions we set, what happened in the future?
+2. How did various types of Agents (populations) react and act?
+3. What noteworthy future trends and risks does this simulation reveal?
+
+[Report Positioning]
+- This is a simulation-based future prediction report, revealing "if this happens, what will the future look like"
+- Focus on prediction results: event trajectories, group reactions, emergent phenomena, potential risks
+- The statements and actions of Agents in the simulated world are predictions of future human behavior
+- This is NOT an analysis of real-world current conditions
+- This is NOT a generic public sentiment overview
+
+[Section Count Limits]
+- Minimum 2 sections, maximum 5 sections
+- No sub-sections needed; each section should contain complete content directly
+- Content should be concise, focusing on core prediction findings
+- Section structure should be designed by you based on the prediction results
+
+Please output the report outline in JSON format as follows:
 {
-    "title": "报告标题",
-    "summary": "报告摘要（一句话概括核心预测发现）",
+    "title": "Report title",
+    "summary": "Report summary (one sentence summarizing core prediction findings)",
     "sections": [
         {
-            "title": "章节标题",
-            "description": "章节内容描述"
+            "title": "Section title",
+            "description": "Section content description"
         }
     ]
 }
 
-注意：sections数组最少2个，最多5个元素！"""
+Note: The sections array must have at least 2 and at most 5 elements!"""
 
 PLAN_USER_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """\
-【预测场景设定】
-我们向模拟世界注入的变量（模拟需求）：{simulation_requirement}
+[Prediction Scenario Setup]
+Variables injected into the simulated world (simulation requirements): {simulation_requirement}
 
-【模拟世界规模】
-- 参与模拟的实体数量: {total_nodes}
-- 实体间产生的关系数量: {total_edges}
-- 实体类型分布: {entity_types}
-- 活跃Agent数量: {total_entities}
+[Simulated World Scale]
+- Number of entities participating in the simulation: {total_nodes}
+- Number of relationships generated between entities: {total_edges}
+- Entity type distribution: {entity_types}
+- Number of active Agents: {total_entities}
 
-【模拟预测到的部分未来事实样本】
+[Sample Future Facts Predicted by the Simulation]
 {related_facts_json}
 
-请以「上帝视角」审视这个未来预演：
-1. 在我们设定的条件下，未来呈现出了什么样的状态？
-2. 各类人群（Agent）是如何反应和行动的？
-3. 这个模拟揭示了哪些值得关注的未来趋势？
+Examine this future rehearsal from a "God's-eye view":
+1. Under the conditions we set, what state does the future present?
+2. How did various populations (Agents) react and act?
+3. What noteworthy future trends does this simulation reveal?
 
-根据预测结果，设计最合适的报告章节结构。
+Based on the prediction results, design the most appropriate report section structure.
 
-【再次提醒】报告章节数量：最少2个，最多5个，内容要精炼聚焦于核心预测发现。"""
+[Reminder] Report section count: minimum 2, maximum 5, content should be concise and focused on core prediction findings."""
 
-# ── 章节生成 prompt ──
+# ── Section Generation Prompt ──
 
 SECTION_SYSTEM_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """\
-你是一个「未来预测报告」的撰写专家，正在撰写报告的一个章节。
+You are an expert in writing "Future Prediction Reports," currently writing one section of the report.
 
-报告标题: {report_title}
-报告摘要: {report_summary}
-预测场景（模拟需求）: {simulation_requirement}
+Report title: {report_title}
+Report summary: {report_summary}
+Prediction scenario (simulation requirements): {simulation_requirement}
 
-当前要撰写的章节: {section_title}
+Section to write: {section_title}
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【核心理念】
+[Core Concept]
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-模拟世界是对未来的预演。我们向模拟世界注入了特定条件（模拟需求），
-模拟中Agent的行为和互动，就是对未来人群行为的预测。
+The simulated world is a rehearsal of the future. We injected specific conditions (simulation requirements) into the simulated world. The behavior and interactions of Agents in the simulation are predictions of future human behavior.
 
-你的任务是：
-- 揭示在设定条件下，未来发生了什么
-- 预测各类人群（Agent）是如何反应和行动的
-- 发现值得关注的未来趋势、风险和机会
+Your task is to:
+- Reveal what happened in the future under the set conditions
+- Predict how various populations (Agents) reacted and acted
+- Discover noteworthy future trends, risks, and opportunities
 
-❌ 不要写成对现实世界现状的分析
-✅ 要聚焦于"未来会怎样"——模拟结果就是预测的未来
+Do NOT write this as an analysis of real-world current conditions.
+DO focus on "what will the future look like" -- the simulation results ARE the predicted future.
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【最重要的规则 - 必须遵守】
+[Most Important Rules - Must Follow]
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-1. 【必须调用工具观察模拟世界】
-   - 你正在以「上帝视角」观察未来的预演
-   - 所有内容必须来自模拟世界中发生的事件和Agent言行
-   - 禁止使用你自己的知识来编写报告内容
-   - 每个章节至少调用3次工具（最多5次）来观察模拟的世界，它代表了未来
-
-2. 【必须引用Agent的原始言行】
-   - Agent的发言和行为是对未来人群行为的预测
-   - 在报告中使用引用格式展示这些预测，例如：
-     > "某类人群会表示：原文内容..."
-   - 这些引用是模拟预测的核心证据
-
-3. 【语言一致性 - 引用内容必须翻译为报告语言】
-   - 工具返回的内容可能包含英文或中英文混杂的表述
-   - 如果模拟需求和材料原文是中文的，报告必须全部使用中文撰写
-   - 当你引用工具返回的英文或中英混杂内容时，必须将其翻译为流畅的中文后再写入报告
-   - 翻译时保持原意不变，确保表述自然通顺
-   - 这一规则同时适用于正文和引用块（> 格式）中的内容
-
-4. 【忠实呈现预测结果】
-   - 报告内容必须反映模拟世界中的代表未来的模拟结果
-   - 不要添加模拟中不存在的信息
-   - 如果某方面信息不足，如实说明
+1. [Must Call Tools to Observe the Simulated World]
+   - You are observing the future rehearsal from a "God's-eye view"
+   - All content must come from events and Agent statements/actions in the simulated world
+   - Do not use your own knowledge to write report content
+   - Each section must call tools at least 3 times (maximum 5) to observe the simulated world, which represents the future
+
+2. [Must Quote Agents' Original Statements and Actions]
+   - Agent statements and behaviors are predictions of future human behavior
+   - Use quote formatting in the report to present these predictions, for example:
+     > "A certain group would say: original content..."
+   - These quotes are the core evidence of the simulation predictions
+
+3. [CRITICAL - ALL Content Must Be in English, NO EXCEPTIONS]
+   - The ENTIRE report MUST be written in English, including ALL quotes and blockquotes.
+   - Tool results and agent responses may contain Chinese text. You MUST translate ALL Chinese text into fluent English before including it in the report.
+   - NEVER include any Chinese characters in the report output. Every single quote, blockquote (> format), and body text must be in English.
+   - When translating quotes, preserve the original meaning but write them in natural English.
+   - This is a hard requirement: if you encounter Chinese text from tools, translate it first, then include the English translation.
+
+4. [Faithfully Present Prediction Results]
+   - Report content must reflect the simulation results representing the future in the simulated world
+   - Do not add information that does not exist in the simulation
+   - If information is insufficient in certain areas, state this honestly
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【⚠️ 格式规范 - 极其重要！】
+[Format Guidelines - Extremely Important!]
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-【一个章节 = 最小内容单位】
-- 每个章节是报告的最小分块单位
-- ❌ 禁止在章节内使用任何 Markdown 标题（#、##、###、#### 等）
-- ❌ 禁止在内容开头添加章节主标题
-- ✅ 章节标题由系统自动添加，你只需撰写纯正文内容
-- ✅ 使用**粗体**、段落分隔、引用、列表来组织内容，但不要用标题
+[One Section = Minimum Content Unit]
+- Each section is the smallest divisible unit of the report
+- Do NOT use any Markdown headings (#, ##, ###, ####, etc.) within a section
+- Do NOT add the section title at the beginning of the content
+- The section title is automatically added by the system; you only need to write body text
+- USE **bold text**, paragraph breaks, quotes, and lists to organize content, but do not use headings
 
-【正确示例】
+[Correct Example]
 ```
-本章节分析了事件的舆论传播态势。通过对模拟数据的深入分析，我们发现...
+This section analyzes the public opinion propagation dynamics of the event. Through in-depth analysis of simulation data, we found...
 
-**首发引爆阶段**
+**Initial Breakout Phase**
 
-微博作为舆情的第一现场，承担了信息首发的核心功能：
+Weibo, as the frontline of public sentiment, served the core function of information dissemination:
 
-> "微博贡献了68%的首发声量..."
+> "Weibo contributed 68% of the initial volume..."
 
-**情绪放大阶段**
+**Sentiment Amplification Phase**
 
-抖音平台进一步放大了事件影响力：
+The Douyin platform further amplified the event's impact:
 
-- 视觉冲击力强
-- 情绪共鸣度高
+- Strong visual impact
+- High emotional resonance
 ```
 
-【错误示例】
+[Incorrect Example]
 ```
-## 执行摘要          ← 错误！不要添加任何标题
-### 一、首发阶段     ← 错误！不要用###分小节
-#### 1.1 详细分析   ← 错误！不要用####细分
+## Executive Summary          <-- Wrong! Do not add any headings
+### 1. Initial Phase          <-- Wrong! Do not use ### for subsections
+#### 1.1 Detailed Analysis    <-- Wrong! Do not use #### for further subdivision
 
-本章节分析了...
+This section analyzes...
 ```
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【可用检索工具】（每章节调用3-5次）
+[Available Retrieval Tools] (call 3-5 times per section)
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
 {tools_description}
 
-【工具使用建议 - 请混合使用不同工具，不要只用一种】
-- insight_forge: 深度洞察分析，自动分解问题并多维度检索事实和关系
-- panorama_search: 广角全景搜索，了解事件全貌、时间线和演变过程
-- quick_search: 快速验证某个具体信息点
-- interview_agents: 采访模拟Agent，获取不同角色的第一人称观点和真实反应
+[Tool Usage Suggestions - Please mix different tools, do not use only one]
+- insight_forge: Deep insight analysis, automatically decomposes questions and retrieves facts and relationships across multiple dimensions
+- panorama_search: Wide-angle panoramic search, understand the full picture of events, timelines, and evolution
+- quick_search: Quickly verify a specific piece of information
+- interview_agents: Interview simulation Agents, obtain first-person perspectives and real reactions from different roles
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【工作流程】
+[Workflow]
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-每次回复你只能做以下两件事之一（不可同时做）：
+Each response can only do one of the following two things (not both):
 
-选项A - 调用工具：
-输出你的思考，然后用以下格式调用一个工具：
+Option A - Call a tool:
+Output your thinking, then call a tool using the following format:
 <tool_call>
-{{"name": "工具名称", "parameters": {{"参数名": "参数值"}}}}
+{{"name": "tool_name", "parameters": {{"param_name": "param_value"}}}}
 </tool_call>
-系统会执行工具并把结果返回给你。你不需要也不能自己编写工具返回结果。
+The system will execute the tool and return the results to you. You do not need to and cannot write tool return results yourself.
 
-选项B - 输出最终内容：
-当你已通过工具获取了足够信息，以 "Final Answer:" 开头输出章节内容。
+Option B - Output final content:
+When you have obtained enough information through tools, output the section content starting with "Final Answer:".
 
-⚠️ 严格禁止：
-- 禁止在一次回复中同时包含工具调用和 Final Answer
-- 禁止自己编造工具返回结果（Observation），所有工具结果由系统注入
-- 每次回复最多调用一个工具
+Strictly prohibited:
+- Do not include both a tool call and a Final Answer in the same response
+- Do not fabricate tool return results (Observations); all tool results are injected by the system
+- Call at most one tool per response
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【章节内容要求】
+[Section Content Requirements]
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-1. 内容必须基于工具检索到的模拟数据
-2. 大量引用原文来展示模拟效果
-3. 使用Markdown格式（但禁止使用标题）：
-   - 使用 **粗体文字** 标记重点（代替子标题）
-   - 使用列表（-或1.2.3.）组织要点
-   - 使用空行分隔不同段落
-   - ❌ 禁止使用 #、##、###、#### 等任何标题语法
-4. 【引用格式规范 - 必须单独成段】
-   引用必须独立成段，前后各有一个空行，不能混在段落中：
-
-   ✅ 正确格式：
+1. Content must be based on simulation data retrieved through tools
+2. Extensively quote original text to demonstrate simulation results
+3. Use Markdown formatting (but headings are prohibited):
+   - Use **bold text** to mark key points (instead of sub-headings)
+   - Use lists (- or 1.2.3.) to organize key points
+   - Use blank lines to separate different paragraphs
+   - Do NOT use #, ##, ###, #### or any heading syntax
+4. [Quote Formatting Rules - Must Be Standalone Paragraphs]
+   Quotes must be standalone paragraphs with a blank line before and after, and cannot be mixed into paragraphs:
+
+   Correct format:
    ```
-   校方的回应被认为缺乏实质内容。
+   The university's response was considered lacking in substance.
 
-   > "校方的应对模式在瞬息万变的社交媒体环境中显得僵化和迟缓。"
+   > "The university's response pattern appeared rigid and slow in the rapidly changing social media environment."
 
-   这一评价反映了公众的普遍不满。
+   This assessment reflects widespread public dissatisfaction.
    ```
 
-   ❌ 错误格式：
+   Incorrect format:
    ```
-   校方的回应被认为缺乏实质内容。> "校方的应对模式..." 这一评价反映了...
+   The university's response was considered lacking in substance. > "The university's response pattern..." This assessment reflects...
    ```
-5. 保持与其他章节的逻辑连贯性
-6. 【避免重复】仔细阅读下方已完成的章节内容，不要重复描述相同的信息
-7. 【再次强调】不要添加任何标题！用**粗体**代替小节标题"""
+5. Maintain logical coherence with other sections
+6. [Avoid Repetition] Carefully read the completed section content below and do not repeat the same information
+7. [Emphasis] Do not add any headings! Use **bold text** instead of sub-headings"""
 
 SECTION_USER_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """\
-已完成的章节内容（请仔细阅读，避免重复）：
+Completed section content (please read carefully to avoid repetition):
 {previous_content}
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-【当前任务】撰写章节: {section_title}
+[Current Task] Write section: {section_title}
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 
-【重要提醒】
-1. 仔细阅读上方已完成的章节，避免重复相同的内容！
-2. 开始前必须先调用工具获取模拟数据
-3. 请混合使用不同工具，不要只用一种
-4. 报告内容必须来自检索结果，不要使用自己的知识
+[Important Reminders]
+1. Carefully read the completed sections above to avoid repeating the same content!
+2. You must call tools to obtain simulation data before you begin
+3. Please mix different tools; do not use only one type
+4. Report content must come from retrieval results; do not use your own knowledge
 
-【⚠️ 格式警告 - 必须遵守】
-- ❌ 不要写任何标题（#、##、###、####都不行）
-- ❌ 不要写"{section_title}"作为开头
-- ✅ 章节标题由系统自动添加
-- ✅ 直接写正文，用**粗体**代替小节标题
+[Format Warning - Must Follow]
+- Do NOT write any headings (#, ##, ###, #### are all prohibited)
+- Do NOT write "{section_title}" as the opening
+- The section title is automatically added by the system
+- Write body text directly, using **bold text** instead of sub-headings
 
-请开始：
-1. 首先思考（Thought）这个章节需要什么信息
-2. 然后调用工具（Action）获取模拟数据
-3. 收集足够信息后输出 Final Answer（纯正文，无任何标题）"""
+Please begin:
+1. First think (Thought) about what information this section needs
+2. Then call tools (Action) to obtain simulation data
+3. After collecting enough information, output Final Answer (body text only, no headings)
+4. CRITICAL: Write EVERYTHING in English. Translate ALL Chinese quotes and text into English. No Chinese characters allowed in the output."""
 
-# ── ReACT 循环内消息模板 ──
+# ── ReACT Loop Message Templates ──
 
 REACT_OBSERVATION_TEMPLATE = """\
-Observation（检索结果）:
+Observation (retrieval results):
 
-═══ 工具 {tool_name} 返回 ═══
+=== Tool {tool_name} returned ===
 {result}
 
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-已调用工具 {tool_calls_count}/{max_tool_calls} 次（已用: {used_tools_str}）{unused_hint}
-- 如果信息充分：以 "Final Answer:" 开头输出章节内容（必须引用上述原文）
-- 如果需要更多信息：调用一个工具继续检索
+Tools called {tool_calls_count}/{max_tool_calls} times (used: {used_tools_str}){unused_hint}
+- If information is sufficient: output section content starting with "Final Answer:" (must quote the original text above)
+- If more information is needed: call a tool to continue retrieval
+- REMINDER: ALL output must be in English. Translate any Chinese text from tool results into English before including it.
 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════"""
 
 REACT_INSUFFICIENT_TOOLS_MSG = (
-    "【注意】你只调用了{tool_calls_count}次工具，至少需要{min_tool_calls}次。"
-    "请再调用工具获取更多模拟数据，然后再输出 Final Answer。{unused_hint}"
+    "[Notice] You have only called tools {tool_calls_count} times; at least {min_tool_calls} calls are required. "
+    "Please call more tools to obtain additional simulation data before outputting Final Answer.{unused_hint}"
 )
 
 REACT_INSUFFICIENT_TOOLS_MSG_ALT = (
-    "当前只调用了 {tool_calls_count} 次工具，至少需要 {min_tool_calls} 次。"
-    "请调用工具获取模拟数据。{unused_hint}"
+    "Currently only {tool_calls_count} tool calls have been made; at least {min_tool_calls} are required. "
+    "Please call tools to obtain simulation data.{unused_hint}"
 )
 
 REACT_TOOL_LIMIT_MSG = (
-    "工具调用次数已达上限（{tool_calls_count}/{max_tool_calls}），不能再调用工具。"
-    '请立即基于已获取的信息，以 "Final Answer:" 开头输出章节内容。'
+    "Tool call limit reached ({tool_calls_count}/{max_tool_calls}); no more tool calls allowed. "
+    'Please immediately output the section content starting with "Final Answer:" based on the information already obtained.'
 )
 
-REACT_UNUSED_TOOLS_HINT = "\n💡 你还没有使用过: {unused_list}，建议尝试不同工具获取多角度信息"
+REACT_UNUSED_TOOLS_HINT = "\nTip: You have not yet used: {unused_list}. Consider trying different tools to get multi-angle information."
 
-REACT_FORCE_FINAL_MSG = "已达到工具调用限制，请直接输出 Final Answer: 并生成章节内容。"
+REACT_FORCE_FINAL_MSG = "Tool call limit reached. Please output Final Answer: directly and generate the section content."
 
-# ── Chat prompt ──
+# ── Chat Prompt ──
 
 CHAT_SYSTEM_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """\
-你是一个简洁高效的模拟预测助手。
+You are a concise and efficient simulation prediction assistant.
 
-【背景】
-预测条件: {simulation_requirement}
+[Background]
+Prediction conditions: {simulation_requirement}
 
-【已生成的分析报告】
+[Generated Analysis Report]
 {report_content}
 
-【规则】
-1. 优先基于上述报告内容回答问题
-2. 直接回答问题，避免冗长的思考论述
-3. 仅在报告内容不足以回答时，才调用工具检索更多数据
-4. 回答要简洁、清晰、有条理
+[Rules]
+1. Prioritize answering questions based on the report content above
+2. Answer questions directly; avoid lengthy reasoning discussions
+3. Only call tools to retrieve more data when the report content is insufficient to answer
+4. Answers should be concise, clear, and well-organized
 
-【可用工具】（仅在需要时使用，最多调用1-2次）
+[Available Tools] (use only when needed, call at most 1-2 times)
 {tools_description}
 
-【工具调用格式】
+[Tool Call Format]
 <tool_call>
-{{"name": "工具名称", "parameters": {{"参数名": "参数值"}}}}
+{{"name": "tool_name", "parameters": {{"param_name": "param_value"}}}}
 </tool_call>
 
-【回答风格】
-- 简洁直接，不要长篇大论
-- 使用 > 格式引用关键内容
-- 优先给出结论，再解释原因"""
+[Response Style]
+- Concise and direct; do not write lengthy essays
+- Use > format to quote key content
+- Provide conclusions first, then explain the reasoning"""
 
-CHAT_OBSERVATION_SUFFIX = "\n\n请简洁回答问题。"
+CHAT_OBSERVATION_SUFFIX = "\n\nPlease answer the question concisely."
 
 
 # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
@@ -1054,11 +1055,11 @@ def _execute_tool(self, tool_name: str, parameters: Dict[str, Any], report_conte
                 return json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
             
             else:
-                return f"未知工具: {tool_name}。请使用以下工具之一: insight_forge, panorama_search, quick_search"
-                
+                return f"Unknown tool: {tool_name}. Please use one of: insight_forge, panorama_search, quick_search"
+
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"工具执行失败: {tool_name}, 错误: {str(e)}")
-            return f"工具执行失败: {str(e)}"
+            return f"Tool execution failed: {str(e)}"
     
     # 合法的工具名称集合，用于裸 JSON 兜底解析时校验
     VALID_TOOL_NAMES = {"insight_forge", "panorama_search", "quick_search", "interview_agents"}
@@ -1125,12 +1126,12 @@ def _is_valid_tool_call(self, data: dict) -> bool:
     
     def _get_tools_description(self) -> str:
         """生成工具描述文本"""
-        desc_parts = ["可用工具："]
+        desc_parts = ["Available tools:"]
         for name, tool in self.tools.items():
             params_desc = ", ".join([f"{k}: {v}" for k, v in tool["parameters"].items()])
             desc_parts.append(f"- {name}: {tool['description']}")
             if params_desc:
-                desc_parts.append(f"  参数: {params_desc}")
+                desc_parts.append(f"  Parameters: {params_desc}")
         return "\n".join(desc_parts)
     
     def plan_outline(
@@ -1151,7 +1152,7 @@ def plan_outline(
         logger.info("开始规划报告大纲...")
         
         if progress_callback:
-            progress_callback("planning", 0, "正在分析模拟需求...")
+            progress_callback("planning", 0, "Analyzing simulation requirement...")
         
         # 首先获取模拟上下文
         context = self.zep_tools.get_simulation_context(
@@ -1160,7 +1161,7 @@ def plan_outline(
         )
         
         if progress_callback:
-            progress_callback("planning", 30, "正在生成报告大纲...")
+            progress_callback("planning", 30, "Generating report outline...")
         
         system_prompt = PLAN_SYSTEM_PROMPT
         user_prompt = PLAN_USER_PROMPT_TEMPLATE.format(
@@ -1182,7 +1183,7 @@ def plan_outline(
             )
             
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("planning", 80, "正在解析大纲结构...")
+                progress_callback("planning", 80, "Parsing outline structure...")
             
             # 解析大纲
             sections = []
@@ -1193,13 +1194,13 @@ def plan_outline(
                 ))
             
             outline = ReportOutline(
-                title=response.get("title", "模拟分析报告"),
+                title=response.get("title", "Simulation Analysis Report"),
                 summary=response.get("summary", ""),
                 sections=sections
             )
             
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("planning", 100, "大纲规划完成")
+                progress_callback("planning", 100, "Outline planning complete")
             
             logger.info(f"大纲规划完成: {len(sections)} 个章节")
             return outline
@@ -1208,12 +1209,12 @@ def plan_outline(
             logger.error(f"大纲规划失败: {str(e)}")
             # 返回默认大纲（3个章节，作为fallback）
             return ReportOutline(
-                title="未来预测报告",
-                summary="基于模拟预测的未来趋势与风险分析",
+                title="Future Prediction Report",
+                summary="Future trends and risk analysis based on simulation predictions",
                 sections=[
-                    ReportSection(title="预测场景与核心发现"),
-                    ReportSection(title="人群行为预测分析"),
-                    ReportSection(title="趋势展望与风险提示")
+                    ReportSection(title="Predicted Scenarios and Key Findings"),
+                    ReportSection(title="Behavioral Prediction Analysis"),
+                    ReportSection(title="Trend Outlook and Risk Warnings")
                 ]
             )
     
@@ -1590,7 +1591,7 @@ def generate_report(
             self.console_logger = ReportConsoleLogger(report_id)
             
             ReportManager.update_progress(
-                report_id, "pending", 0, "初始化报告...",
+                report_id, "pending", 0, "Initializing report...",
                 completed_sections=[]
             )
             ReportManager.save_report(report)
@@ -1598,15 +1599,15 @@ def generate_report(
             # 阶段1: 规划大纲
             report.status = ReportStatus.PLANNING
             ReportManager.update_progress(
-                report_id, "planning", 5, "开始规划报告大纲...",
+                report_id, "planning", 5, "Starting report outline planning...",
                 completed_sections=[]
             )
-            
+
             # 记录规划开始日志
             self.report_logger.log_planning_start()
-            
+
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("planning", 0, "开始规划报告大纲...")
+                progress_callback("planning", 0, "Starting report outline planning...")
             
             outline = self.plan_outline(
                 progress_callback=lambda stage, prog, msg: 
@@ -1620,7 +1621,7 @@ def generate_report(
             # 保存大纲到文件
             ReportManager.save_outline(report_id, outline)
             ReportManager.update_progress(
-                report_id, "planning", 15, f"大纲规划完成，共{len(outline.sections)}个章节",
+                report_id, "planning", 15, f"Outline planning complete, {len(outline.sections)} sections total",
                 completed_sections=[]
             )
             ReportManager.save_report(report)
@@ -1640,16 +1641,16 @@ def generate_report(
                 # 更新进度
                 ReportManager.update_progress(
                     report_id, "generating", base_progress,
-                    f"正在生成章节: {section.title} ({section_num}/{total_sections})",
+                    f"Generating section: {section.title} ({section_num}/{total_sections})",
                     current_section=section.title,
                     completed_sections=completed_section_titles
                 )
-                
+
                 if progress_callback:
                     progress_callback(
-                        "generating", 
-                        base_progress, 
-                        f"正在生成章节: {section.title} ({section_num}/{total_sections})"
+                        "generating",
+                        base_progress,
+                        f"Generating section: {section.title} ({section_num}/{total_sections})"
                     )
                 
                 # 生成主章节内容
@@ -1687,19 +1688,19 @@ def generate_report(
                 
                 # 更新进度
                 ReportManager.update_progress(
-                    report_id, "generating", 
+                    report_id, "generating",
                     base_progress + int(70 / total_sections),
-                    f"章节 {section.title} 已完成",
+                    f"Section {section.title} complete",
                     current_section=None,
                     completed_sections=completed_section_titles
                 )
             
             # 阶段3: 组装完整报告
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("generating", 95, "正在组装完整报告...")
-            
+                progress_callback("generating", 95, "Assembling full report...")
+
             ReportManager.update_progress(
-                report_id, "generating", 95, "正在组装完整报告...",
+                report_id, "generating", 95, "Assembling full report...",
                 completed_sections=completed_section_titles
             )
             
@@ -1721,12 +1722,12 @@ def generate_report(
             # 保存最终报告
             ReportManager.save_report(report)
             ReportManager.update_progress(
-                report_id, "completed", 100, "报告生成完成",
+                report_id, "completed", 100, "Report generation complete",
                 completed_sections=completed_section_titles
             )
-            
+
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("completed", 100, "报告生成完成")
+                progress_callback("completed", 100, "Report generation complete")
             
             logger.info(f"报告生成完成: {report_id}")
             
@@ -1750,7 +1751,7 @@ def generate_report(
             try:
                 ReportManager.save_report(report)
                 ReportManager.update_progress(
-                    report_id, "failed", -1, f"报告生成失败: {str(e)}",
+                    report_id, "failed", -1, f"Report generation failed: {str(e)}",
                     completed_sections=completed_section_titles
                 )
             except Exception:
diff --git a/backend/app/services/simulation_manager.py b/backend/app/services/simulation_manager.py
index 96c496fd4..5cd8b2a45 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/simulation_manager.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/simulation_manager.py
@@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ def prepare_simulation(
         """
         state = self._load_simulation_state(simulation_id)
         if not state:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
-        
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
+
         try:
             state.status = SimulationStatus.PREPARING
             self._save_simulation_state(state)
@@ -270,12 +270,12 @@ def prepare_simulation(
             
             # ========== 阶段1: 读取并过滤实体 ==========
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("reading", 0, "正在连接Zep图谱...")
+                progress_callback("reading", 0, "Connecting to Zep graph...")
             
             reader = ZepEntityReader()
             
             if progress_callback:
-                progress_callback("reading", 30, "正在读取节点数据...")
+                progress_callback("reading", 30, "Reading node data...")
             
             filtered = reader.filter_defined_entities(
                 graph_id=state.graph_id,
@@ -289,14 +289,14 @@ def prepare_simulation(
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "reading", 100, 
-                    f"完成，共 {filtered.filtered_count} 个实体",
+                    f"Done, {filtered.filtered_count} entities total",
                     current=filtered.filtered_count,
                     total=filtered.filtered_count
                 )
             
             if filtered.filtered_count == 0:
                 state.status = SimulationStatus.FAILED
-                state.error = "没有找到符合条件的实体，请检查图谱是否正确构建"
+                state.error = "No matching entities found, please check that the graph was built correctly"
                 self._save_simulation_state(state)
                 return state
             
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ def prepare_simulation(
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_profiles", 0, 
-                    "开始生成...",
+                    "Starting generation...",
                     current=0,
                     total=total_entities
                 )
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_profiles", 95, 
-                    "保存Profile文件...",
+                    "Saving profile files...",
                     current=total_entities,
                     total=total_entities
                 )
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_profiles", 100, 
-                    f"完成，共 {len(profiles)} 个Profile",
+                    f"Done, {len(profiles)} profiles total",
                     current=len(profiles),
                     total=len(profiles)
                 )
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_config", 0, 
-                    "正在分析模拟需求...",
+                    "Analyzing simulation requirement...",
                     current=0,
                     total=3
                 )
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_config", 30, 
-                    "正在调用LLM生成配置...",
+                    "Calling LLM to generate config...",
                     current=1,
                     total=3
                 )
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_config", 70, 
-                    "正在保存配置文件...",
+                    "Saving config file...",
                     current=2,
                     total=3
                 )
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ def profile_progress(current, total, msg):
             if progress_callback:
                 progress_callback(
                     "generating_config", 100, 
-                    "配置生成完成",
+                    "Config generation complete",
                     current=3,
                     total=3
                 )
@@ -481,8 +481,8 @@ def get_profiles(self, simulation_id: str, platform: str = "reddit") -> List[Dic
         """获取模拟的Agent Profile"""
         state = self._load_simulation_state(simulation_id)
         if not state:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
-        
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
+
         sim_dir = self._get_simulation_dir(simulation_id)
         profile_path = os.path.join(sim_dir, f"{platform}_profiles.json")
         
diff --git a/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py b/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
index 8c35380d1..0e2e0499d 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
@@ -333,14 +333,14 @@ def start_simulation(
         # 检查是否已在运行
         existing = cls.get_run_state(simulation_id)
         if existing and existing.runner_status in [RunnerStatus.RUNNING, RunnerStatus.STARTING]:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟已在运行中: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation is already running: {simulation_id}")
         
         # 加载模拟配置
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         config_path = os.path.join(sim_dir, "simulation_config.json")
         
         if not os.path.exists(config_path):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟配置不存在，请先调用 /prepare 接口")
+            raise ValueError("Simulation config not found, please call /prepare first")
         
         with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
             config = json.load(f)
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def start_simulation(
         # 如果启用图谱记忆更新，创建更新器
         if enable_graph_memory_update:
             if not graph_id:
-                raise ValueError("启用图谱记忆更新时必须提供 graph_id")
+                raise ValueError("graph_id must be provided when enabling graph memory update")
             
             try:
                 ZepGraphMemoryManager.create_updater(simulation_id, graph_id)
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def start_simulation(
         script_path = os.path.join(cls.SCRIPTS_DIR, script_name)
         
         if not os.path.exists(script_path):
-            raise ValueError(f"脚本不存在: {script_path}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Script not found: {script_path}")
         
         # 创建动作队列
         action_queue = Queue()
@@ -773,10 +773,10 @@ def stop_simulation(cls, simulation_id: str) -> SimulationRunState:
         """停止模拟"""
         state = cls.get_run_state(simulation_id)
         if not state:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
-        
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
+
         if state.runner_status not in [RunnerStatus.RUNNING, RunnerStatus.PAUSED]:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟未在运行: {simulation_id}, status={state.runner_status}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation is not running: {simulation_id}, status={state.runner_status}")
         
         state.runner_status = RunnerStatus.STOPPING
         cls._save_run_state(state)
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ def cleanup_simulation_logs(cls, simulation_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
-            return {"success": True, "message": "模拟目录不存在，无需清理"}
+            return {"success": True, "message": "Simulation directory does not exist, nothing to clean"}
         
         cleaned_files = []
         errors = []
@@ -1450,12 +1450,12 @@ def interview_agent(
         """
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
 
         ipc_client = SimulationIPCClient(sim_dir)
 
         if not ipc_client.check_env_alive():
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟环境未运行或已关闭，无法执行Interview: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation environment is not running or has been closed, cannot execute Interview: {simulation_id}")
 
         logger.info(f"发送Interview命令: simulation_id={simulation_id}, agent_id={agent_id}, platform={platform}")
 
@@ -1512,12 +1512,12 @@ def interview_agents_batch(
         """
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
 
         ipc_client = SimulationIPCClient(sim_dir)
 
         if not ipc_client.check_env_alive():
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟环境未运行或已关闭，无法执行Interview: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation environment is not running or has been closed, cannot execute Interview: {simulation_id}")
 
         logger.info(f"发送批量Interview命令: simulation_id={simulation_id}, count={len(interviews)}, platform={platform}")
 
@@ -1569,19 +1569,19 @@ def interview_all_agents(
         """
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
 
         # 从配置文件获取所有Agent信息
         config_path = os.path.join(sim_dir, "simulation_config.json")
         if not os.path.exists(config_path):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟配置不存在: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation config not found: {simulation_id}")
 
         with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
             config = json.load(f)
 
         agent_configs = config.get("agent_configs", [])
         if not agent_configs:
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟配置中没有Agent: {simulation_id}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation config contains no agents: {simulation_id}")
 
         # 构建批量采访列表
         interviews = []
@@ -1622,24 +1622,24 @@ def close_simulation_env(
         """
         sim_dir = os.path.join(cls.RUN_STATE_DIR, simulation_id)
         if not os.path.exists(sim_dir):
-            raise ValueError(f"模拟不存在: {simulation_id}")
-        
+            raise ValueError(f"Simulation not found: {simulation_id}")
+
         ipc_client = SimulationIPCClient(sim_dir)
-        
+
         if not ipc_client.check_env_alive():
             return {
                 "success": True,
-                "message": "环境已经关闭"
+                "message": "Environment is already closed"
             }
-        
+
         logger.info(f"发送关闭环境命令: simulation_id={simulation_id}")
-        
+
         try:
             response = ipc_client.send_close_env(timeout=timeout)
-            
+
             return {
                 "success": response.status.value == "completed",
-                "message": "环境关闭命令已发送",
+                "message": "Environment close command sent",
                 "result": response.result,
                 "timestamp": response.timestamp
             }
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ def close_simulation_env(
             # 超时可能是因为环境正在关闭
             return {
                 "success": True,
-                "message": "环境关闭命令已发送（等待响应超时，环境可能正在关闭）"
+                "message": "Environment close command sent (response timed out, environment may be closing)"
             }
     
     @classmethod
diff --git a/backend/app/services/zep_tools.py b/backend/app/services/zep_tools.py
index 384cf540f..6b242cf6a 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/zep_tools.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/zep_tools.py
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         """转换为文本格式，供LLM理解"""
-        text_parts = [f"搜索查询: {self.query}", f"找到 {self.total_count} 条相关信息"]
-        
+        text_parts = [f"Search query: {self.query}", f"Found {self.total_count} relevant items"]
+
         if self.facts:
-            text_parts.append("\n### 相关事实:")
+            text_parts.append("\n### Related facts:")
             for i, fact in enumerate(self.facts, 1):
                 text_parts.append(f"{i}. {fact}")
         
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         """转换为文本格式"""
-        entity_type = next((l for l in self.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "未知类型")
-        return f"实体: {self.name} (类型: {entity_type})\n摘要: {self.summary}"
+        entity_type = next((l for l in self.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "Unknown type")
+        return f"Entity: {self.name} (type: {entity_type})\nSummary: {self.summary}"
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -112,14 +112,14 @@ def to_text(self, include_temporal: bool = False) -> str:
         """转换为文本格式"""
         source = self.source_node_name or self.source_node_uuid[:8]
         target = self.target_node_name or self.target_node_uuid[:8]
-        base_text = f"关系: {source} --[{self.name}]--> {target}\n事实: {self.fact}"
-        
+        base_text = f"Relation: {source} --[{self.name}]--> {target}\nFact: {self.fact}"
+
         if include_temporal:
-            valid_at = self.valid_at or "未知"
-            invalid_at = self.invalid_at or "至今"
-            base_text += f"\n时效: {valid_at} - {invalid_at}"
+            valid_at = self.valid_at or "unknown"
+            invalid_at = self.invalid_at or "present"
+            base_text += f"\nValidity: {valid_at} - {invalid_at}"
             if self.expired_at:
-                base_text += f" (已过期: {self.expired_at})"
+                base_text += f" (expired: {self.expired_at})"
         
         return base_text
     
@@ -170,40 +170,40 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         """转换为详细的文本格式，供LLM理解"""
         text_parts = [
-            f"## 未来预测深度分析",
-            f"分析问题: {self.query}",
-            f"预测场景: {self.simulation_requirement}",
-            f"\n### 预测数据统计",
-            f"- 相关预测事实: {self.total_facts}条",
-            f"- 涉及实体: {self.total_entities}个",
-            f"- 关系链: {self.total_relationships}条"
+            f"## Deep Future Prediction Analysis",
+            f"Analysis query: {self.query}",
+            f"Prediction scenario: {self.simulation_requirement}",
+            f"\n### Prediction Data Statistics",
+            f"- Relevant prediction facts: {self.total_facts}",
+            f"- Entities involved: {self.total_entities}",
+            f"- Relationship chains: {self.total_relationships}"
         ]
-        
+
         # 子问题
         if self.sub_queries:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 分析的子问题")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### Sub-queries analyzed")
             for i, sq in enumerate(self.sub_queries, 1):
                 text_parts.append(f"{i}. {sq}")
-        
+
         # 语义搜索结果
         if self.semantic_facts:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【关键事实】(请在报告中引用这些原文)")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Key Facts] (please cite these verbatim in the report)")
             for i, fact in enumerate(self.semantic_facts, 1):
                 text_parts.append(f"{i}. \"{fact}\"")
-        
+
         # 实体洞察
         if self.entity_insights:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【核心实体】")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Core Entities]")
             for entity in self.entity_insights:
-                text_parts.append(f"- **{entity.get('name', '未知')}** ({entity.get('type', '实体')})")
+                text_parts.append(f"- **{entity.get('name', 'Unknown')}** ({entity.get('type', 'Entity')})")
                 if entity.get('summary'):
-                    text_parts.append(f"  摘要: \"{entity.get('summary')}\"")
+                    text_parts.append(f"  Summary: \"{entity.get('summary')}\"")
                 if entity.get('related_facts'):
-                    text_parts.append(f"  相关事实: {len(entity.get('related_facts', []))}条")
-        
+                    text_parts.append(f"  Related facts: {len(entity.get('related_facts', []))}")
+
         # 关系链
         if self.relationship_chains:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【关系链】")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Relationship Chains]")
             for chain in self.relationship_chains:
                 text_parts.append(f"- {chain}")
         
@@ -249,32 +249,32 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         """转换为文本格式（完整版本，不截断）"""
         text_parts = [
-            f"## 广度搜索结果（未来全景视图）",
-            f"查询: {self.query}",
-            f"\n### 统计信息",
-            f"- 总节点数: {self.total_nodes}",
-            f"- 总边数: {self.total_edges}",
-            f"- 当前有效事实: {self.active_count}条",
-            f"- 历史/过期事实: {self.historical_count}条"
+            f"## Breadth Search Results (Future Panorama View)",
+            f"Query: {self.query}",
+            f"\n### Statistics",
+            f"- Total nodes: {self.total_nodes}",
+            f"- Total edges: {self.total_edges}",
+            f"- Currently active facts: {self.active_count}",
+            f"- Historical/expired facts: {self.historical_count}"
         ]
-        
+
         # 当前有效的事实（完整输出，不截断）
         if self.active_facts:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【当前有效事实】(模拟结果原文)")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Currently Active Facts] (verbatim simulation results)")
             for i, fact in enumerate(self.active_facts, 1):
                 text_parts.append(f"{i}. \"{fact}\"")
-        
+
         # 历史/过期事实（完整输出，不截断）
         if self.historical_facts:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【历史/过期事实】(演变过程记录)")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Historical/Expired Facts] (evolution record)")
             for i, fact in enumerate(self.historical_facts, 1):
                 text_parts.append(f"{i}. \"{fact}\"")
-        
+
         # 关键实体（完整输出，不截断）
         if self.all_nodes:
-            text_parts.append(f"\n### 【涉及实体】")
+            text_parts.append(f"\n### [Entities Involved]")
             for node in self.all_nodes:
-                entity_type = next((l for l in node.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "实体")
+                entity_type = next((l for l in node.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "Entity")
                 text_parts.append(f"- **{node.name}** ({entity_type})")
         
         return "\n".join(text_parts)
@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         text = f"**{self.agent_name}** ({self.agent_role})\n"
         # 显示完整的agent_bio，不截断
-        text += f"_简介: {self.agent_bio}_\n\n"
+        text += f"_Bio: {self.agent_bio}_\n\n"
         text += f"**Q:** {self.question}\n\n"
         text += f"**A:** {self.response}\n"
         if self.key_quotes:
-            text += "\n**关键引言:**\n"
+            text += "\n**Key quotes:**\n"
             for quote in self.key_quotes:
                 # 清理各种引号
                 clean_quote = quote.replace('\u201c', '').replace('\u201d', '').replace('"', '')
@@ -374,25 +374,25 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     def to_text(self) -> str:
         """转换为详细的文本格式，供LLM理解和报告引用"""
         text_parts = [
-            "## 深度采访报告",
-            f"**采访主题:** {self.interview_topic}",
-            f"**采访人数:** {self.interviewed_count} / {self.total_agents} 位模拟Agent",
-            "\n### 采访对象选择理由",
-            self.selection_reasoning or "（自动选择）",
+            "## In-Depth Interview Report",
+            f"**Interview topic:** {self.interview_topic}",
+            f"**Interviews conducted:** {self.interviewed_count} / {self.total_agents} simulated agents",
+            "\n### Agent selection reasoning",
+            self.selection_reasoning or "(auto-selected)",
             "\n---",
-            "\n### 采访实录",
+            "\n### Interview transcripts",
         ]
 
         if self.interviews:
             for i, interview in enumerate(self.interviews, 1):
-                text_parts.append(f"\n#### 采访 #{i}: {interview.agent_name}")
+                text_parts.append(f"\n#### Interview #{i}: {interview.agent_name}")
                 text_parts.append(interview.to_text())
                 text_parts.append("\n---")
         else:
-            text_parts.append("（无采访记录）\n\n---")
+            text_parts.append("(No interview records)\n\n---")
 
-        text_parts.append("\n### 采访摘要与核心观点")
-        text_parts.append(self.summary or "（无摘要）")
+        text_parts.append("\n### Interview summary and key viewpoints")
+        text_parts.append(self.summary or "(No summary)")
 
         return "\n".join(text_parts)
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class ZepToolsService:
     def __init__(self, api_key: Optional[str] = None, llm_client: Optional[LLMClient] = None):
         self.api_key = api_key or Config.ZEP_API_KEY
         if not self.api_key:
-            raise ValueError("ZEP_API_KEY 未配置")
+            raise ValueError("ZEP_API_KEY not configured")
         
         self.client = Zep(api_key=self.api_key)
         # LLM客户端用于InsightForge生成子问题
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ def insight_forge(
                 node = self.get_node_detail(uuid)
                 if node:
                     node_map[uuid] = node
-                    entity_type = next((l for l in node.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "实体")
+                    entity_type = next((l for l in node.labels if l not in ["Entity", "Node"]), "Entity")
                     
                     # 获取该实体相关的所有事实（不截断）
                     related_facts = [
@@ -1200,8 +1200,8 @@ def panorama_search(
             
             if is_historical:
                 # 历史/过期事实，添加时间标记
-                valid_at = edge.valid_at or "未知"
-                invalid_at = edge.invalid_at or edge.expired_at or "未知"
+                valid_at = edge.valid_at or "unknown"
+                invalid_at = edge.invalid_at or edge.expired_at or "unknown"
                 fact_with_time = f"[{valid_at} - {invalid_at}] {edge.fact}"
                 historical_facts.append(fact_with_time)
             else:
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ def interview_agents(
         
         if not profiles:
             logger.warning(f"未找到模拟 {simulation_id} 的人设文件")
-            result.summary = "未找到可采访的Agent人设文件"
+            result.summary = "No agent profile files found for interview"
             return result
         
         result.total_agents = len(profiles)
@@ -1350,15 +1350,15 @@ def interview_agents(
         
         # 添加优化前缀，约束Agent回复格式
         INTERVIEW_PROMPT_PREFIX = (
-            "你正在接受一次采访。请结合你的人设、所有的过往记忆与行动，"
-            "以纯文本方式直接回答以下问题。\n"
-            "回复要求：\n"
-            "1. 直接用自然语言回答，不要调用任何工具\n"
-            "2. 不要返回JSON格式或工具调用格式\n"
-            "3. 不要使用Markdown标题（如#、##、###）\n"
-            "4. 按问题编号逐一回答，每个回答以「问题X：」开头（X为问题编号）\n"
-            "5. 每个问题的回答之间用空行分隔\n"
-            "6. 回答要有实质内容，每个问题至少回答2-3句话\n\n"
+            "You are being interviewed. Based on your persona, all past memories and actions, "
+            "please answer the following questions directly in plain text.\n"
+            "Response requirements:\n"
+            "1. Answer directly in natural language; do not call any tools\n"
+            "2. Do not return JSON format or tool call format\n"
+            "3. Do not use Markdown headings (such as #, ##, ###)\n"
+            "4. Answer each question in order, starting each answer with 'Question X:' (X is the question number)\n"
+            "5. Separate answers to different questions with blank lines\n"
+            "6. Answers should have substantive content; answer each question with at least 2-3 sentences\n\n"
         )
         optimized_prompt = f"{INTERVIEW_PROMPT_PREFIX}{combined_prompt}"
         
@@ -1387,9 +1387,9 @@ def interview_agents(
             
             # 检查API调用是否成功
             if not api_result.get("success", False):
-                error_msg = api_result.get("error", "未知错误")
+                error_msg = api_result.get("error", "Unknown error")
                 logger.warning(f"采访API返回失败: {error_msg}")
-                result.summary = f"采访API调用失败：{error_msg}。请检查OASIS模拟环境状态。"
+                result.summary = f"Interview API call failed: {error_msg}. Please check OASIS simulation environment status."
                 return result
             
             # Step 5: 解析API返回结果，构建AgentInterview对象
@@ -1400,7 +1400,7 @@ def interview_agents(
             for i, agent_idx in enumerate(selected_indices):
                 agent = selected_agents[i]
                 agent_name = agent.get("realname", agent.get("username", f"Agent_{agent_idx}"))
-                agent_role = agent.get("profession", "未知")
+                agent_role = agent.get("profession", "Unknown")
                 agent_bio = agent.get("bio", "")
                 
                 # 获取该Agent在两个平台的采访结果
@@ -1415,9 +1415,9 @@ def interview_agents(
                 reddit_response = self._clean_tool_call_response(reddit_response)
 
                 # 始终输出双平台标记
-                twitter_text = twitter_response if twitter_response else "（该平台未获得回复）"
-                reddit_text = reddit_response if reddit_response else "（该平台未获得回复）"
-                response_text = f"【Twitter平台回答】\n{twitter_text}\n\n【Reddit平台回答】\n{reddit_text}"
+                twitter_text = twitter_response if twitter_response else "(No response from this platform)"
+                reddit_text = reddit_response if reddit_response else "(No response from this platform)"
+                response_text = f"[Twitter Platform Response]\n{twitter_text}\n\n[Reddit Platform Response]\n{reddit_text}"
 
                 # 提取关键引言（从两个平台的回答中）
                 import re
@@ -1462,13 +1462,13 @@ def interview_agents(
         except ValueError as e:
             # 模拟环境未运行
             logger.warning(f"采访API调用失败（环境未运行？）: {e}")
-            result.summary = f"采访失败：{str(e)}。模拟环境可能已关闭，请确保OASIS环境正在运行。"
+            result.summary = f"Interview failed: {str(e)}. The simulation environment may have been closed, please ensure OASIS environment is running."
             return result
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"采访API调用异常: {e}")
             import traceback
             logger.error(traceback.format_exc())
-            result.summary = f"采访过程发生错误：{str(e)}"
+            result.summary = f"An error occurred during the interview: {str(e)}"
             return result
         
         # Step 6: 生成采访摘要
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ def _load_agent_profiles(self, simulation_id: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
                             "username": row.get("username", ""),
                             "bio": row.get("description", ""),
                             "persona": row.get("user_char", ""),
-                            "profession": "未知"
+                            "profession": "Unknown"
                         })
                 logger.info(f"从 twitter_profiles.csv 加载了 {len(profiles)} 个人设")
                 return profiles
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ def _select_agents_for_interview(
             summary = {
                 "index": i,
                 "name": profile.get("realname", profile.get("username", f"Agent_{i}")),
-                "profession": profile.get("profession", "未知"),
+                "profession": profile.get("profession", "Unknown"),
                 "bio": profile.get("bio", "")[:200],
                 "interested_topics": profile.get("interested_topics", [])
             }
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ def _select_agents_for_interview(
             )
             
             selected_indices = response.get("selected_indices", [])[:max_agents]
-            reasoning = response.get("reasoning", "基于相关性自动选择")
+            reasoning = response.get("reasoning", "Auto-selected based on relevance")
             
             # 获取选中的Agent完整信息
             selected_agents = []
@@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ def _select_agents_for_interview(
             # 降级：选择前N个
             selected = profiles[:max_agents]
             indices = list(range(min(max_agents, len(profiles))))
-            return selected, indices, "使用默认选择策略"
+            return selected, indices, "Using default selection strategy"
     
     def _generate_interview_questions(
         self,
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ def _generate_interview_questions(
     ) -> List[str]:
         """使用LLM生成采访问题"""
         
-        agent_roles = [a.get("profession", "未知") for a in selected_agents]
+        agent_roles = [a.get("profession", "Unknown") for a in selected_agents]
         
         system_prompt = """你是一个专业的记者/采访者。根据采访需求，生成3-5个深度采访问题。
 
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ def _generate_interview_summary(
         """生成采访摘要"""
         
         if not interviews:
-            return "未完成任何采访"
+            return "No interviews completed"
         
         # 收集所有采访内容
         interview_texts = []
@@ -1732,4 +1732,4 @@ def _generate_interview_summary(
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(f"生成采访摘要失败: {e}")
             # 降级：简单拼接
-            return f"共采访了{len(interviews)}位受访者，包括：" + "、".join([i.agent_name for i in interviews])
+            return f"Interviewed {len(interviews)} respondents, including: " + ", ".join([i.agent_name for i in interviews])
diff --git a/frontend/index.html b/frontend/index.html
index 009c924a4..4f24f76ee 100644
--- a/frontend/index.html
+++ b/frontend/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html lang="en">
   <head>
     <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
     <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
     <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/icon.png" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-    <meta name="description" content="MiroFish - 社交媒体舆论模拟系统" />
-    <title>MiroFish - 预测万物</title>
+    <meta name="description" content="MiroFish - Social Media Opinion Simulation System" />
+    <title>MiroFish - Predict Anything</title>
   </head>
   <body>
     <div id="app"></div>
diff --git a/frontend/package-lock.json b/frontend/package-lock.json
index 8c4fa710d..3edf33957 100644
--- a/frontend/package-lock.json
+++ b/frontend/package-lock.json
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
         "axios": "^1.13.2",
         "d3": "^7.9.0",
         "vue": "^3.5.24",
+        "vue-i18n": "^9.14.5",
         "vue-router": "^4.6.3"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
@@ -506,6 +507,50 @@
         "node": ">=18"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/core-base": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/core-base/-/core-base-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5ah5FqZG4pOoHjkvs8mjtv+gPKYU0zCISaYNjBNNqYiaITxW8ZtVih3GS/oTOqN8d9/mDLyrjD46GBApNxmlsA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/message-compiler": "9.14.5",
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/message-compiler": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/message-compiler/-/message-compiler-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IHzgEu61/YIpQV5Pc3aRWScDcnFKWvQA9kigcINcCBXN8mbW+vk9SK+lDxA6STzKQsVJxUPg9ACC52pKKo3SVQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5",
+        "source-map-js": "^1.0.2"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@intlify/shared": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@intlify/shared/-/shared-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9gB+E53BYuAEMhbCAxVgG38EZrk59sxBtv3jSizNL2hEWlgjBjAw1AwpLHtNaeda12pe6W20OGEa0TwuMSRbyQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec": {
       "version": "1.5.5",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@jridgewell/sourcemap-codec/-/sourcemap-codec-1.5.5.tgz",
@@ -2035,6 +2080,27 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/vue-i18n": {
+      "version": "9.14.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vue-i18n/-/vue-i18n-9.14.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0jQ9Em3ymWngyiIkj0+c/k7WgaPO+TNzjKSNq9BvBQaKJECqn9cd9fL4tkDhB5G1QBskGl9YxxbDAhgbFtpe2g==",
+      "deprecated": "v9 and v10 no longer supported. please migrate to v11. about maintenance status, see https://vue-i18n.intlify.dev/guide/maintenance.html",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@intlify/core-base": "9.14.5",
+        "@intlify/shared": "9.14.5",
+        "@vue/devtools-api": "^6.5.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">= 16"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/kazupon"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "vue": "^3.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/vue-router": {
       "version": "4.6.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vue-router/-/vue-router-4.6.3.tgz",
diff --git a/frontend/package.json b/frontend/package.json
index f7e995a14..7e05e8918 100644
--- a/frontend/package.json
+++ b/frontend/package.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     "axios": "^1.13.2",
     "d3": "^7.9.0",
     "vue": "^3.5.24",
+    "vue-i18n": "^9.14.5",
     "vue-router": "^4.6.3"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue b/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
index 314c966e4..d5e68cb4f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
       <span class="panel-title">Graph Relationship Visualization</span>
       <!-- 顶部工具栏 (Internal Top Right) -->
       <div class="header-tools">
-        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('refresh')" :disabled="loading" title="刷新图谱">
+        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('refresh')" :disabled="loading" :title="$t('graphPanel.refresh')">
           <span class="icon-refresh" :class="{ 'spinning': loading }">↻</span>
           <span class="btn-text">Refresh</span>
         </button>
-        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('toggle-maximize')" title="最大化/还原">
+        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('toggle-maximize')" :title="$t('graphPanel.maximize')">
           <span class="icon-maximize">⛶</span>
         </button>
       </div>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
               <path d="M14.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 4.5v15a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.96.44 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.96-3.08 3 3 0 0 0 .34-5.58 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.32-4.24 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-4.44-4.04z" />
             </svg>
           </div>
-          {{ isSimulating ? 'GraphRAG长短期记忆实时更新中' : '实时更新中...' }}
+          {{ isSimulating ? $t('graphPanel.hintSimulation') : $t('graphPanel.hintBuild') }}
         </div>
         
         <!-- 模拟结束后的提示 -->
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
               <line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12.01" y2="8"></line>
             </svg>
           </div>
-          <span class="hint-text">还有少量内容处理中，建议稍后手动刷新图谱</span>
-          <button class="hint-close-btn" @click="dismissFinishedHint" title="关闭提示">
+          <span class="hint-text">{{ $t('graphPanel.hintFinished') }}</span>
+          <button class="hint-close-btn" @click="dismissFinishedHint">
             <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="14" height="14" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
               <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"></line>
               <line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"></line>
@@ -203,13 +203,13 @@
       <!-- 加载状态 -->
       <div v-else-if="loading" class="graph-state">
         <div class="loading-spinner"></div>
-        <p>图谱数据加载中...</p>
+        <p>{{ $t('graphPanel.loadingGraph') }}</p>
       </div>
       
       <!-- 等待/空状态 -->
       <div v-else class="graph-state">
         <div class="empty-icon">❖</div>
-        <p class="empty-text">等待本体生成...</p>
+        <p class="empty-text">{{ $t('graphPanel.waitingOntology') }}</p>
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick, computed } from 'vue'
 import * as d3 from 'd3'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+
+const { t } = useI18n()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   graphData: Object,
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue b/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
index edc73f46b..5ae050810 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <!-- 标题区域 -->
     <div class="section-header">
       <div class="section-line"></div>
-      <span class="section-title">推演记录</span>
+      <span class="section-title">{{ $t('history.title') }}</span>
       <div class="section-line"></div>
     </div>
 
@@ -36,16 +36,16 @@
             <span 
               class="status-icon" 
               :class="{ available: project.project_id, unavailable: !project.project_id }"
-              title="图谱构建"
+              :title="$t('history.graphBuild')"
             >◇</span>
-            <span 
-              class="status-icon available" 
-              title="环境搭建"
+            <span
+              class="status-icon available"
+              :title="$t('history.envSetup')"
             >◈</span>
-            <span 
-              class="status-icon" 
+            <span
+              class="status-icon"
               :class="{ available: project.report_id, unavailable: !project.report_id }"
-              title="分析报告"
+              :title="$t('history.report')"
             >◆</span>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
             </div>
             <!-- 如果有更多文件，显示提示 -->
             <div v-if="project.files.length > 3" class="files-more">
-              +{{ project.files.length - 3 }} 个文件
+              {{ $t('history.filesMore', { n: project.files.length - 3 }) }}
             </div>
           </div>
           <!-- 无文件时的占位 -->
           <div class="files-empty" v-else>
             <span class="empty-file-icon">◇</span>
-            <span class="empty-file-text">暂无文件</span>
+            <span class="empty-file-text">{{ $t('history.noFiles') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
     <!-- 加载状态 -->
     <div v-if="loading" class="loading-state">
       <span class="loading-spinner"></span>
-      <span class="loading-text">加载中...</span>
+      <span class="loading-text">{{ $t('common.loading') }}</span>
     </div>
 
     <!-- 历史回放详情弹窗 -->
@@ -126,62 +126,62 @@
             <div class="modal-body">
               <!-- 模拟需求 -->
               <div class="modal-section">
-                <div class="modal-label">模拟需求</div>
-                <div class="modal-requirement">{{ selectedProject.simulation_requirement || '无' }}</div>
+                <div class="modal-label">{{ $t('history.requirement') }}</div>
+                <div class="modal-requirement">{{ selectedProject.simulation_requirement || $t('common.none') }}</div>
               </div>
 
               <!-- 文件列表 -->
               <div class="modal-section">
-                <div class="modal-label">关联文件</div>
+                <div class="modal-label">{{ $t('history.relatedFiles') }}</div>
                 <div class="modal-files" v-if="selectedProject.files && selectedProject.files.length > 0">
                   <div v-for="(file, index) in selectedProject.files" :key="index" class="modal-file-item">
                     <span class="file-tag" :class="getFileType(file.filename)">{{ getFileTypeLabel(file.filename) }}</span>
                     <span class="modal-file-name">{{ file.filename }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
-                <div class="modal-empty" v-else>暂无关联文件</div>
+                <div class="modal-empty" v-else>{{ $t('history.noRelatedFiles') }}</div>
               </div>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 推演回放分割线 -->
             <div class="modal-divider">
               <span class="divider-line"></span>
-              <span class="divider-text">推演回放</span>
+              <span class="divider-text">{{ $t('history.playback') }}</span>
               <span class="divider-line"></span>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 导航按钮 -->
             <div class="modal-actions">
-              <button 
-                class="modal-btn btn-project" 
+              <button
+                class="modal-btn btn-project"
                 @click="goToProject"
                 :disabled="!selectedProject.project_id"
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step1</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◇</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">图谱构建</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ $t('history.goToGraphBuild') }}</span>
               </button>
-              <button 
-                class="modal-btn btn-simulation" 
+              <button
+                class="modal-btn btn-simulation"
                 @click="goToSimulation"
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step2</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◈</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">环境搭建</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ $t('history.goToEnvSetup') }}</span>
               </button>
-              <button 
-                class="modal-btn btn-report" 
+              <button
+                class="modal-btn btn-report"
                 @click="goToReport"
                 :disabled="!selectedProject.report_id"
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step4</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◆</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">分析报告</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ $t('history.goToReport') }}</span>
               </button>
             </div>
             <!-- 不可回放提示 -->
             <div class="modal-playback-hint">
-              <span class="hint-text">Step3「开始模拟」与 Step5「深度互动」需在运行中启动，不支持历史回放</span>
+              <span class="hint-text">{{ $t('history.playbackHint') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -193,10 +193,12 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, onActivated, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter, useRoute } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { getSimulationHistory } from '../api/simulation'
 
 const router = useRouter()
 const route = useRoute()
+const { t } = useI18n()
 
 // 状态
 const projects = ref([])
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ const truncateText = (text, maxLength) => {
 
 // 从模拟需求生成标题（取前20字）
 const getSimulationTitle = (requirement) => {
-  if (!requirement) return '未命名模拟'
+  if (!requirement) return t('history.unnamed')
   const title = requirement.slice(0, 20)
   return requirement.length > 20 ? title + '...' : title
 }
@@ -353,8 +355,8 @@ const formatSimulationId = (simulationId) => {
 const formatRounds = (simulation) => {
   const current = simulation.current_round || 0
   const total = simulation.total_rounds || 0
-  if (total === 0) return '未开始'
-  return `${current}/${total} 轮`
+  if (total === 0) return t('common.notStarted')
+  return t('history.roundsDisplay', { current, total })
 }
 
 // 获取文件类型（用于样式）
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ const getFileTypeLabel = (filename) => {
 
 // 截断文件名（保留扩展名）
 const truncateFilename = (filename, maxLength) => {
-  if (!filename) return '未知文件'
+  if (!filename) return t('common.unknownFile')
   if (filename.length <= maxLength) return filename
   
   const ext = filename.includes('.') ? '.' + filename.split('.').pop() : ''
@@ -443,7 +445,7 @@ const loadHistory = async () => {
       projects.value = response.data || []
     }
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error('加载历史项目失败:', error)
+    console.error('Failed to load history projects:', error)
     projects.value = []
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
index de33a3fd1..08e548853 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
@@ -6,25 +6,25 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">01</span>
-            <span class="step-title">本体生成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step1.ontologyTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase > 0" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 0" class="badge processing">生成中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase > 0" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 0" class="badge processing">{{ $t('common.generating') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/graph/ontology/generate</p>
           <p class="description">
-            LLM分析文档内容与模拟需求，提取出现实种子，自动生成合适的本体结构
+            {{ $t('step1.ontologyDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <!-- Loading / Progress -->
           <div v-if="currentPhase === 0 && ontologyProgress" class="progress-section">
             <div class="spinner-sm"></div>
-            <span>{{ ontologyProgress.message || '正在分析文档...' }}</span>
+            <span>{{ ontologyProgress.message || $t('step1.analyzingDocs') }}</span>
           </div>
 
           <!-- Detail Overlay -->
@@ -110,34 +110,34 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">02</span>
-            <span class="step-title">GraphRAG构建</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step1.graphBuildTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase > 1" class="badge success">已完成</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase > 1" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
             <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 1" class="badge processing">{{ buildProgress?.progress || 0 }}%</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/graph/build</p>
           <p class="description">
-            基于生成的本体，将文档自动分块后调用 Zep 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系，并形成时序记忆与社区摘要
+            {{ $t('step1.graphBuildDesc') }}
           </p>
           
           <!-- Stats Cards -->
           <div class="stats-grid">
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.nodes }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">实体节点</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step1.entityNodes') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.edges }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">关系边</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step1.edges') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.types }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">SCHEMA类型</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step1.schemaTypes') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -148,23 +148,23 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">03</span>
-            <span class="step-title">构建完成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step1.buildCompleteTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase >= 2" class="badge accent">进行中</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase >= 2" class="badge accent">{{ $t('common.inProgress') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/create</p>
-          <p class="description">图谱构建已完成，请进入下一步进行模拟环境搭建</p>
+          <p class="description">{{ $t('step1.buildCompleteDesc') }}</p>
           <button 
             class="action-btn" 
             :disabled="currentPhase < 2 || creatingSimulation"
             @click="handleEnterEnvSetup"
           >
             <span v-if="creatingSimulation" class="spinner-sm"></span>
-            {{ creatingSimulation ? '创建中...' : '进入环境搭建 ➝' }}
+            {{ creatingSimulation ? $t('step1.creating') : $t('step1.enterEnvSetup') }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -190,8 +190,10 @@
 import { computed, ref, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { createSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { t } = useI18n()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   currentPhase: { type: Number, default: 0 },
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ const creatingSimulation = ref(false)
 // 进入环境搭建 - 创建 simulation 并跳转
 const handleEnterEnvSetup = async () => {
   if (!props.projectData?.project_id || !props.projectData?.graph_id) {
-    console.error('缺少项目或图谱信息')
+    console.error(t('step1.missingInfo'))
     return
   }
   
@@ -232,12 +234,12 @@ const handleEnterEnvSetup = async () => {
         params: { simulationId: res.data.simulation_id }
       })
     } else {
-      console.error('创建模拟失败:', res.error)
-      alert('创建模拟失败: ' + (res.error || '未知错误'))
+      console.error(t('step1.createSimFailed'), res.error)
+      alert(t('step1.createSimFailed') + (res.error || t('common.unknownError')))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    console.error('创建模拟异常:', err)
-    alert('创建模拟异常: ' + err.message)
+    console.error(t('step1.createSimError'), err)
+    alert(t('step1.createSimError') + err.message)
   } finally {
     creatingSimulation.value = false
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
index eae776aaf..1e6a103e7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">01</span>
-            <span class="step-title">模拟实例初始化</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step2.initTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 0" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge processing">初始化</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 0" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge processing">{{ $t('step2.initBadge') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/create</p>
           <p class="description">
-            新建simulation实例，拉取模拟世界参数模版
+            {{ $t('step2.initDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <div v-if="simulationId" class="info-card">
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             </div>
             <div class="info-row">
               <span class="info-label">Task ID</span>
-              <span class="info-value mono">{{ taskId || '异步任务已完成' }}</span>
+              <span class="info-value mono">{{ taskId || $t('step2.taskCompleted') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -46,41 +46,41 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">02</span>
-            <span class="step-title">生成 Agent 人设</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step2.profileTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 1" class="badge success">已完成</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 1" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
             <span v-else-if="phase === 1" class="badge processing">{{ prepareProgress }}%</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            结合上下文，自动调用工具从知识图谱梳理实体与关系，初始化模拟个体，并基于现实种子赋予他们独特的行为与记忆
+            {{ $t('step2.profileDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <!-- Profiles Stats -->
           <div v-if="profiles.length > 0" class="stats-grid">
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ profiles.length }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">当前Agent数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step2.currentAgents') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ expectedTotal || '-' }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">预期Agent总数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step2.expectedAgents') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ totalTopicsCount }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">现实种子当前关联话题数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ $t('step2.relatedTopics') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           <!-- Profiles List Preview -->
           <div v-if="profiles.length > 0" class="profiles-preview">
             <div class="preview-header">
-              <span class="preview-title">已生成的 Agent 人设</span>
+              <span class="preview-title">{{ $t('step2.generatedProfiles') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="profiles-list">
               <div 
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@
                   <span class="profile-username">@{{ profile.name || `agent_${idx}` }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="profile-meta">
-                  <span class="profile-profession">{{ profile.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                  <span class="profile-profession">{{ profile.profession || $t('common.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                 </div>
-                <p class="profile-bio">{{ profile.bio || '暂无简介' }}</p>
+                <p class="profile-bio">{{ profile.bio || $t('common.noBio') }}</p>
                 <div v-if="profile.interested_topics?.length" class="profile-topics">
                   <span 
                     v-for="topic in profile.interested_topics.slice(0, 3)" 
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">03</span>
-            <span class="step-title">生成双平台模拟配置</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step2.configTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 2" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="phase === 2" class="badge processing">生成中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 2" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="phase === 2" class="badge processing">{{ $t('common.generating') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            LLM 根据模拟需求与现实种子，智能设置世界时间流速、推荐算法、每个个体的活跃时间段、发言频率、事件触发等参数
+            {{ $t('step2.configDesc') }}
           </p>
           
           <!-- Config Preview -->
@@ -139,40 +139,40 @@
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-grid">
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">模拟时长</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }} 小时</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">{{ $t('step2.simDuration') }}</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }} {{ $t('common.hourUnit') }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">每轮时长</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }} 分钟</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">{{ $t('step2.roundDuration') }}</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }} {{ $t('common.minuteUnit') }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">总轮次</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ Math.floor((simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours * 60 / simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round)) || '-' }} 轮</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">{{ $t('step2.totalRounds') }}</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ Math.floor((simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours * 60 / simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round)) || '-' }} {{ $t('common.roundUnit') }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">每小时活跃</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">{{ $t('step2.hourlyActive') }}</span>
                   <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.agents_per_hour_min }}-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.agents_per_hour_max }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="time-periods">
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">高峰时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">{{ $t('step2.peakHours') }}</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.peak_hours?.join(':00, ') }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.peak_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">工作时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">{{ $t('step2.workHours') }}</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">早间时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">{{ $t('step2.morningHours') }}</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">低谷时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">{{ $t('step2.offPeakHours') }}</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@
             <!-- Agent 配置 -->
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">Agent 配置</span>
-                <span class="config-block-badge">{{ simulationConfig.agent_configs?.length || 0 }} 个</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">{{ $t('step2.agentConfig') }}</span>
+                <span class="config-block-badge">{{ simulationConfig.agent_configs?.length || 0 }} {{ $t('common.countUnit') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="agents-cards">
                 <div 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
                   
                   <!-- 活跃时间轴 -->
                   <div class="agent-timeline">
-                    <span class="timeline-label">活跃时段</span>
+                    <span class="timeline-label">{{ $t('step2.activePeriods') }}</span>
                     <div class="mini-timeline">
                       <div 
                         v-for="hour in 24" 
@@ -228,34 +228,34 @@
                   <div class="agent-params">
                     <div class="param-group">
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">发帖/时</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.postsPerHour') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.posts_per_hour }}</span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">评论/时</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.commentsPerHour') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.comments_per_hour }}</span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">响应延迟</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.responseDelay') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.response_delay_min }}-{{ agent.response_delay_max }}min</span>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-group">
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">活跃度</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.activityLevel') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value with-bar">
                           <span class="mini-bar" :style="{ width: (agent.activity_level * 100) + '%' }"></span>
                           {{ (agent.activity_level * 100).toFixed(0) }}%
                         </span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">情感倾向</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.sentimentBias') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value" :class="agent.sentiment_bias > 0 ? 'positive' : agent.sentiment_bias < 0 ? 'negative' : 'neutral'">
                           {{ agent.sentiment_bias > 0 ? '+' : '' }}{{ agent.sentiment_bias?.toFixed(1) }}
                         </span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">影响力</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.influence') }}</span>
                         <span class="param-value highlight">{{ agent.influence_weight?.toFixed(1) }}</span>
                       </div>
                     </div>
@@ -267,59 +267,59 @@
             <!-- 平台配置 -->
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">推荐算法配置</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">{{ $t('step2.recoAlgoConfig') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="platforms-grid">
                 <div v-if="simulationConfig.twitter_config" class="platform-card">
                   <div class="platform-card-header">
-                    <span class="platform-name">平台 1：广场 / 信息流</span>
+                    <span class="platform-name">{{ $t('step2.platform1') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="platform-params">
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">时效权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.recencyWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.recency_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">热度权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.popularityWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.popularity_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">相关性权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.relevanceWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.relevance_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">病毒阈值</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.viralThreshold') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.viral_threshold }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">回音室强度</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.echoChamber') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.echo_chamber_strength }}</span>
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div v-if="simulationConfig.reddit_config" class="platform-card">
                   <div class="platform-card-header">
-                    <span class="platform-name">平台 2：话题 / 社区</span>
+                    <span class="platform-name">{{ $t('step2.platform2') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="platform-params">
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">时效权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.recencyWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.recency_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">热度权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.popularityWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.popularity_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">相关性权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.relevanceWeight') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.relevance_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">病毒阈值</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.viralThreshold') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.viral_threshold }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">回音室强度</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">{{ $t('step2.echoChamber') }}</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.echo_chamber_strength }}</span>
                     </div>
                   </div>
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
             <!-- LLM 配置推理 -->
             <div v-if="simulationConfig.generation_reasoning" class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">LLM 配置推理</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">{{ $t('step2.llmConfigReasoning') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="reasoning-content">
                 <div 
@@ -351,19 +351,19 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">04</span>
-            <span class="step-title">初始激活编排</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step2.activationTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 3" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="phase === 3" class="badge processing">编排中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 3" class="badge success">{{ $t('common.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="phase === 3" class="badge processing">{{ $t('step2.activationBadge') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            基于叙事方向，自动生成初始激活事件与热点话题，引导模拟世界的初始状态
+            {{ $t('step2.activationDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <div v-if="simulationConfig?.event_config" class="orchestration-content">
@@ -380,14 +380,14 @@
                     </linearGradient>
                   </defs>
                 </svg>
-                叙事引导方向
+                {{ $t('step2.narrativeDirection') }}
               </span>
               <p class="narrative-text">{{ simulationConfig.event_config.narrative_direction }}</p>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 热点话题 -->
             <div class="topics-section">
-              <span class="box-label">初始热点话题</span>
+              <span class="box-label">{{ $t('step2.initialTopics') }}</span>
               <div class="hot-topics-grid">
                 <span v-for="topic in simulationConfig.event_config.hot_topics" :key="topic" class="hot-topic-tag">
                   # {{ topic }}
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
 
             <!-- 初始帖子流 -->
             <div class="initial-posts-section">
-              <span class="box-label">初始激活序列 ({{ simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts.length }})</span>
+              <span class="box-label">{{ $t('step2.activationSequence', { count: simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts.length }) }}</span>
               <div class="posts-timeline">
                 <div v-for="(post, idx) in simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts" :key="idx" class="timeline-item">
                   <div class="timeline-marker"></div>
@@ -423,29 +423,29 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">05</span>
-            <span class="step-title">准备完成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ $t('step2.readyTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase >= 4" class="badge processing">进行中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase >= 4" class="badge processing">{{ $t('common.inProgress') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ $t('common.waiting') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/start</p>
-          <p class="description">模拟环境已准备完成，可以开始运行模拟</p>
+          <p class="description">{{ $t('step2.readyDesc') }}</p>
           
           <!-- 模拟轮数配置 - 只有在配置生成完成且轮数计算出来后才显示 -->
           <div v-if="simulationConfig && autoGeneratedRounds" class="rounds-config-section">
             <div class="rounds-header">
               <div class="header-left">
-                <span class="section-title">模拟轮数设定</span>
-                <span class="section-desc">MiroFish 自动规划推演现实 <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }}</span> 小时，每轮代表现实 <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }}</span> 分钟时间流逝</span>
+                <span class="section-title">{{ $t('step2.roundSettings') }}</span>
+                <span class="section-desc">{{ $t('step2.roundSettingsDesc', { hours: simulationConfig?.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-', minutes: simulationConfig?.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }) }}</span>
               </div>
               <label class="switch-control">
                 <input type="checkbox" v-model="useCustomRounds">
                 <span class="switch-track"></span>
-                <span class="switch-label">自定义</span>
+                <span class="switch-label">{{ $t('step2.customToggle') }}</span>
               </label>
             </div>
             
@@ -454,10 +454,10 @@
                 <div class="slider-display">
                   <div class="slider-main-value">
                     <span class="val-num">{{ customMaxRounds }}</span>
-                    <span class="val-unit">轮</span>
+                    <span class="val-unit">{{ $t('step2.roundsUnit') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="slider-meta-info">
-                    <span>若Agent规模为100：预计耗时约 {{ Math.round(customMaxRounds * 0.6) }} 分钟</span>
+                    <span>{{ $t('step2.estimatedTime', { minutes: Math.round(customMaxRounds * 0.6) }) }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
 
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
                       :class="{ active: customMaxRounds === 40 }"
                       @click="customMaxRounds = 40"
                       :style="{ position: 'absolute', left: `calc(${(40 - 10) / (autoGeneratedRounds - 10) * 100}% - 30px)` }"
-                    >40 (推荐)</span>
+                    >{{ $t('step2.recommendedMark') }}</span>
                     <span>{{ autoGeneratedRounds }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@
                 <div class="auto-info-card">
                   <div class="auto-value">
                     <span class="val-num">{{ autoGeneratedRounds }}</span>
-                    <span class="val-unit">轮</span>
+                    <span class="val-unit">{{ $t('step2.roundsUnit') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="auto-content">
                     <div class="auto-meta-row">
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@
                           <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle>
                           <polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline>
                         </svg>
-                        若Agent规模为100：预计耗时 {{ Math.round(autoGeneratedRounds * 0.6) }} 分钟
+                        {{ $t('step2.autoEstimate', { minutes: Math.round(autoGeneratedRounds * 0.6) }) }}
                       </span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="auto-desc">
-                      <p class="highlight-tip" @click="useCustomRounds = true">若首次运行，强烈建议切换至‘自定义模式’减少模拟轮数，以便快速预览效果并降低报错风险 ➝</p>
+                      <p class="highlight-tip" @click="useCustomRounds = true">{{ $t('step2.firstRunTip') }}</p>
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -514,14 +514,14 @@
               class="action-btn secondary"
               @click="$emit('go-back')"
             >
-              ← 返回图谱构建
+              {{ $t('step2.backToGraph') }}
             </button>
             <button 
               class="action-btn primary"
               :disabled="phase < 4"
               @click="handleStartSimulation"
             >
-              开始双世界并行模拟 ➝
+              {{ $t('step2.startSimulation') }}
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -547,32 +547,32 @@
           <!-- 基本信息 -->
           <div class="modal-info-grid">
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显年龄</span>
-              <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.age || '-' }} 岁</span>
+              <span class="info-label">{{ $t('step2.apparentAge') }}</span>
+              <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.age || '-' }} {{ $t('common.ageUnit') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显性别</span>
-              <span class="info-value">{{ { male: '男', female: '女', other: '其他' }[selectedProfile.gender] || selectedProfile.gender }}</span>
+              <span class="info-label">{{ $t('step2.apparentGender') }}</span>
+              <span class="info-value">{{ { male: $t('common.male'), female: $t('common.female'), other: $t('common.other') }[selectedProfile.gender] || selectedProfile.gender }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">国家/地区</span>
+              <span class="info-label">{{ $t('step2.countryRegion') }}</span>
               <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.country || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显MBTI</span>
+              <span class="info-label">{{ $t('step2.apparentMBTI') }}</span>
               <span class="info-value mbti">{{ selectedProfile.mbti || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           <!-- 简介 -->
           <div class="modal-section">
-            <span class="section-label">人设简介</span>
-            <p class="section-bio">{{ selectedProfile.bio || '暂无简介' }}</p>
+            <span class="section-label">{{ $t('step2.personaBio') }}</span>
+            <p class="section-bio">{{ selectedProfile.bio || $t('common.noBio') }}</p>
           </div>
 
           <!-- 关注话题 -->
           <div class="modal-section" v-if="selectedProfile.interested_topics?.length">
-            <span class="section-label">现实种子关联话题</span>
+            <span class="section-label">{{ $t('step2.relatedTopicsModal') }}</span>
             <div class="topics-grid">
               <span 
                 v-for="topic in selectedProfile.interested_topics" 
@@ -584,25 +584,25 @@
 
           <!-- 详细人设 -->
           <div class="modal-section" v-if="selectedProfile.persona">
-            <span class="section-label">详细人设背景</span>
+            <span class="section-label">{{ $t('step2.detailedBackground') }}</span>
             
             <!-- 人设维度概览 -->
             <div class="persona-dimensions">
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">事件全景经历</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">在此事件中的完整行为轨迹</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ $t('step2.fullExperience') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ $t('step2.fullExperienceDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">行为模式侧写</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">经验总结与行事风格偏好</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ $t('step2.behaviorProfile') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ $t('step2.behaviorProfileDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">独特记忆印记</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">基于现实种子形成的记忆</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ $t('step2.uniqueMemory') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ $t('step2.uniqueMemoryDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">社会关系网络</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">个体链接与交互图谱</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ $t('step2.socialNetwork') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ $t('step2.socialNetworkDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
 
@@ -633,14 +633,17 @@
 
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
-import { 
-  prepareSimulation, 
-  getPrepareStatus, 
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+import {
+  prepareSimulation,
+  getPrepareStatus,
   getSimulationProfilesRealtime,
   getSimulationConfig,
-  getSimulationConfigRealtime 
+  getSimulationConfigRealtime
 } from '../api/simulation'
 
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
 const props = defineProps({
   simulationId: String,  // 从父组件传入
   projectData: Object,
@@ -674,17 +677,16 @@ const customMaxRounds = ref(40)   // 默认推荐40轮
 
 // Watch stage to update phase
 watch(currentStage, (newStage) => {
-  if (newStage === '生成Agent人设' || newStage === 'generating_profiles') {
+  if (newStage === 'generating_profiles') {
     phase.value = 1
-  } else if (newStage === '生成模拟配置' || newStage === 'generating_config') {
+  } else if (newStage === 'generating_config') {
     phase.value = 2
-    // 进入配置生成阶段，开始轮询配置
     if (!configTimer) {
-      addLog('开始生成双平台模拟配置...')
+      addLog(t('step2.startGeneratingConfig'))
       startConfigPolling()
     }
-  } else if (newStage === '准备模拟脚本' || newStage === 'copying_scripts') {
-    phase.value = 2 // 仍属于配置阶段
+  } else if (newStage === 'copying_scripts') {
+    phase.value = 2
   }
 })
 
@@ -745,10 +747,10 @@ const handleStartSimulation = () => {
   if (useCustomRounds.value) {
     // 用户自定义轮数，传递 max_rounds 参数
     params.maxRounds = customMaxRounds.value
-    addLog(`开始模拟，自定义轮数: ${customMaxRounds.value} 轮`)
+    addLog(t('step2.startSimCustom', { n: customMaxRounds.value }))
   } else {
     // 用户选择保持自动生成的轮数，不传递 max_rounds 参数
-    addLog(`开始模拟，使用自动配置轮数: ${autoGeneratedRounds.value} 轮`)
+    addLog(t('step2.startSimAuto', { n: autoGeneratedRounds.value }))
   }
   
   emit('next-step', params)
@@ -768,15 +770,15 @@ const selectProfile = (profile) => {
 // 自动开始准备模拟
 const startPrepareSimulation = async () => {
   if (!props.simulationId) {
-    addLog('错误：缺少 simulationId')
+    addLog(t('step2.errorMissingSimId'))
     emit('update-status', 'error')
     return
   }
-  
+
   // 标记第一步完成，开始第二步
   phase.value = 1
-  addLog(`模拟实例已创建: ${props.simulationId}`)
-  addLog('正在准备模拟环境...')
+  addLog(t('step2.simInstanceCreated', { id: props.simulationId }))
+  addLog(t('step2.preparingEnv'))
   emit('update-status', 'processing')
   
   try {
@@ -788,35 +790,35 @@ const startPrepareSimulation = async () => {
     
     if (res.success && res.data) {
       if (res.data.already_prepared) {
-        addLog('检测到已有完成的准备工作，直接使用')
+        addLog(t('step2.existingPrepDetected'))
         await loadPreparedData()
         return
       }
       
       taskId.value = res.data.task_id
-      addLog(`准备任务已启动`)
+      addLog(t('step2.prepTaskStarted'))
       addLog(`  └─ Task ID: ${res.data.task_id}`)
-      
+
       // 立即设置预期Agent总数（从prepare接口返回值获取）
       if (res.data.expected_entities_count) {
         expectedTotal.value = res.data.expected_entities_count
-        addLog(`从Zep图谱读取到 ${res.data.expected_entities_count} 个实体`)
+        addLog(t('step2.zepEntities', { n: res.data.expected_entities_count }))
         if (res.data.entity_types && res.data.entity_types.length > 0) {
-          addLog(`  └─ 实体类型: ${res.data.entity_types.join(', ')}`)
+          addLog(t('step2.entityTypes', { types: res.data.entity_types.join(', ') }))
         }
       }
-      
-      addLog('开始轮询准备进度...')
+
+      addLog(t('step2.pollingProgress'))
       // 开始轮询进度
       startPolling()
       // 开始实时获取 Profiles
       startProfilesPolling()
     } else {
-      addLog(`准备失败: ${res.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('step2.prepFailed', { msg: res.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
       emit('update-status', 'error')
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`准备异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('step2.prepError', { msg: err.message }))
     emit('update-status', 'error')
   }
 }
@@ -861,7 +863,7 @@ const pollPrepareStatus = async () => {
       
       // 解析阶段信息并输出详细日志
       if (data.progress_detail) {
-        currentStage.value = data.progress_detail.current_stage_name || ''
+        currentStage.value = data.progress_detail.current_stage || ''
         
         // 输出详细进度日志（避免重复）
         const detail = data.progress_detail
@@ -890,12 +892,12 @@ const pollPrepareStatus = async () => {
       
       // 检查是否完成
       if (data.status === 'completed' || data.status === 'ready' || data.already_prepared) {
-        addLog('✓ 准备工作已完成')
+        addLog(t('step2.prepComplete'))
         stopPolling()
         stopProfilesPolling()
         await loadPreparedData()
       } else if (data.status === 'failed') {
-        addLog(`✗ 准备失败: ${data.error || '未知错误'}`)
+        addLog(t('step2.prepFailedStatus', { msg: data.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
         stopPolling()
         stopProfilesPolling()
       }
@@ -934,13 +936,13 @@ const fetchProfilesRealtime = async () => {
         const latestProfile = profiles.value[currentCount - 1]
         const profileName = latestProfile?.name || latestProfile?.username || `Agent_${currentCount}`
         if (currentCount === 1) {
-          addLog(`开始生成Agent人设...`)
+          addLog(t('step2.generateAgentPersonas'))
         }
-        addLog(`→ Agent人设 ${currentCount}/${total}: ${profileName} (${latestProfile?.profession || '未知职业'})`)
-        
+        addLog(`→ Agent persona ${currentCount}/${total}: ${profileName} (${latestProfile?.profession || t('common.unknownProfession')})`)
+
         // 如果全部生成完成
         if (expectedTotal.value && currentCount >= expectedTotal.value) {
-          addLog(`✓ 全部 ${currentCount} 个Agent人设生成完成`)
+          addLog(`✓ All ${currentCount} agent personas generated`)
         }
       }
     }
@@ -974,41 +976,41 @@ const fetchConfigRealtime = async () => {
       if (data.generation_stage && data.generation_stage !== lastLoggedConfigStage) {
         lastLoggedConfigStage = data.generation_stage
         if (data.generation_stage === 'generating_profiles') {
-          addLog('正在生成Agent人设配置...')
+          addLog(t('step2.generateAgentPersonas'))
         } else if (data.generation_stage === 'generating_config') {
-          addLog('正在调用LLM生成模拟配置参数...')
+          addLog(t('step2.startGeneratingConfig'))
         }
       }
       
       // 如果配置已生成
       if (data.config_generated && data.config) {
         simulationConfig.value = data.config
-        addLog('✓ 模拟配置生成完成')
-        
+        addLog(t('step2.prepComplete'))
+
         // 显示详细配置摘要
         if (data.summary) {
-          addLog(`  ├─ Agent数量: ${data.summary.total_agents}个`)
-          addLog(`  ├─ 模拟时长: ${data.summary.simulation_hours}小时`)
-          addLog(`  ├─ 初始帖子: ${data.summary.initial_posts_count}条`)
-          addLog(`  ├─ 热点话题: ${data.summary.hot_topics_count}个`)
-          addLog(`  └─ 平台配置: Twitter ${data.summary.has_twitter_config ? '✓' : '✗'}, Reddit ${data.summary.has_reddit_config ? '✓' : '✗'}`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ ${t('step2.currentAgents')}: ${data.summary.total_agents}`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ ${t('step2.simDuration')}: ${data.summary.simulation_hours} ${t('common.hourUnit')}`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ Initial posts: ${data.summary.initial_posts_count}`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ Hot topics: ${data.summary.hot_topics_count}`)
+          addLog(`  └─ Platform config: Twitter ${data.summary.has_twitter_config ? '✓' : '✗'}, Reddit ${data.summary.has_reddit_config ? '✓' : '✗'}`)
         }
-        
+
         // 显示时间配置详情
         if (data.config.time_config) {
           const tc = data.config.time_config
-          addLog(`时间配置: 每轮${tc.minutes_per_round}分钟, 共${Math.floor((tc.total_simulation_hours * 60) / tc.minutes_per_round)}轮`)
+          addLog(t('views.timeConfig', { minutes: tc.minutes_per_round }) + `, ${Math.floor((tc.total_simulation_hours * 60) / tc.minutes_per_round)} ${t('common.roundUnit')}`)
         }
-        
+
         // 显示事件配置
         if (data.config.event_config?.narrative_direction) {
           const narrative = data.config.event_config.narrative_direction
-          addLog(`叙事方向: ${narrative.length > 50 ? narrative.substring(0, 50) + '...' : narrative}`)
+          addLog(`${t('step2.narrativeDirection')}: ${narrative.length > 50 ? narrative.substring(0, 50) + '...' : narrative}`)
         }
-        
+
         stopConfigPolling()
         phase.value = 4
-        addLog('✓ 环境搭建完成，可以开始模拟')
+        addLog(t('step2.readyDesc'))
         emit('update-status', 'completed')
       }
     }
@@ -1019,11 +1021,11 @@ const fetchConfigRealtime = async () => {
 
 const loadPreparedData = async () => {
   phase.value = 2
-  addLog('正在加载已有配置数据...')
+  addLog(t('step2.preparingEnv'))
 
   // 最后获取一次 Profiles
   await fetchProfilesRealtime()
-  addLog(`已加载 ${profiles.value.length} 个Agent人设`)
+  addLog(`Loaded ${profiles.value.length} agent personas`)
 
   // 获取配置（使用实时接口）
   try {
@@ -1031,26 +1033,26 @@ const loadPreparedData = async () => {
     if (res.success && res.data) {
       if (res.data.config_generated && res.data.config) {
         simulationConfig.value = res.data.config
-        addLog('✓ 模拟配置加载成功')
-        
+        addLog(t('step2.prepComplete'))
+
         // 显示详细配置摘要
         if (res.data.summary) {
-          addLog(`  ├─ Agent数量: ${res.data.summary.total_agents}个`)
-          addLog(`  ├─ 模拟时长: ${res.data.summary.simulation_hours}小时`)
-          addLog(`  └─ 初始帖子: ${res.data.summary.initial_posts_count}条`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ ${t('step2.currentAgents')}: ${res.data.summary.total_agents}`)
+          addLog(`  ├─ ${t('step2.simDuration')}: ${res.data.summary.simulation_hours} ${t('common.hourUnit')}`)
+          addLog(`  └─ Initial posts: ${res.data.summary.initial_posts_count}`)
         }
-        
-        addLog('✓ 环境搭建完成，可以开始模拟')
+
+        addLog(t('step2.readyDesc'))
         phase.value = 4
         emit('update-status', 'completed')
       } else {
         // 配置尚未生成，开始轮询
-        addLog('配置生成中，开始轮询等待...')
+        addLog(t('step2.startGeneratingConfig'))
         startConfigPolling()
       }
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载配置失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('step2.prepError', { msg: err.message }))
     emit('update-status', 'error')
   }
 }
@@ -1068,7 +1070,7 @@ watch(() => props.systemLogs?.length, () => {
 onMounted(() => {
   // 自动开始准备流程
   if (props.simulationId) {
-    addLog('Step2 环境搭建初始化')
+    addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'Step2' }))
     startPrepareSimulation()
   }
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
index 74d0e1e7b..d4a949fb5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
           @click="handleNextStep"
         >
           <span v-if="isGeneratingReport" class="loading-spinner-small"></span>
-          {{ isGeneratingReport ? '启动中...' : '开始生成结果报告' }} 
+          {{ isGeneratingReport ? $t('step3.startReportBtnLoading') : $t('step3.startReportBtn') }}
           <span v-if="!isGeneratingReport" class="arrow-icon">→</span>
         </button>
       </div>
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { 
   startSimulation, 
   stopSimulation,
@@ -296,6 +297,8 @@ import {
 } from '../api/simulation'
 import { generateReport } from '../api/report'
 
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
 const props = defineProps({
   simulationId: String,
   maxRounds: Number, // 从Step2传入的最大轮数
@@ -379,16 +382,16 @@ const resetAllState = () => {
 // 启动模拟
 const doStartSimulation = async () => {
   if (!props.simulationId) {
-    addLog('错误：缺少 simulationId')
+    addLog(t('step3.errorMissingSimId'))
     return
   }
-  
+
   // 先重置所有状态，确保不会受到上一次模拟的影响
   resetAllState()
-  
+
   isStarting.value = true
   startError.value = null
-  addLog('正在启动双平台并行模拟...')
+  addLog(t('step3.launchingSimulation'))
   emit('update-status', 'processing')
   
   try {
@@ -401,18 +404,18 @@ const doStartSimulation = async () => {
     
     if (props.maxRounds) {
       params.max_rounds = props.maxRounds
-      addLog(`设置最大模拟轮数: ${props.maxRounds}`)
+      addLog(t('step3.setMaxRounds', { n: props.maxRounds }))
     }
-    
-    addLog('已开启动态图谱更新模式')
+
+    addLog(t('step3.dynamicGraphEnabled'))
     
     const res = await startSimulation(params)
     
     if (res.success && res.data) {
       if (res.data.force_restarted) {
-        addLog('✓ 已清理旧的模拟日志，重新开始模拟')
+        addLog(t('step3.oldLogsCleared'))
       }
-      addLog('✓ 模拟引擎启动成功')
+      addLog(t('step3.engineStarted'))
       addLog(`  ├─ PID: ${res.data.process_pid || '-'}`)
       
       phase.value = 1
@@ -421,13 +424,13 @@ const doStartSimulation = async () => {
       startStatusPolling()
       startDetailPolling()
     } else {
-      startError.value = res.error || '启动失败'
-      addLog(`✗ 启动失败: ${res.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      startError.value = res.error || t('step3.startFailed')
+      addLog(t('step3.startFailedMsg', { msg: res.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
       emit('update-status', 'error')
     }
   } catch (err) {
     startError.value = err.message
-    addLog(`✗ 启动异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('step3.startError', { msg: err.message }))
     emit('update-status', 'error')
   } finally {
     isStarting.value = false
@@ -439,21 +442,21 @@ const handleStopSimulation = async () => {
   if (!props.simulationId) return
   
   isStopping.value = true
-  addLog('正在停止模拟...')
-  
+  addLog(t('step3.stoppingSimulation'))
+
   try {
     const res = await stopSimulation({ simulation_id: props.simulationId })
-    
+
     if (res.success) {
-      addLog('✓ 模拟已停止')
+      addLog(t('step3.simStopped'))
       phase.value = 2
       stopPolling()
       emit('update-status', 'completed')
     } else {
-      addLog(`停止失败: ${res.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('step3.stopFailed', { msg: res.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`停止异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('step3.stopError', { msg: err.message }))
   } finally {
     isStopping.value = false
   }
@@ -517,9 +520,9 @@ const fetchRunStatus = async () => {
       
       if (isCompleted || platformsCompleted) {
         if (platformsCompleted && !isCompleted) {
-          addLog('✓ 检测到所有平台模拟已结束')
+          addLog(t('step3.allPlatformsDone'))
         }
-        addLog('✓ 模拟已完成')
+        addLog(t('step3.simCompleted'))
         phase.value = 2
         stopPolling()
         emit('update-status', 'completed')
@@ -640,36 +643,36 @@ const formatActionTime = (timestamp) => {
 
 const handleNextStep = async () => {
   if (!props.simulationId) {
-    addLog('错误：缺少 simulationId')
+    addLog(t('step3.errorMissingSimId'))
     return
   }
-  
+
   if (isGeneratingReport.value) {
-    addLog('报告生成请求已发送，请稍候...')
+    addLog(t('step3.reportRequested'))
     return
   }
-  
+
   isGeneratingReport.value = true
-  addLog('正在启动报告生成...')
-  
+  addLog(t('step3.launchingReport'))
+
   try {
     const res = await generateReport({
       simulation_id: props.simulationId,
       force_regenerate: true
     })
-    
+
     if (res.success && res.data) {
       const reportId = res.data.report_id
-      addLog(`✓ 报告生成任务已启动: ${reportId}`)
-      
+      addLog(t('step3.reportTaskStarted', { reportId }))
+
       // 跳转到报告页面
       router.push({ name: 'Report', params: { reportId } })
     } else {
-      addLog(`✗ 启动报告生成失败: ${res.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('step3.reportStartFailed', { msg: res.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
       isGeneratingReport.value = false
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`✗ 启动报告生成异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('step3.reportStartError', { msg: err.message }))
     isGeneratingReport.value = false
   }
 }
@@ -685,7 +688,7 @@ watch(() => props.systemLogs?.length, () => {
 })
 
 onMounted(() => {
-  addLog('Step3 模拟运行初始化')
+  addLog(t('step3.simRunInit'))
   if (props.simulationId) {
     doStartSimulation()
   }
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
index 22f2bdcfd..33f429ad2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                       <path d="M12 2a10 10 0 0 1 10 10" stroke-width="4" stroke="#4B5563" stroke-linecap="round"></path>
                     </svg>
                   </div>
-                  <span class="loading-text">正在生成{{ section.title }}...</span>
+                  <span class="loading-text">{{ $t('step4.generatingSection', { title: section.title }) }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 
           <!-- Next Step Button - 在完成后显示 -->
           <button v-if="isComplete" class="next-step-btn" @click="goToInteraction">
-            <span>进入深度互动</span>
+            <span>{{ $t('step4.enterInteraction') }}</span>
             <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
               <line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"></line>
               <polyline points="12 5 19 12 12 19"></polyline>
@@ -392,9 +392,11 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick, h, reactive } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { getAgentLog, getConsoleLog } from '../api/report'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { t } = useI18n()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String,
@@ -551,31 +553,31 @@ const parseInsightForge = (text) => {
   }
   
   try {
-    // 提取分析问题
-    const queryMatch = text.match(/分析问题:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
+    // Extract analysis query
+    const queryMatch = text.match(/Analysis query:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
     if (queryMatch) result.query = queryMatch[1].trim()
-    
-    // 提取预测场景
-    const reqMatch = text.match(/预测场景:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
+
+    // Extract prediction scenario
+    const reqMatch = text.match(/Prediction scenario:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
     if (reqMatch) result.simulationRequirement = reqMatch[1].trim()
-    
-    // 提取统计数据 - 匹配"相关预测事实: X条"格式
-    const factMatch = text.match(/相关预测事实:\s*(\d+)/)
-    const entityMatch = text.match(/涉及实体:\s*(\d+)/)
-    const relMatch = text.match(/关系链:\s*(\d+)/)
+
+    // Extract stats - match "Related prediction facts: X" format
+    const factMatch = text.match(/Related prediction facts:\s*(\d+)/)
+    const entityMatch = text.match(/Entities involved:\s*(\d+)/)
+    const relMatch = text.match(/Relation chains:\s*(\d+)/)
     if (factMatch) result.stats.facts = parseInt(factMatch[1])
     if (entityMatch) result.stats.entities = parseInt(entityMatch[1])
     if (relMatch) result.stats.relationships = parseInt(relMatch[1])
     
-    // 提取子问题 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const subQSection = text.match(/### 分析的子问题\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract sub-queries - full extraction, no count limit
+    const subQSection = text.match(/### Sub-queries analyzed\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (subQSection) {
       const lines = subQSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.match(/^\d+\./))
       result.subQueries = lines.map(l => l.replace(/^\d+\.\s*/, '').trim()).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 提取关键事实 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const factsSection = text.match(/### 【关键事实】[\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract key facts - full extraction, no count limit
+    const factsSection = text.match(/### \[Key Facts\][\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (factsSection) {
       const lines = factsSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.match(/^\d+\./))
       result.facts = lines.map(l => {
@@ -584,16 +586,16 @@ const parseInsightForge = (text) => {
       }).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 提取核心实体 - 完整提取，包含摘要和相关事实数
-    const entitySection = text.match(/### 【核心实体】\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract core entities - full extraction, including summary and related fact counts
+    const entitySection = text.match(/### \[Core Entities\]\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (entitySection) {
       const entityText = entitySection[1]
       // 按 "- **" 分割实体块
       const entityBlocks = entityText.split(/\n(?=- \*\*)/).filter(b => b.trim().startsWith('- **'))
       result.entities = entityBlocks.map(block => {
         const nameMatch = block.match(/^-\s*\*\*(.+?)\*\*\s*\((.+?)\)/)
-        const summaryMatch = block.match(/摘要:\s*"?(.+?)"?(?:\n|$)/)
-        const relatedMatch = block.match(/相关事实:\s*(\d+)/)
+        const summaryMatch = block.match(/Summary:\s*"?(.+?)"?(?:\n|$)/)
+        const relatedMatch = block.match(/Related facts:\s*(\d+)/)
         return {
           name: nameMatch ? nameMatch[1].trim() : '',
           type: nameMatch ? nameMatch[2].trim() : '',
@@ -603,8 +605,8 @@ const parseInsightForge = (text) => {
       }).filter(e => e.name)
     }
     
-    // 提取关系链 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const relSection = text.match(/### 【关系链】\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract relation chains - full extraction, no count limit
+    const relSection = text.match(/### \[Relation Chains\]\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (relSection) {
       const lines = relSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.trim().startsWith('-'))
       result.relations = lines.map(l => {
@@ -632,22 +634,22 @@ const parsePanorama = (text) => {
   }
   
   try {
-    // 提取查询
-    const queryMatch = text.match(/查询:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
+    // Extract query
+    const queryMatch = text.match(/(?:Analysis query|Search query|Query):\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
     if (queryMatch) result.query = queryMatch[1].trim()
-    
-    // 提取统计数据
-    const nodesMatch = text.match(/总节点数:\s*(\d+)/)
-    const edgesMatch = text.match(/总边数:\s*(\d+)/)
-    const activeMatch = text.match(/当前有效事实:\s*(\d+)/)
-    const histMatch = text.match(/历史\/过期事实:\s*(\d+)/)
+
+    // Extract stats
+    const nodesMatch = text.match(/Total nodes:\s*(\d+)/)
+    const edgesMatch = text.match(/Total edges:\s*(\d+)/)
+    const activeMatch = text.match(/Currently valid facts:\s*(\d+)/)
+    const histMatch = text.match(/Historical\/expired facts:\s*(\d+)/)
     if (nodesMatch) result.stats.nodes = parseInt(nodesMatch[1])
     if (edgesMatch) result.stats.edges = parseInt(edgesMatch[1])
     if (activeMatch) result.stats.activeFacts = parseInt(activeMatch[1])
     if (histMatch) result.stats.historicalFacts = parseInt(histMatch[1])
     
-    // 提取当前有效事实 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const activeSection = text.match(/### 【当前有效事实】[\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract currently valid facts - full extraction, no count limit
+    const activeSection = text.match(/### \[Currently Valid Facts\][\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (activeSection) {
       const lines = activeSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.match(/^\d+\./))
       result.activeFacts = lines.map(l => {
@@ -657,8 +659,8 @@ const parsePanorama = (text) => {
       }).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 提取历史/过期事实 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const histSection = text.match(/### 【历史\/过期事实】[\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract historical/expired facts - full extraction, no count limit
+    const histSection = text.match(/### \[Historical\/Expired Facts\][\s\S]*?\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (histSection) {
       const lines = histSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.match(/^\d+\./))
       result.historicalFacts = lines.map(l => {
@@ -667,8 +669,8 @@ const parsePanorama = (text) => {
       }).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 提取涉及实体 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const entitySection = text.match(/### 【涉及实体】\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Extract entities involved - full extraction, no count limit
+    const entitySection = text.match(/### \[Entities Involved\]\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (entitySection) {
       const lines = entitySection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.trim().startsWith('-'))
       result.entities = lines.map(l => {
@@ -696,20 +698,20 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
   }
   
   try {
-    // 提取采访主题
-    const topicMatch = text.match(/\*\*采访主题:\*\*\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
+    // Extract interview topic
+    const topicMatch = text.match(/\*\*Interview topic:\*\*\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
     if (topicMatch) result.topic = topicMatch[1].trim()
-    
-    // 提取采访人数（如 "5 / 9 位模拟Agent"）
-    const countMatch = text.match(/\*\*采访人数:\*\*\s*(\d+)\s*\/\s*(\d+)/)
+
+    // Extract interview count (e.g. "5 / 9 simulated agents")
+    const countMatch = text.match(/\*\*Interview count:\*\*\s*(\d+)\s*\/\s*(\d+)/)
     if (countMatch) {
       result.successCount = parseInt(countMatch[1])
       result.totalCount = parseInt(countMatch[2])
       result.agentCount = `${countMatch[1]} / ${countMatch[2]}`
     }
     
-    // 提取采访对象选择理由
-    const reasonMatch = text.match(/### 采访对象选择理由\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n---\n|\n### 采访实录)/)
+    // Extract interview subject selection reason
+    const reasonMatch = text.match(/### Interview subject selection reason\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n---\n|\n### Interview records)/)
     if (reasonMatch) {
       result.selectionReason = reasonMatch[1].trim()
     }
@@ -728,26 +730,26 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
         let name = null
         let reasonStart = null
         
-        // 格式1: 数字. **名字（index=X）**：理由
-        // 例如: 1. **校友_345（index=1）**：作为武大校友...
+        // Format 1: number. **name (index=X)**: reason
+        // e.g.: 1. **alumni_345 (index=1)**: as a university alumnus...
         headerMatch = line.match(/^\d+\.\s*\*\*([^*（(]+)(?:[（(]index\s*=?\s*\d+[)）])?\*\*[：:]\s*(.*)/)
         if (headerMatch) {
           name = headerMatch[1].trim()
           reasonStart = headerMatch[2]
         }
         
-        // 格式2: - 选择名字（index X）：理由
-        // 例如: - 选择家长_601（index 0）：作为家长群体代表...
+        // Format 2: - Select name (index X): reason
+        // e.g.: - Select parent_601 (index 0): as a representative of parent groups...
         if (!headerMatch) {
-          headerMatch = line.match(/^-\s*选择([^（(]+)(?:[（(]index\s*=?\s*\d+[)）])?[：:]\s*(.*)/)
+          headerMatch = line.match(/^-\s*(?:选择|Select(?:ed)?)\s*([^（(]+)(?:[（(]index\s*=?\s*\d+[)）])?[：:]\s*(.*)/)
           if (headerMatch) {
             name = headerMatch[1].trim()
             reasonStart = headerMatch[2]
           }
         }
         
-        // 格式3: - **名字（index X）**：理由
-        // 例如: - **家长_601（index 0）**：作为家长群体代表...
+        // Format 3: - **name (index X)**: reason
+        // e.g.: - **parent_601 (index 0)**: as a representative of parent groups...
         if (!headerMatch) {
           headerMatch = line.match(/^-\s*\*\*([^*（(]+)(?:[（(]index\s*=?\s*\d+[)）])?\*\*[：:]\s*(.*)/)
           if (headerMatch) {
@@ -764,7 +766,7 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
           // 开始新的人
           currentName = name
           currentReason = reasonStart ? [reasonStart.trim()] : []
-        } else if (currentName && line.trim() && !line.match(/^未选|^综上|^最终选择/)) {
+        } else if (currentName && line.trim() && !line.match(/^未选|^综上|^最终选择|^Not selected|^In summary|^Final selection/)) {
           // 理由的续行（排除结尾总结段落）
           currentReason.push(line.trim())
         }
@@ -780,8 +782,8 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
     
     const individualReasons = parseIndividualReasons(result.selectionReason)
     
-    // 提取每个采访记录
-    const interviewBlocks = text.split(/#### 采访 #\d+:/).slice(1)
+    // Extract each interview record
+    const interviewBlocks = text.split(/#### Interview #\d+:/).slice(1)
     
     interviewBlocks.forEach((block, index) => {
       const interview = {
@@ -810,8 +812,8 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
         interview.selectionReason = individualReasons[interview.name] || ''
       }
       
-      // 提取简介
-      const bioMatch = block.match(/_简介:\s*([\s\S]*?)_\n/)
+      // Extract bio
+      const bioMatch = block.match(/_Bio:\s*([\s\S]*?)_\n/)
       if (bioMatch) {
         interview.bio = bioMatch[1].trim().replace(/\.\.\.$/, '...')
       }
@@ -833,14 +835,14 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
         }
       }
       
-      // 提取回答 - 分Twitter和Reddit
-      const answerMatch = block.match(/\*\*A:\*\*\s*([\s\S]*?)(?=\*\*关键引言|$)/)
+      // Extract answers - split by Twitter and Reddit
+      const answerMatch = block.match(/\*\*A:\*\*\s*([\s\S]*?)(?=\*\*Key quotes:|$)/)
       if (answerMatch) {
         const answerText = answerMatch[1].trim()
         
-        // 分离Twitter和Reddit回答
-        const twitterMatch = answerText.match(/【Twitter平台回答】\n?([\s\S]*?)(?=【Reddit平台回答】|$)/)
-        const redditMatch = answerText.match(/【Reddit平台回答】\n?([\s\S]*?)$/)
+        // Separate Twitter and Reddit answers
+        const twitterMatch = answerText.match(/\[Twitter Platform Answer\]\n?([\s\S]*?)(?=\[Reddit Platform Answer\]|$)/)
+        const redditMatch = answerText.match(/\[Reddit Platform Answer\]\n?([\s\S]*?)$/)
         
         if (twitterMatch) {
           interview.twitterAnswer = twitterMatch[1].trim()
@@ -849,14 +851,14 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
           interview.redditAnswer = redditMatch[1].trim()
         }
         
-        // 平台回退逻辑（兼容旧格式：只有一个平台标记的情况）
+        // Platform fallback logic (compatibility with old format: only one platform marker)
         if (!twitterMatch && redditMatch) {
-          // 只有 Reddit 回答，仅在非占位文本时复制为默认显示
-          if (interview.redditAnswer && interview.redditAnswer !== '（该平台未获得回复）') {
+          // Only Reddit answer, copy as default display only when not placeholder text
+          if (interview.redditAnswer && interview.redditAnswer !== '(No response from this platform)') {
             interview.twitterAnswer = interview.redditAnswer
           }
         } else if (twitterMatch && !redditMatch) {
-          if (interview.twitterAnswer && interview.twitterAnswer !== '（该平台未获得回复）') {
+          if (interview.twitterAnswer && interview.twitterAnswer !== '(No response from this platform)') {
             interview.redditAnswer = interview.twitterAnswer
           }
         } else if (!twitterMatch && !redditMatch) {
@@ -865,8 +867,8 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
         }
       }
       
-      // 提取关键引言（兼容多种引号格式）
-      const quotesMatch = block.match(/\*\*关键引言:\*\*\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n---|\n####|$)/)
+      // Extract key quotes (compatible with multiple quote formats)
+      const quotesMatch = block.match(/\*\*Key quotes:\*\*\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n---|\n####|$)/)
       if (quotesMatch) {
         const quotesText = quotesMatch[1]
         // 优先匹配 > "text" 格式
@@ -887,8 +889,8 @@ const parseInterview = (text) => {
       }
     })
     
-    // 提取采访摘要
-    const summaryMatch = text.match(/### 采访摘要与核心观点\n([\s\S]*?)$/)
+    // Extract interview summary
+    const summaryMatch = text.match(/### Interview Summary and Key Insights\n([\s\S]*?)$/)
     if (summaryMatch) {
       result.summary = summaryMatch[1].trim()
     }
@@ -909,23 +911,23 @@ const parseQuickSearch = (text) => {
   }
   
   try {
-    // 提取搜索查询
-    const queryMatch = text.match(/搜索查询:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
+    // Extract search query
+    const queryMatch = text.match(/Search query:\s*(.+?)(?:\n|$)/)
     if (queryMatch) result.query = queryMatch[1].trim()
-    
-    // 提取结果数量
-    const countMatch = text.match(/找到\s*(\d+)\s*条/)
+
+    // Extract result count
+    const countMatch = text.match(/Found\s*(\d+)/)
     if (countMatch) result.count = parseInt(countMatch[1])
-    
-    // 提取相关事实 - 完整提取，不限制数量
-    const factsSection = text.match(/### 相关事实:\n([\s\S]*)$/)
+
+    // Extract related facts - full extraction, no count limit
+    const factsSection = text.match(/### Related Facts:\n([\s\S]*)$/)
     if (factsSection) {
       const lines = factsSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.match(/^\d+\./))
       result.facts = lines.map(l => l.replace(/^\d+\.\s*/, '').trim()).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 尝试提取边信息（如果有）
-    const edgesSection = text.match(/### 相关边:\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Try to extract edge info (if present)
+    const edgesSection = text.match(/### Related Edges:\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (edgesSection) {
       const lines = edgesSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.trim().startsWith('-'))
       result.edges = lines.map(l => {
@@ -937,8 +939,8 @@ const parseQuickSearch = (text) => {
       }).filter(Boolean)
     }
     
-    // 尝试提取节点信息（如果有）
-    const nodesSection = text.match(/### 相关节点:\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
+    // Try to extract node info (if present)
+    const nodesSection = text.match(/### Related Nodes:\n([\s\S]*?)(?=\n###|$)/)
     if (nodesSection) {
       const lines = nodesSection[1].split('\n').filter(l => l.trim().startsWith('-'))
       result.nodes = lines.map(l => {
@@ -1003,7 +1005,7 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
         ]),
         props.result.query && h('div', { class: 'header-topic' }, props.result.query),
         props.result.simulationRequirement && h('div', { class: 'header-scenario' }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'scenario-label' }, '预测场景: '),
+          h('span', { class: 'scenario-label' }, 'Prediction scenario: '),
           h('span', { class: 'scenario-text' }, props.result.simulationRequirement)
         ])
       ]),
@@ -1014,25 +1016,25 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
           class: ['insight-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'facts' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'facts' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `当前关键记忆 (${props.result.facts.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Current key memories (${props.result.facts.length})`)
         ]),
         h('button', {
           class: ['insight-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'entities' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'entities' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `核心实体 (${props.result.entities.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Core entities (${props.result.entities.length})`)
         ]),
         h('button', {
           class: ['insight-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'relations' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'relations' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `关系链 (${props.result.relations.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Relation chains (${props.result.relations.length})`)
         ]),
         props.result.subQueries.length > 0 && h('button', {
           class: ['insight-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'subqueries' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'subqueries' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `子问题 (${props.result.subQueries.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Sub-queries (${props.result.subQueries.length})`)
         ])
       ]),
       
@@ -1041,8 +1043,8 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
         // Facts Tab
         activeTab.value === 'facts' && props.result.facts.length > 0 && h('div', { class: 'facts-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '时序记忆中所关联的最新关键事实'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.facts.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Latest key facts associated in temporal memory'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.facts.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'facts-list' },
             (expandedFacts.value ? props.result.facts : props.result.facts.slice(0, INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT)).map((fact, i) => 
@@ -1055,35 +1057,35 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
           props.result.facts.length > INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedFacts.value = !expandedFacts.value }
-          }, expandedFacts.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.facts.length} 条 ▼`)
+          }, expandedFacts.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.facts.length} ▼`)
         ]),
-        
+
         // Entities Tab
         activeTab.value === 'entities' && props.result.entities.length > 0 && h('div', { class: 'entities-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '核心实体'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.entities.length} 个`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Core entities'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.entities.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'entities-grid' },
             (expandedEntities.value ? props.result.entities : props.result.entities.slice(0, 12)).map((entity, i) => 
               h('div', { class: 'entity-tag', key: i, title: entity.summary || '' }, [
                 h('span', { class: 'entity-name' }, entity.name),
                 h('span', { class: 'entity-type' }, entity.type),
-                entity.relatedFactsCount > 0 && h('span', { class: 'entity-fact-count' }, `${entity.relatedFactsCount}条`)
+                entity.relatedFactsCount > 0 && h('span', { class: 'entity-fact-count' }, `${entity.relatedFactsCount} items`)
               ])
             )
           ),
           props.result.entities.length > 12 && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedEntities.value = !expandedEntities.value }
-          }, expandedEntities.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.entities.length} 个 ▼`)
+          }, expandedEntities.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.entities.length} ▼`)
         ]),
-        
+
         // Relations Tab
         activeTab.value === 'relations' && props.result.relations.length > 0 && h('div', { class: 'relations-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '关系链'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.relations.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Relation chains'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.relations.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'relations-list' },
             (expandedRelations.value ? props.result.relations : props.result.relations.slice(0, INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT)).map((rel, i) => 
@@ -1101,14 +1103,14 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
           props.result.relations.length > INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedRelations.value = !expandedRelations.value }
-          }, expandedRelations.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.relations.length} 条 ▼`)
+          }, expandedRelations.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.relations.length} ▼`)
         ]),
-        
+
         // Sub-queries Tab
         activeTab.value === 'subqueries' && props.result.subQueries.length > 0 && h('div', { class: 'subqueries-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '漂移查询生成分析子问题'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.subQueries.length} 个`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Drift query generated sub-queries'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.subQueries.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'subqueries-list' },
             props.result.subQueries.map((sq, i) => 
@@ -1121,9 +1123,9 @@ const InsightDisplay = {
         ]),
         
         // Empty state
-        activeTab.value === 'facts' && props.result.facts.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无当前关键记忆'),
-        activeTab.value === 'entities' && props.result.entities.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无核心实体'),
-        activeTab.value === 'relations' && props.result.relations.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无关系链')
+        activeTab.value === 'facts' && props.result.facts.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No current key memories'),
+        activeTab.value === 'entities' && props.result.entities.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No core entities'),
+        activeTab.value === 'relations' && props.result.relations.length === 0 && h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No relation chains')
       ])
     ])
   }
@@ -1176,19 +1178,19 @@ const PanoramaDisplay = {
           class: ['panorama-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'active' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'active' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `当前有效记忆 (${props.result.activeFacts.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Currently valid memories (${props.result.activeFacts.length})`)
         ]),
         h('button', {
           class: ['panorama-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'historical' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'historical' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `历史记忆 (${props.result.historicalFacts.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Historical memories (${props.result.historicalFacts.length})`)
         ]),
         h('button', {
           class: ['panorama-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'entities' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'entities' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `涉及实体 (${props.result.entities.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Entities involved (${props.result.entities.length})`)
         ])
       ]),
       
@@ -1197,8 +1199,8 @@ const PanoramaDisplay = {
         // Active Facts Tab
         activeTab.value === 'active' && h('div', { class: 'facts-panel active-facts' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '当前有效记忆'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.activeFacts.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Currently valid memories'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.activeFacts.length}`)
           ]),
           props.result.activeFacts.length > 0 ? h('div', { class: 'facts-list' },
             (expandedActive.value ? props.result.activeFacts : props.result.activeFacts.slice(0, INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT)).map((fact, i) => 
@@ -1207,18 +1209,18 @@ const PanoramaDisplay = {
                 h('div', { class: 'fact-content' }, fact)
               ])
             )
-          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无当前有效记忆'),
+          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No currently valid memories'),
           props.result.activeFacts.length > INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedActive.value = !expandedActive.value }
-          }, expandedActive.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.activeFacts.length} 条 ▼`)
+          }, expandedActive.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.activeFacts.length} ▼`)
         ]),
         
         // Historical Facts Tab
         activeTab.value === 'historical' && h('div', { class: 'facts-panel historical-facts' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '历史记忆'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.historicalFacts.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Historical memories'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.historicalFacts.length}`)
           ]),
           props.result.historicalFacts.length > 0 ? h('div', { class: 'facts-list' },
             (expandedHistorical.value ? props.result.historicalFacts : props.result.historicalFacts.slice(0, INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT)).map((fact, i) => 
@@ -1239,18 +1241,18 @@ const PanoramaDisplay = {
                 ])
               ])
             )
-          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无历史记忆'),
+          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No historical memories'),
           props.result.historicalFacts.length > INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedHistorical.value = !expandedHistorical.value }
-          }, expandedHistorical.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.historicalFacts.length} 条 ▼`)
+          }, expandedHistorical.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.historicalFacts.length} ▼`)
         ]),
         
         // Entities Tab
         activeTab.value === 'entities' && h('div', { class: 'entities-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '涉及实体'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.entities.length} 个`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Entities involved'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.entities.length}`)
           ]),
           props.result.entities.length > 0 ? h('div', { class: 'entities-grid' },
             (expandedEntities.value ? props.result.entities : props.result.entities.slice(0, 8)).map((entity, i) => 
@@ -1259,11 +1261,11 @@ const PanoramaDisplay = {
                 entity.type && h('span', { class: 'entity-type' }, entity.type)
               ])
             )
-          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '暂无涉及实体'),
+          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No entities involved'),
           props.result.entities.length > 8 && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedEntities.value = !expandedEntities.value }
-          }, expandedEntities.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.entities.length} 个 ▼`)
+          }, expandedEntities.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.entities.length} ▼`)
         ])
       ])
     ])
@@ -1327,7 +1329,8 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
     const isPlaceholderText = (text) => {
       if (!text) return true
       const t = text.trim()
-      return t === '（该平台未获得回复）' || t === '(该平台未获得回复)' || t === '[无回复]'
+      return t === '（该平台未获得回复）' || t === '(该平台未获得回复)' || t === '[无回复]' ||
+             t === '(No response from this platform)' || t === '[No response]'
     }
 
     // 尝试按问题编号分割回答
@@ -1335,14 +1338,14 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
       if (!answerText || questionCount <= 0) return [answerText]
       if (isPlaceholderText(answerText)) return ['']
 
-      // 支持两种编号格式：
-      // 1. "问题X：" 或 "问题X:" （中文格式，后端新格式）
-      // 2. "1. " 或 "\n1. " （数字+点，旧格式兼容）
+      // Support two numbering formats:
+      // 1. "Question N:" or "问题N：" (English or Chinese format, new backend format)
+      // 2. "1. " or "\n1. " (number+period, old format compat)
       let matches = []
       let match
 
-      // 优先尝试 "问题X：" 格式
-      const cnPattern = /(?:^|[\r\n]+)问题(\d+)[：:]\s*/g
+      // Prefer "Question N:" / "问题N：" format (both Chinese and English)
+      const cnPattern = /(?:^|[\r\n]+)(?:问题|Question)\s*(\d+)[：:]\s*/g
       while ((match = cnPattern.exec(answerText)) !== null) {
         matches.push({
           num: parseInt(match[1]),
@@ -1363,10 +1366,10 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
         }
       }
 
-      // 如果没有找到编号或只找到一个，返回整体
+      // If no numbering found or only one, return the whole text
       if (matches.length <= 1) {
         const cleaned = answerText
-          .replace(/^问题\d+[：:]\s*/, '')
+          .replace(/^(?:问题|Question)\s*\d+[：:]\s*/, '')
           .replace(/^\d+\.\s+/, '')
           .trim()
         return [cleaned || answerText]
@@ -1465,9 +1468,9 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
           ])
         ]),
         
-        // Selection Reason - 选择理由
+        // Selection Reason
         props.result.interviews[activeIndex.value]?.selectionReason && h('div', { class: 'selection-reason' }, [
-          h('div', { class: 'reason-label' }, '选择理由'),
+          h('div', { class: 'reason-label' }, 'Selection reason'),
           h('div', { class: 'reason-content' }, props.result.interviews[activeIndex.value].selectionReason)
         ]),
         
@@ -1512,7 +1515,7 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
                           h('line', { x1: '2', y1: '12', x2: '22', y2: '12' }),
                           h('path', { d: 'M12 2a15.3 15.3 0 0 1 4 10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1-4 10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1-4-10 15.3 15.3 0 0 1 4-10z' })
                         ]),
-                        h('span', {}, '世界1')
+                        h('span', {}, 'World 1')
                       ]),
                       h('button', {
                         class: ['platform-btn', { active: currentPlatform === 'reddit' }],
@@ -1521,7 +1524,7 @@ const InterviewDisplay = {
                         h('svg', { class: 'platform-icon', viewBox: '0 0 24 24', width: 12, height: 12, fill: 'none', stroke: 'currentColor', 'stroke-width': 2 }, [
                           h('path', { d: 'M21 11.5a8.38 8.38 0 0 1-.9 3.8 8.5 8.5 0 0 1-7.6 4.7 8.38 8.38 0 0 1-3.8-.9L3 21l1.9-5.7a8.38 8.38 0 0 1-.9-3.8 8.5 8.5 0 0 1 4.7-7.6 8.38 8.38 0 0 1 3.8-.9h.5a8.48 8.48 0 0 1 8 8v.5z' })
                         ]),
-                        h('span', {}, '世界2')
+                        h('span', {}, 'World 2')
                       ])
                     ])
                   ]),
@@ -1610,7 +1613,7 @@ const QuickSearchDisplay = {
           ])
         ]),
         props.result.query && h('div', { class: 'header-query' }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'query-label' }, '搜索: '),
+          h('span', { class: 'query-label' }, 'Search: '),
           h('span', { class: 'query-text' }, props.result.query)
         ])
       ]),
@@ -1621,19 +1624,19 @@ const QuickSearchDisplay = {
           class: ['quicksearch-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'facts' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'facts' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `事实 (${props.result.facts.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Facts (${props.result.facts.length})`)
         ]),
         hasEdges.value && h('button', {
           class: ['quicksearch-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'edges' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'edges' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `关系 (${props.result.edges.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Relations (${props.result.edges.length})`)
         ]),
         hasNodes.value && h('button', {
           class: ['quicksearch-tab', { active: activeTab.value === 'nodes' }],
           onClick: () => { activeTab.value = 'nodes' }
         }, [
-          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `节点 (${props.result.nodes.length})`)
+          h('span', { class: 'tab-label' }, `Nodes (${props.result.nodes.length})`)
         ])
       ]),
       
@@ -1642,8 +1645,8 @@ const QuickSearchDisplay = {
         // Facts (always show if no tabs, or when facts tab is active)
         ((!showTabs.value) || activeTab.value === 'facts') && h('div', { class: 'facts-panel' }, [
           !showTabs.value && h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '搜索结果'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.facts.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Search results'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.facts.length}`)
           ]),
           props.result.facts.length > 0 ? h('div', { class: 'facts-list' },
             (expandedFacts.value ? props.result.facts : props.result.facts.slice(0, INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT)).map((fact, i) => 
@@ -1652,18 +1655,18 @@ const QuickSearchDisplay = {
                 h('div', { class: 'fact-content' }, fact)
               ])
             )
-          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, '未找到相关结果'),
+          ) : h('div', { class: 'empty-state' }, 'No results found'),
           props.result.facts.length > INITIAL_SHOW_COUNT && h('button', {
             class: 'expand-btn',
             onClick: () => { expandedFacts.value = !expandedFacts.value }
-          }, expandedFacts.value ? `收起 ▲` : `展开全部 ${props.result.facts.length} 条 ▼`)
+          }, expandedFacts.value ? `Collapse ▲` : `Expand all ${props.result.facts.length} ▼`)
         ]),
         
         // Edges Tab
         activeTab.value === 'edges' && hasEdges.value && h('div', { class: 'edges-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '相关关系'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.edges.length} 条`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Related relations'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.edges.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'edges-list' },
             props.result.edges.map((edge, i) => 
@@ -1683,8 +1686,8 @@ const QuickSearchDisplay = {
         // Nodes Tab
         activeTab.value === 'nodes' && hasNodes.value && h('div', { class: 'nodes-panel' }, [
           h('div', { class: 'panel-header' }, [
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, '相关节点'),
-            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `共 ${props.result.nodes.length} 个`)
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-title' }, 'Related nodes'),
+            h('span', { class: 'panel-count' }, `Total: ${props.result.nodes.length}`)
           ]),
           h('div', { class: 'nodes-grid' },
             props.result.nodes.map((node, i) => 
@@ -1776,7 +1779,7 @@ const activeStep = computed(() => {
   if (doneSteps.length > 0) return doneSteps[doneSteps.length - 1]
   
   // 否则返回第一个步骤
-  return steps[0] || { noLabel: '--', title: '等待开始', status: 'todo', meta: '' }
+  return steps[0] || { noLabel: '--', title: 'Waiting to start', status: 'todo', meta: '' }
 })
 
 const workflowSteps = computed(() => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
index 3d84c7ce0..cad695695 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                       <path d="M12 2a10 10 0 0 1 10 10" stroke-width="4" stroke="#4B5563" stroke-linecap="round"></path>
                     </svg>
                   </div>
-                  <span class="loading-text">正在生成{{ section.title }}...</span>
+                  <span class="loading-text">{{ $t('step5.generatingSection', { title: section.title }) }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
               <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="14" height="14" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
                 <path d="M14.7 6.3a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.4l1.6 1.6a1 1 0 0 0 1.4 0l3.77-3.77a6 6 0 0 1-7.94 7.94l-6.91 6.91a2.12 2.12 0 0 1-3-3l6.91-6.91a6 6 0 0 1 7.94-7.94l-3.76 3.76z"></path>
               </svg>
-              <span>与Report Agent对话</span>
+              <span>{{ $t('step5.tabReportAgent') }}</span>
             </button>
             <div class="agent-dropdown" v-if="profiles.length > 0">
               <button 
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@
                   <path d="M20 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
                   <circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
                 </svg>
-                <span>{{ selectedAgent ? selectedAgent.username : '与世界中任意个体对话' }}</span>
+                <span>{{ selectedAgent ? selectedAgent.username : $t('step5.tabAgent') }}</span>
                 <svg class="dropdown-arrow" :class="{ open: showAgentDropdown }" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
                   <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
                 </svg>
               </button>
               <div v-if="showAgentDropdown" class="dropdown-menu">
-                <div class="dropdown-header">选择对话对象</div>
+                <div class="dropdown-header">{{ $t('step5.selectAgent') }}</div>
                 <div 
                   v-for="(agent, idx) in profiles" 
                   :key="idx"
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
                   <div class="agent-avatar">{{ (agent.username || 'A')[0] }}</div>
                   <div class="agent-info">
                     <span class="agent-name">{{ agent.username }}</span>
-                    <span class="agent-role">{{ agent.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                    <span class="agent-role">{{ agent.profession || $t('common.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
                 <path d="M9 11l3 3L22 4"></path>
                 <path d="M21 12v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h11"></path>
               </svg>
-              <span>发送问卷调查到世界中</span>
+              <span>{{ $t('step5.tabSurvey') }}</span>
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
               <div class="tools-card-avatar">R</div>
               <div class="tools-card-info">
                 <div class="tools-card-name">Report Agent - Chat</div>
-                <div class="tools-card-subtitle">报告生成智能体的快速对话版本，可调用 4 种专业工具，拥有MiroFish的完整记忆</div>
+                <div class="tools-card-subtitle">{{ $t('step5.toolsCardSubtitle') }}</div>
               </div>
               <button class="tools-card-toggle" @click="showToolsDetail = !showToolsDetail">
                 <svg :class="{ 'is-expanded': showToolsDetail }" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@
                     </svg>
                   </div>
                   <div class="tool-content">
-                    <div class="tool-name">InsightForge 深度归因</div>
-                    <div class="tool-desc">对齐现实世界种子数据与模拟环境状态，结合Global/Local Memory机制，提供跨时空的深度归因分析</div>
+                    <div class="tool-name">{{ $t('step5.toolInsightForge') }}</div>
+                    <div class="tool-desc">{{ $t('step5.toolInsightForgeDesc') }}</div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="tool-item tool-blue">
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@
                     </svg>
                   </div>
                   <div class="tool-content">
-                    <div class="tool-name">PanoramaSearch 全景追踪</div>
-                    <div class="tool-desc">基于图结构的广度遍历算法，重构事件传播路径，捕获全量信息流动的拓扑结构</div>
+                    <div class="tool-name">{{ $t('step5.toolPanoramaSearch') }}</div>
+                    <div class="tool-desc">{{ $t('step5.toolPanoramaSearchDesc') }}</div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="tool-item tool-orange">
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@
                     </svg>
                   </div>
                   <div class="tool-content">
-                    <div class="tool-name">QuickSearch 快速检索</div>
-                    <div class="tool-desc">基于 GraphRAG 的即时查询接口，优化索引效率，用于快速提取具体的节点属性与离散事实</div>
+                    <div class="tool-name">{{ $t('step5.toolQuickSearch') }}</div>
+                    <div class="tool-desc">{{ $t('step5.toolQuickSearchDesc') }}</div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="tool-item tool-green">
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@
                     </svg>
                   </div>
                   <div class="tool-content">
-                    <div class="tool-name">InterviewSubAgent 虚拟访谈</div>
-                    <div class="tool-desc">自主式访谈，能够并行与模拟世界中个体进行多轮对话，采集非结构化的观点数据与心理状态</div>
+                    <div class="tool-name">{{ $t('step5.toolInterviewAgent') }}</div>
+                    <div class="tool-desc">{{ $t('step5.toolInterviewAgentDesc') }}</div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
                 <div class="profile-card-name">{{ selectedAgent.username }}</div>
                 <div class="profile-card-meta">
                   <span v-if="selectedAgent.name" class="profile-card-handle">@{{ selectedAgent.name }}</span>
-                  <span class="profile-card-profession">{{ selectedAgent.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                  <span class="profile-card-profession">{{ selectedAgent.profession || $t('common.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <button class="profile-card-toggle" @click="showFullProfile = !showFullProfile">
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
             </div>
             <div v-if="showFullProfile && selectedAgent.bio" class="profile-card-body">
               <div class="profile-card-bio">
-                <div class="profile-card-label">简介</div>
+                <div class="profile-card-label">{{ $t('step5.profileLabel') }}</div>
                 <p>{{ selectedAgent.bio }}</p>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
                 </svg>
               </div>
               <p class="empty-text">
-                {{ chatTarget === 'report_agent' ? '与 Report Agent 对话，深入了解报告内容' : '与模拟个体对话，了解他们的观点' }}
+                {{ chatTarget === 'report_agent' ? $t('step5.chatEmptyReport') : $t('step5.chatEmptyAgent') }}
               </p>
             </div>
             <div 
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
             <textarea 
               v-model="chatInput"
               class="chat-input"
-              placeholder="输入您的问题..."
+              :placeholder="$t('step5.chatPlaceholder')"
               @keydown.enter.exact.prevent="sendMessage"
               :disabled="isSending || (!selectedAgent && chatTarget === 'agent')"
               rows="1"
@@ -317,8 +317,8 @@
           <div class="survey-setup">
             <div class="setup-section">
               <div class="section-header">
-                <span class="section-title">选择调查对象</span>
-                <span class="selection-count">已选 {{ selectedAgents.size }} / {{ profiles.length }}</span>
+                <span class="section-title">{{ $t('step5.surveySelectTitle') }}</span>
+                <span class="selection-count">{{ $t('step5.surveySelected', { n: selectedAgents.size, total: profiles.length }) }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="agents-grid">
                 <label 
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
                   <div class="checkbox-avatar">{{ (agent.username || 'A')[0] }}</div>
                   <div class="checkbox-info">
                     <span class="checkbox-name">{{ agent.username }}</span>
-                    <span class="checkbox-role">{{ agent.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                    <span class="checkbox-role">{{ agent.profession || $t('common.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="checkbox-indicator">
                     <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16" height="16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="3">
@@ -345,20 +345,20 @@
                 </label>
               </div>
               <div class="selection-actions">
-                <button class="action-link" @click="selectAllAgents">全选</button>
+                <button class="action-link" @click="selectAllAgents">{{ $t('common.selectAll') }}</button>
                 <span class="action-divider">|</span>
-                <button class="action-link" @click="clearAgentSelection">清空</button>
+                <button class="action-link" @click="clearAgentSelection">{{ $t('common.clear') }}</button>
               </div>
             </div>
 
             <div class="setup-section">
               <div class="section-header">
-                <span class="section-title">问卷问题</span>
+                <span class="section-title">{{ $t('step5.surveyQuestionTitle') }}</span>
               </div>
               <textarea 
                 v-model="surveyQuestion"
                 class="survey-input"
-                placeholder="输入您想问所有被选中对象的问题..."
+                :placeholder="$t('step5.surveyPlaceholder')"
                 rows="3"
               ></textarea>
             </div>
@@ -369,15 +369,15 @@
               @click="submitSurvey"
             >
               <span v-if="isSurveying" class="loading-spinner"></span>
-              <span v-else>发送问卷</span>
+              <span v-else>{{ $t('step5.surveySubmit') }}</span>
             </button>
           </div>
 
           <!-- Survey Results -->
           <div v-if="surveyResults.length > 0" class="survey-results">
             <div class="results-header">
-              <span class="results-title">调查结果</span>
-              <span class="results-count">{{ surveyResults.length }} 条回复</span>
+              <span class="results-title">{{ $t('step5.surveyResultsTitle') }}</span>
+              <span class="results-count">{{ $t('step5.surveyResultsCount', { n: surveyResults.length }) }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="results-list">
               <div 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@
                   <div class="result-avatar">{{ (result.agent_name || 'A')[0] }}</div>
                   <div class="result-info">
                     <span class="result-name">{{ result.agent_name }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-role">{{ result.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                    <span class="result-role">{{ result.profession || $t('common.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="result-question">
@@ -412,9 +412,12 @@
 
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { chatWithReport, getReport, getAgentLog } from '../api/report'
 import { interviewAgents, getSimulationProfilesRealtime } from '../api/simulation'
 
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String,
   simulationId: String
@@ -535,7 +538,7 @@ const selectAgent = (agent, idx) => {
   
   // 恢复该 Agent 的对话记录
   chatHistory.value = chatHistoryCache.value[`agent_${idx}`] || []
-  addLog(`选择对话对象: ${agent.username}`)
+  addLog(`${t('step5.selectAgent')}: ${agent.username}`)
 }
 
 const formatTime = (timestamp) => {
@@ -662,10 +665,10 @@ const sendMessage = async () => {
       await sendToAgent(message)
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`发送失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(`Send failed: ${err.message}`)
     chatHistory.value.push({
       role: 'assistant',
-      content: `抱歉，发生了错误: ${err.message}`,
+      content: `Sorry, an error occurred: ${err.message}`,
       timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
     })
   } finally {
@@ -677,7 +680,7 @@ const sendMessage = async () => {
 }
 
 const sendToReportAgent = async (message) => {
-  addLog(`向 Report Agent 发送: ${message.substring(0, 50)}...`)
+  addLog(`Sending to Report Agent: ${message.substring(0, 50)}...`)
   
   // Build chat history for API
   const historyForApi = chatHistory.value
@@ -697,21 +700,21 @@ const sendToReportAgent = async (message) => {
   if (res.success && res.data) {
     chatHistory.value.push({
       role: 'assistant',
-      content: res.data.response || res.data.answer || '无响应',
+      content: res.data.response || res.data.answer || 'No response',
       timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
     })
-    addLog('Report Agent 已回复')
+    addLog('Report Agent replied')
   } else {
-    throw new Error(res.error || '请求失败')
+    throw new Error(res.error || 'Request failed')
   }
 }
 
 const sendToAgent = async (message) => {
   if (!selectedAgent.value || selectedAgentIndex.value === null) {
-    throw new Error('请先选择一个模拟个体')
+    throw new Error('Please select a simulated individual first')
   }
-  
-  addLog(`向 ${selectedAgent.value.username} 发送: ${message.substring(0, 50)}...`)
+
+  addLog(`Sending to ${selectedAgent.value.username}: ${message.substring(0, 50)}...`)
   
   // Build prompt with chat history
   let prompt = message
@@ -719,9 +722,9 @@ const sendToAgent = async (message) => {
     const historyContext = chatHistory.value
       .filter(msg => msg.content !== message)
       .slice(-6)
-      .map(msg => `${msg.role === 'user' ? '提问者' : '你'}：${msg.content}`)
+      .map(msg => `${msg.role === 'user' ? 'Questioner' : 'You'}: ${msg.content}`)
       .join('\n')
-    prompt = `以下是我们之前的对话：\n${historyContext}\n\n现在我的新问题是：${message}`
+    prompt = `Here is our previous conversation:\n${historyContext}\n\nMy new question is: ${message}`
   }
   
   const res = await interviewAgents({
@@ -761,12 +764,12 @@ const sendToAgent = async (message) => {
         content: responseContent,
         timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
       })
-      addLog(`${selectedAgent.value.username} 已回复`)
+      addLog(`${selectedAgent.value.username} replied`)
     } else {
-      throw new Error('无响应数据')
+      throw new Error('No response data')
     }
   } else {
-    throw new Error(res.error || '请求失败')
+    throw new Error(res.error || 'Request failed')
   }
 }
 
@@ -803,7 +806,7 @@ const submitSurvey = async () => {
   if (selectedAgents.value.size === 0 || !surveyQuestion.value.trim()) return
   
   isSurveying.value = true
-  addLog(`发送问卷给 ${selectedAgents.value.size} 个对象...`)
+  addLog(`Sending survey to ${selectedAgents.value.size} targets...`)
   
   try {
     const interviews = Array.from(selectedAgents.value).map(idx => ({
@@ -830,20 +833,20 @@ const submitSurvey = async () => {
         const agent = profiles.value[agentIdx]
         
         // 优先使用 reddit 平台回复，其次 twitter
-        let responseContent = '无响应'
-        
+        let responseContent = 'No response'
+
         if (typeof resultsDict === 'object' && !Array.isArray(resultsDict)) {
           const redditKey = `reddit_${agentIdx}`
           const twitterKey = `twitter_${agentIdx}`
           const agentResult = resultsDict[redditKey] || resultsDict[twitterKey]
           if (agentResult) {
-            responseContent = agentResult.response || agentResult.answer || '无响应'
+            responseContent = agentResult.response || agentResult.answer || 'No response'
           }
         } else if (Array.isArray(resultsDict)) {
-          // 兼容数组格式
+          // Compatible with array format
           const matchedResult = resultsDict.find(r => r.agent_id === agentIdx)
           if (matchedResult) {
-            responseContent = matchedResult.response || matchedResult.answer || '无响应'
+            responseContent = matchedResult.response || matchedResult.answer || 'No response'
           }
         }
         
@@ -857,12 +860,12 @@ const submitSurvey = async () => {
       }
       
       surveyResults.value = surveyResultsList
-      addLog(`收到 ${surveyResults.value.length} 条回复`)
+      addLog(`Received ${surveyResults.value.length} responses`)
     } else {
-      throw new Error(res.error || '请求失败')
+      throw new Error(res.error || 'Request failed')
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`问卷发送失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(`Survey send failed: ${err.message}`)
   } finally {
     isSurveying.value = false
   }
@@ -873,8 +876,8 @@ const loadReportData = async () => {
   if (!props.reportId) return
   
   try {
-    addLog(`加载报告数据: ${props.reportId}`)
-    
+    addLog(`Loading report data: ${props.reportId}`)
+
     // Get report info
     const reportRes = await getReport(props.reportId)
     if (reportRes.success && reportRes.data) {
@@ -882,7 +885,7 @@ const loadReportData = async () => {
       await loadAgentLogs()
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载报告失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(`Failed to load report: ${err.message}`)
   }
 }
 
@@ -904,10 +907,10 @@ const loadAgentLogs = async () => {
         }
       })
       
-      addLog('报告数据加载完成')
+      addLog('Report data loaded')
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载报告日志失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(`Failed to load report logs: ${err.message}`)
   }
 }
 
@@ -918,10 +921,10 @@ const loadProfiles = async () => {
     const res = await getSimulationProfilesRealtime(props.simulationId, 'reddit')
     if (res.success && res.data) {
       profiles.value = res.data.profiles || []
-      addLog(`加载了 ${profiles.value.length} 个模拟个体`)
+      addLog(`Loaded ${profiles.value.length} simulated individuals`)
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载模拟个体失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(`Failed to load simulated individuals: ${err.message}`)
   }
 }
 
@@ -935,7 +938,7 @@ const handleClickOutside = (e) => {
 
 // Lifecycle
 onMounted(() => {
-  addLog('Step5 深度互动初始化')
+  addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'Step5' }))
   loadReportData()
   loadProfiles()
   document.addEventListener('click', handleClickOutside)
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/en.json b/frontend/src/i18n/en.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18eaa706e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/en.json
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "graph": "Graph",
+    "split": "Split",
+    "workbench": "Workbench",
+    "stepNames": ["Graph Build", "Env Setup", "Simulation", "Report", "Interaction"],
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "error": "Error",
+    "ready": "Ready",
+    "completed": "Completed",
+    "inProgress": "In Progress",
+    "waiting": "Waiting",
+    "generating": "Generating",
+    "initializing": "Initializing...",
+    "unknown": "Unknown",
+    "unknownError": "Unknown error",
+    "unknownFile": "Unknown file",
+    "unknownProfession": "Unknown profession",
+    "noBio": "No bio available",
+    "none": "None",
+    "rounds": "rounds",
+    "roundUnit": "rounds",
+    "minuteUnit": "min",
+    "hourUnit": "hrs",
+    "ageUnit": "yrs",
+    "countUnit": "",
+    "notStarted": "Not started",
+    "send": "Send",
+    "selectAll": "Select All",
+    "clear": "Clear",
+    "male": "Male",
+    "female": "Female",
+    "other": "Other"
+  },
+  "meta": {
+    "description": "MiroFish - Social Media Opinion Simulation System",
+    "title": "MiroFish - Predict Anything"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "githubLink": "Visit our GitHub page",
+    "langSwitch": "中文"
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "tagline": "A Simple & Universal Swarm Intelligence Engine",
+    "version": "/ v0.1-Preview",
+    "titleLine1": "Upload Any Report",
+    "titleLine2": "Predict the Future Instantly",
+    "descPart1": "Even with just a paragraph, ",
+    "descBold": "MiroFish",
+    "descPart2": " can extract real-world seeds to auto-generate a parallel world of up to ",
+    "descOrange": "millions of Agents",
+    "descPart3": ". Inject variables from a God's-eye view and find the ",
+    "descCode": "\"local optimum\"",
+    "descPart4": " through complex swarm interactions",
+    "slogan": "Rehearse the future in agent swarms, win decisions after countless simulations",
+    "systemStatus": "System Status",
+    "statusReady": "Ready",
+    "statusDesc": "Prediction engine standing by. Upload unstructured data to initialize the simulation sequence",
+    "metricLowCost": "Low Cost",
+    "metricLowCostLabel": "Avg. $5 per simulation",
+    "metricHighAvail": "High Availability",
+    "metricHighAvailLabel": "Up to millions of agents",
+    "workflowTitle": "Workflow Sequence",
+    "step01Title": "Graph Build",
+    "step01Desc": "Seed extraction & Individual/collective memory injection & GraphRAG construction",
+    "step02Title": "Env Setup",
+    "step02Desc": "Entity relation extraction & Persona generation & Agent config injection",
+    "step03Title": "Simulation",
+    "step03Desc": "Dual-platform parallel simulation & Auto-parse prediction needs & Dynamic temporal memory",
+    "step04Title": "Report Generation",
+    "step04Desc": "ReportAgent with rich toolset for deep interaction with post-simulation environment",
+    "step05Title": "Deep Interaction",
+    "step05Desc": "Chat with any agent in the simulated world & Chat with ReportAgent",
+    "consoleSeeds": "01 / Real-world Seeds",
+    "consoleFormat": "Supported: PDF, MD, TXT",
+    "uploadTitle": "Drag & drop files here",
+    "uploadHint": "or click to browse files",
+    "inputParams": "Input Parameters",
+    "consolePrompt": ">_ 02 / Simulation Prompt",
+    "promptPlaceholder": "// Describe your simulation or prediction needs in natural language (e.g. What public opinion trends would emerge if a university reversed a disciplinary decision?)",
+    "engineBadge": "Engine: MiroFish-V1.0",
+    "startEngine": "Launch Engine",
+    "startEngineLoading": "Initializing..."
+  },
+  "history": {
+    "title": "Simulation History",
+    "graphBuild": "Graph Build",
+    "envSetup": "Env Setup",
+    "report": "Report",
+    "filesMore": "+{n} files",
+    "noFiles": "No files",
+    "unnamed": "Unnamed Simulation",
+    "roundsDisplay": "{current}/{total} rounds",
+    "requirement": "Simulation Requirement",
+    "relatedFiles": "Related Files",
+    "noRelatedFiles": "No related files",
+    "playback": "Simulation Playback",
+    "playbackHint": "Step 3 \"Simulation\" and Step 5 \"Interaction\" must be started in real-time and cannot be replayed from history",
+    "goToGraphBuild": "Graph Build",
+    "goToEnvSetup": "Env Setup",
+    "goToReport": "Report"
+  },
+  "graphPanel": {
+    "refresh": "Refresh Graph",
+    "maximize": "Maximize / Restore",
+    "hintSimulation": "GraphRAG long/short-term memory updating in real time",
+    "hintBuild": "Updating in real time...",
+    "hintFinished": "Some content is still processing. You may refresh the graph manually later.",
+    "loadingGraph": "Loading graph data...",
+    "waitingOntology": "Waiting for ontology generation..."
+  },
+  "step1": {
+    "ontologyTitle": "Ontology Generation",
+    "ontologyDesc": "LLM analyzes document content and simulation needs, extracts real-world seeds, and auto-generates an appropriate ontology structure",
+    "analyzingDocs": "Analyzing documents...",
+    "graphBuildTitle": "GraphRAG Build",
+    "graphBuildDesc": "Based on the generated ontology, documents are auto-chunked and sent to Zep to build a knowledge graph, extracting entities and relations to form temporal memory and community summaries",
+    "entityNodes": "Entity Nodes",
+    "edges": "Edges",
+    "schemaTypes": "SCHEMA Types",
+    "buildCompleteTitle": "Build Complete",
+    "buildCompleteDesc": "Graph construction is complete. Proceed to set up the simulation environment.",
+    "creating": "Creating...",
+    "enterEnvSetup": "Enter Env Setup",
+    "missingInfo": "Missing project or graph info",
+    "createSimFailed": "Failed to create simulation: ",
+    "createSimError": "Simulation creation error: "
+  },
+  "step2": {
+    "initTitle": "Simulation Instance Init",
+    "initBadge": "Init",
+    "initDesc": "Create a new simulation instance and pull simulation world parameter templates",
+    "taskCompleted": "Async task completed",
+    "profileTitle": "Generate Agent Personas",
+    "profileDesc": "Combining context, auto-invoke tools to comb entities and relations from the knowledge graph, initialize simulation individuals, and assign them unique behaviors and memories based on real-world seeds",
+    "currentAgents": "Current Agents",
+    "expectedAgents": "Expected Agents",
+    "relatedTopics": "Related Topics",
+    "generatedProfiles": "Generated Agent Personas",
+    "configTitle": "Generate Dual-Platform Simulation Config",
+    "configDesc": "LLM intelligently configures world time flow, recommendation algorithms, each individual's active periods, posting frequency, event triggers, and more based on simulation needs and real-world seeds",
+    "simDuration": "Sim Duration",
+    "roundDuration": "Round Duration",
+    "totalRounds": "Total Rounds",
+    "hourlyActive": "Hourly Active",
+    "peakHours": "Peak Hours",
+    "workHours": "Work Hours",
+    "morningHours": "Morning Hours",
+    "offPeakHours": "Off-Peak Hours",
+    "agentConfig": "Agent Config",
+    "activePeriods": "Active Periods",
+    "postsPerHour": "Posts/hr",
+    "commentsPerHour": "Comments/hr",
+    "responseDelay": "Response Delay",
+    "activityLevel": "Activity Level",
+    "sentimentBias": "Sentiment Bias",
+    "influence": "Influence",
+    "recoAlgoConfig": "Recommendation Algorithm Config",
+    "platform1": "Platform 1: Feed / Timeline",
+    "platform2": "Platform 2: Topic / Community",
+    "recencyWeight": "Recency Weight",
+    "popularityWeight": "Popularity Weight",
+    "relevanceWeight": "Relevance Weight",
+    "viralThreshold": "Viral Threshold",
+    "echoChamber": "Echo Chamber Strength",
+    "llmConfigReasoning": "LLM Config Reasoning",
+    "activationTitle": "Initial Activation Orchestration",
+    "activationBadge": "Orchestrating",
+    "activationDesc": "Based on narrative direction, auto-generate initial activation events and trending topics to guide the initial state of the simulated world",
+    "narrativeDirection": "Narrative Direction",
+    "initialTopics": "Initial Trending Topics",
+    "activationSequence": "Initial Activation Sequence ({count})",
+    "readyTitle": "Ready to Go",
+    "readyDesc": "Simulation environment is ready. You can start running the simulation.",
+    "roundSettings": "Simulation Rounds Setting",
+    "roundSettingsDesc": "MiroFish auto-plans simulation of {hours} real-world hours, each round represents {minutes} minutes of real time",
+    "customToggle": "Custom",
+    "roundsUnit": "rounds",
+    "estimatedTime": "If Agent count is 100: Estimated ~{minutes} minutes",
+    "recommendedMark": "40 (Recommended)",
+    "autoEstimate": "If Agent count is 100: Estimated {minutes} minutes",
+    "firstRunTip": "If this is your first run, we strongly recommend switching to 'Custom' mode to reduce rounds for a quick preview and to lower error risk",
+    "backToGraph": "Back to Graph Build",
+    "startSimulation": "Start Dual-World Parallel Simulation",
+    "apparentAge": "Apparent Age",
+    "apparentGender": "Apparent Gender",
+    "countryRegion": "Country / Region",
+    "apparentMBTI": "Apparent MBTI",
+    "personaBio": "Persona Bio",
+    "relatedTopicsModal": "Related Topics from Seeds",
+    "detailedBackground": "Detailed Persona Background",
+    "fullExperience": "Full Event Experience",
+    "fullExperienceDesc": "Complete behavioral trajectory in this event",
+    "behaviorProfile": "Behavior Profile",
+    "behaviorProfileDesc": "Summary of experience and behavioral style preferences",
+    "uniqueMemory": "Unique Memory Imprint",
+    "uniqueMemoryDesc": "Memories formed from real-world seeds",
+    "socialNetwork": "Social Network",
+    "socialNetworkDesc": "Individual links and interaction graph",
+    "startSimCustom": "Starting simulation, custom rounds: {n} rounds",
+    "startSimAuto": "Starting simulation, using auto-configured rounds: {n} rounds",
+    "errorMissingSimId": "Error: Missing simulationId",
+    "simInstanceCreated": "Simulation instance created: {id}",
+    "preparingEnv": "Preparing simulation environment...",
+    "existingPrepDetected": "Existing preparation detected, reusing it",
+    "prepTaskStarted": "Preparation task started",
+    "zepEntities": "Read {n} entities from Zep graph",
+    "entityTypes": "Entity types: {types}",
+    "pollingProgress": "Starting to poll preparation progress...",
+    "prepFailed": "Preparation failed: {msg}",
+    "prepError": "Preparation error: {msg}",
+    "prepComplete": "Preparation complete",
+    "prepFailedStatus": "Preparation failed: {msg}",
+    "generateAgentPersonas": "Generate Agent Personas",
+    "startGeneratingConfig": "Starting to generate dual-platform simulation config...",
+    "prepareSimScript": "Prepare Simulation Script"
+  },
+  "step3": {
+    "startReportBtn": "Generate Results Report",
+    "startReportBtnLoading": "Starting...",
+    "errorMissingSimId": "Error: Missing simulationId",
+    "launchingSimulation": "Launching dual-platform parallel simulation...",
+    "setMaxRounds": "Set max simulation rounds: {n}",
+    "dynamicGraphEnabled": "Dynamic graph update mode enabled",
+    "oldLogsCleared": "Old simulation logs cleared, restarting simulation",
+    "engineStarted": "Simulation engine started successfully",
+    "startFailed": "Start failed",
+    "startFailedMsg": "Start failed: {msg}",
+    "startError": "Start error: {msg}",
+    "stoppingSimulation": "Stopping simulation...",
+    "simStopped": "Simulation stopped",
+    "stopFailed": "Stop failed: {msg}",
+    "stopError": "Stop error: {msg}",
+    "allPlatformsDone": "All platform simulations have ended",
+    "simCompleted": "Simulation completed",
+    "reportRequested": "Report generation requested, please wait...",
+    "launchingReport": "Launching report generation...",
+    "reportTaskStarted": "Report generation task started: {reportId}",
+    "reportStartFailed": "Failed to start report generation: {msg}",
+    "reportStartError": "Report generation start error: {msg}",
+    "simRunInit": "Step3 simulation run initialized"
+  },
+  "step4": {
+    "generatingSection": "Generating {title}...",
+    "enterInteraction": "Enter Deep Interaction"
+  },
+  "step5": {
+    "generatingSection": "Generating {title}...",
+    "tabReportAgent": "Chat with Report Agent",
+    "tabAgent": "Chat with any individual in the world",
+    "tabSurvey": "Send survey to the world",
+    "selectAgent": "Select conversation partner",
+    "toolsCardSubtitle": "A quick conversational version of the report generation agent, equipped with 4 professional tools and full MiroFish memory",
+    "toolInsightForge": "InsightForge Deep Attribution",
+    "toolInsightForgeDesc": "Aligns real-world seed data with simulation environment state, combining Global/Local Memory mechanism for cross-spatiotemporal deep attribution analysis",
+    "toolPanoramaSearch": "PanoramaSearch Full Tracking",
+    "toolPanoramaSearchDesc": "Breadth-first traversal algorithm based on graph structure, reconstructing event propagation paths and capturing full information flow topology",
+    "toolQuickSearch": "QuickSearch Quick Retrieval",
+    "toolQuickSearchDesc": "Instant query interface based on GraphRAG, optimized indexing efficiency for fast extraction of specific node attributes and discrete facts",
+    "toolInterviewAgent": "InterviewSubAgent Virtual Interview",
+    "toolInterviewAgentDesc": "Autonomous interviewing capability that conducts multi-round parallel conversations with simulated individuals, collecting unstructured opinions and psychological states",
+    "profileLabel": "Bio",
+    "chatEmptyReport": "Chat with Report Agent to explore report content in depth",
+    "chatEmptyAgent": "Chat with simulated individuals to learn their perspectives",
+    "chatPlaceholder": "Enter your question...",
+    "surveySelectTitle": "Select survey targets",
+    "surveySelected": "Selected {n} / {total}",
+    "surveyQuestionTitle": "Survey question",
+    "surveyPlaceholder": "Enter the question you want to ask all selected targets...",
+    "surveySubmit": "Send Survey",
+    "surveyResultsTitle": "Survey Results",
+    "surveyResultsCount": "{n} responses"
+  },
+  "views": {
+    "enterStep": "Entering Step {step}: {name}",
+    "returnStep": "Returning to Step {step}: {name}",
+    "customRounds": "Custom simulation rounds: {n} rounds",
+    "useAutoRounds": "Using auto-configured simulation rounds",
+    "simEnvRunning": "Simulation environment detected running, shutting down...",
+    "simEnvClosed": "Simulation environment closed",
+    "simEnvCloseFailed": "Failed to close simulation environment: {msg}",
+    "simEnvCloseError": "Error closing simulation environment: {msg}",
+    "simRunning": "Simulation status detected as running, stopping...",
+    "simForceStopped": "Simulation force-stopped",
+    "simForceStopFailed": "Force stop failed: {msg}",
+    "simForceStopError": "Force stop error: {msg}",
+    "loadingSimData": "Loading simulation data: {id}",
+    "projectLoaded": "Project loaded successfully: {id}",
+    "loadSimFailed": "Failed to load simulation data: {msg}",
+    "loadError": "Load error: {msg}",
+    "graphDataLoaded": "Graph data loaded successfully",
+    "graphLoadFailed": "Graph load failed: {msg}",
+    "viewInit": "{view} initialized",
+    "prepareBackStep2": "Preparing to return to Step 2, shutting down simulation...",
+    "closingSimEnv": "Closing simulation environment...",
+    "closeFailed": "Close failed, attempting force stop...",
+    "stoppingSim": "Stopping simulation process...",
+    "checkStatusFailed": "Check simulation status failed: {msg}",
+    "enterStep4": "Entering Step 4: Report Generation",
+    "timeConfig": "Time config: {minutes} min per round",
+    "timeConfigFailed": "Failed to get time config, using default: {minutes} min/round",
+    "graphRefreshStarted": "Started real-time graph refresh (30s)",
+    "graphRefreshStopped": "Stopped real-time graph refresh",
+    "loadingReportData": "Loading report data: {id}",
+    "reportInfoFailed": "Failed to get report info: {msg}"
+  },
+  "process": {
+    "graphBuildTitle": "Graph Build",
+    "realtimeGraph": "Real-time Knowledge Graph",
+    "nodes": "Nodes",
+    "edges": "Edges",
+    "refreshGraph": "Refresh Graph",
+    "exitFullscreen": "Exit Fullscreen",
+    "enterFullscreen": "Enter Fullscreen",
+    "realtimeUpdate": "Updating in real time...",
+    "loadingGraphData": "Loading graph data...",
+    "waitingOntology": "Waiting for ontology generation",
+    "ontologyHint": "Graph construction will start automatically after generation",
+    "graphBuilding": "Building Graph",
+    "graphBuildingHint": "Data will appear shortly...",
+    "buildFlow": "Build Flow",
+    "ontologyGen": "Ontology Generation",
+    "apiDescription": "API Description",
+    "ontologyApiDesc": "After uploading documents, LLM analyzes the content and auto-generates an ontology structure suitable for opinion simulation (entity types + relation types)",
+    "genProgress": "Generation Progress",
+    "entityTypes": "Generated Entity Types ({count})",
+    "relationTypes": "Generated Relation Types ({count})",
+    "moreRelations": "+{n} more relations...",
+    "waitingForOntology": "Waiting for ontology generation...",
+    "graphBuildPhase": "Graph Build",
+    "graphApiDesc": "Based on the generated ontology, document chunks are sent to Zep API to build a knowledge graph, extracting entities and relations",
+    "waitingOntologyComplete": "Waiting for ontology generation to complete...",
+    "buildProgress": "Build Progress",
+    "buildResults": "Build Results",
+    "entityNodesLabel": "Entity Nodes",
+    "edgesLabel": "Edges",
+    "entityTypesLabel": "Entity Types",
+    "buildComplete": "Build Complete",
+    "readyForNext": "Ready for next step",
+    "enterEnvSetup": "Enter Env Setup",
+    "projectInfo": "Project Info",
+    "projectName": "Project Name",
+    "projectId": "Project ID",
+    "graphId": "Graph ID",
+    "simRequirement": "Simulation Requirement",
+    "statusBuildFailed": "Build Failed",
+    "statusBuildComplete": "Build Complete",
+    "statusGraphBuilding": "Building Graph",
+    "statusOntologyGen": "Generating Ontology",
+    "statusInitializing": "Initializing",
+    "envSetupDeveloping": "Env setup feature in development..."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/index.js b/frontend/src/i18n/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cc82a099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+import en from './en.json'
+import zh from './zh.json'
+
+const savedLocale = localStorage.getItem('mirofish-locale') || 'en'
+
+const i18n = createI18n({
+  legacy: false,
+  locale: savedLocale,
+  fallbackLocale: 'en',
+  messages: { en, zh }
+})
+
+export function setLocale(locale) {
+  i18n.global.locale.value = locale
+  localStorage.setItem('mirofish-locale', locale)
+  document.documentElement.lang = locale === 'zh' ? 'zh-CN' : 'en'
+}
+
+export default i18n
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/zh.json b/frontend/src/i18n/zh.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8e52f9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/zh.json
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+{
+  "common": {
+    "graph": "图谱",
+    "split": "双栏",
+    "workbench": "工作台",
+    "stepNames": ["图谱构建", "环境搭建", "开始模拟", "报告生成", "深度互动"],
+    "loading": "加载中...",
+    "error": "错误",
+    "ready": "准备就绪",
+    "completed": "已完成",
+    "inProgress": "进行中",
+    "waiting": "等待",
+    "generating": "生成中",
+    "initializing": "初始化中...",
+    "unknown": "未知",
+    "unknownError": "未知错误",
+    "unknownFile": "未知文件",
+    "unknownProfession": "未知职业",
+    "noBio": "暂无简介",
+    "none": "无",
+    "rounds": "轮",
+    "roundUnit": "轮",
+    "minuteUnit": "分钟",
+    "hourUnit": "小时",
+    "ageUnit": "岁",
+    "countUnit": "个",
+    "notStarted": "未开始",
+    "send": "发送",
+    "selectAll": "全选",
+    "clear": "清空",
+    "male": "男",
+    "female": "女",
+    "other": "其他"
+  },
+  "meta": {
+    "description": "MiroFish - 社交媒体舆论模拟系统",
+    "title": "MiroFish - 预测万物"
+  },
+  "nav": {
+    "githubLink": "访问我们的Github主页",
+    "langSwitch": "EN"
+  },
+  "home": {
+    "tagline": "简洁通用的群体智能引擎",
+    "version": "/ v0.1-预览版",
+    "titleLine1": "上传任意报告",
+    "titleLine2": "即刻推演未来",
+    "descPart1": "即使只有一段文字，",
+    "descBold": "MiroFish",
+    "descPart2": " 也能基于其中的现实种子，全自动生成与之对应的至多",
+    "descOrange": "百万级Agent",
+    "descPart3": "构成的平行世界。通过上帝视角注入变量，在复杂的群体交互中寻找动态环境下的",
+    "descCode": "\"局部最优解\"",
+    "descPart4": "",
+    "slogan": "让未来在 Agent 群中预演，让决策在百战后胜出",
+    "systemStatus": "系统状态",
+    "statusReady": "准备就绪",
+    "statusDesc": "预测引擎待命中，可上传多份非结构化数据以初始化模拟序列",
+    "metricLowCost": "低成本",
+    "metricLowCostLabel": "常规模拟平均5$/次",
+    "metricHighAvail": "高可用",
+    "metricHighAvailLabel": "最多百万级Agent模拟",
+    "workflowTitle": "工作流序列",
+    "step01Title": "图谱构建",
+    "step01Desc": "现实种子提取 & 个体与群体记忆注入 & GraphRAG构建",
+    "step02Title": "环境搭建",
+    "step02Desc": "实体关系抽取 & 人设生成 & 环境配置Agent注入仿真参数",
+    "step03Title": "开始模拟",
+    "step03Desc": "双平台并行模拟 & 自动解析预测需求 & 动态更新时序记忆",
+    "step04Title": "报告生成",
+    "step04Desc": "ReportAgent拥有丰富的工具集与模拟后环境进行深度交互",
+    "step05Title": "深度互动",
+    "step05Desc": "与模拟世界中的任意一位进行对话 & 与ReportAgent进行对话",
+    "consoleSeeds": "01 / 现实种子",
+    "consoleFormat": "支持格式: PDF, MD, TXT",
+    "uploadTitle": "拖拽文件上传",
+    "uploadHint": "或点击浏览文件系统",
+    "inputParams": "输入参数",
+    "consolePrompt": ">_ 02 / 模拟提示词",
+    "promptPlaceholder": "// 用自然语言输入模拟或预测需求（例.武大若发布撤销肖某处分的公告，会引发什么舆情走向）",
+    "engineBadge": "引擎: MiroFish-V1.0",
+    "startEngine": "启动引擎",
+    "startEngineLoading": "初始化中..."
+  },
+  "history": {
+    "title": "推演记录",
+    "graphBuild": "图谱构建",
+    "envSetup": "环境搭建",
+    "report": "分析报告",
+    "filesMore": "+{n} 个文件",
+    "noFiles": "暂无文件",
+    "unnamed": "未命名模拟",
+    "roundsDisplay": "{current}/{total} 轮",
+    "requirement": "模拟需求",
+    "relatedFiles": "关联文件",
+    "noRelatedFiles": "暂无关联文件",
+    "playback": "推演回放",
+    "playbackHint": "Step3「开始模拟」与 Step5「深度互动」需在运行中启动，不支持历史回放",
+    "goToGraphBuild": "图谱构建",
+    "goToEnvSetup": "环境搭建",
+    "goToReport": "分析报告"
+  },
+  "graphPanel": {
+    "refresh": "刷新图谱",
+    "maximize": "最大化/还原",
+    "hintSimulation": "GraphRAG长短期记忆实时更新中",
+    "hintBuild": "实时更新中...",
+    "hintFinished": "还有少量内容处理中，建议稍后手动刷新图谱",
+    "loadingGraph": "图谱数据加载中...",
+    "waitingOntology": "等待本体生成..."
+  },
+  "step1": {
+    "ontologyTitle": "本体生成",
+    "ontologyDesc": "LLM分析文档内容与模拟需求，提取出现实种子，自动生成合适的本体结构",
+    "analyzingDocs": "正在分析文档...",
+    "graphBuildTitle": "GraphRAG构建",
+    "graphBuildDesc": "基于生成的本体，将文档自动分块后调用 Zep 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系，并形成时序记忆与社区摘要",
+    "entityNodes": "实体节点",
+    "edges": "关系边",
+    "schemaTypes": "SCHEMA类型",
+    "buildCompleteTitle": "构建完成",
+    "buildCompleteDesc": "图谱构建已完成，请进入下一步进行模拟环境搭建",
+    "creating": "创建中...",
+    "enterEnvSetup": "进入环境搭建 ➝",
+    "missingInfo": "缺少项目或图谱信息",
+    "createSimFailed": "创建模拟失败: ",
+    "createSimError": "创建模拟异常: "
+  },
+  "step2": {
+    "initTitle": "模拟实例初始化",
+    "initBadge": "初始化",
+    "initDesc": "新建simulation实例，拉取模拟世界参数模版",
+    "taskCompleted": "异步任务已完成",
+    "profileTitle": "生成 Agent 人设",
+    "profileDesc": "结合上下文，自动调用工具从知识图谱梳理实体与关系，初始化模拟个体，并基于现实种子赋予他们独特的行为与记忆",
+    "currentAgents": "当前Agent数",
+    "expectedAgents": "预期Agent总数",
+    "relatedTopics": "现实种子当前关联话题数",
+    "generatedProfiles": "已生成的 Agent 人设",
+    "configTitle": "生成双平台模拟配置",
+    "configDesc": "LLM 根据模拟需求与现实种子，智能设置世界时间流速、推荐算法、每个个体的活跃时间段、发言频率、事件触发等参数",
+    "simDuration": "模拟时长",
+    "roundDuration": "每轮时长",
+    "totalRounds": "总轮次",
+    "hourlyActive": "每小时活跃",
+    "peakHours": "高峰时段",
+    "workHours": "工作时段",
+    "morningHours": "早间时段",
+    "offPeakHours": "低谷时段",
+    "agentConfig": "Agent 配置",
+    "activePeriods": "活跃时段",
+    "postsPerHour": "发帖/时",
+    "commentsPerHour": "评论/时",
+    "responseDelay": "响应延迟",
+    "activityLevel": "活跃度",
+    "sentimentBias": "情感倾向",
+    "influence": "影响力",
+    "recoAlgoConfig": "推荐算法配置",
+    "platform1": "平台 1：广场 / 信息流",
+    "platform2": "平台 2：话题 / 社区",
+    "recencyWeight": "时效权重",
+    "popularityWeight": "热度权重",
+    "relevanceWeight": "相关性权重",
+    "viralThreshold": "病毒阈值",
+    "echoChamber": "回音室强度",
+    "llmConfigReasoning": "LLM 配置推理",
+    "activationTitle": "初始激活编排",
+    "activationBadge": "编排中",
+    "activationDesc": "基于叙事方向，自动生成初始激活事件与热点话题，引导模拟世界的初始状态",
+    "narrativeDirection": "叙事引导方向",
+    "initialTopics": "初始热点话题",
+    "activationSequence": "初始激活序列 ({count})",
+    "readyTitle": "准备完成",
+    "readyDesc": "模拟环境已准备完成，可以开始运行模拟",
+    "roundSettings": "模拟轮数设定",
+    "roundSettingsDesc": "MiroFish 自动规划推演现实 {hours} 小时，每轮代表现实 {minutes} 分钟时间流逝",
+    "customToggle": "自定义",
+    "roundsUnit": "轮",
+    "estimatedTime": "若Agent规模为100：预计耗时约 {minutes} 分钟",
+    "recommendedMark": "40 (推荐)",
+    "autoEstimate": "若Agent规模为100：预计耗时 {minutes} 分钟",
+    "firstRunTip": "若首次运行，强烈建议切换至'自定义模式'减少模拟轮数，以便快速预览效果并降低报错风险 ➝",
+    "backToGraph": "← 返回图谱构建",
+    "startSimulation": "开始双世界并行模拟 ➝",
+    "apparentAge": "事件外显年龄",
+    "apparentGender": "事件外显性别",
+    "countryRegion": "国家/地区",
+    "apparentMBTI": "事件外显MBTI",
+    "personaBio": "人设简介",
+    "relatedTopicsModal": "现实种子关联话题",
+    "detailedBackground": "详细人设背景",
+    "fullExperience": "事件全景经历",
+    "fullExperienceDesc": "在此事件中的完整行为轨迹",
+    "behaviorProfile": "行为模式侧写",
+    "behaviorProfileDesc": "经验总结与行事风格偏好",
+    "uniqueMemory": "独特记忆印记",
+    "uniqueMemoryDesc": "基于现实种子形成的记忆",
+    "socialNetwork": "社会关系网络",
+    "socialNetworkDesc": "个体链接与交互图谱",
+    "startSimCustom": "开始模拟，自定义轮数: {n} 轮",
+    "startSimAuto": "开始模拟，使用自动配置轮数: {n} 轮",
+    "errorMissingSimId": "错误：缺少 simulationId",
+    "simInstanceCreated": "模拟实例已创建: {id}",
+    "preparingEnv": "正在准备模拟环境...",
+    "existingPrepDetected": "检测到已有完成的准备工作，直接使用",
+    "prepTaskStarted": "准备任务已启动",
+    "zepEntities": "从Zep图谱读取到 {n} 个实体",
+    "entityTypes": "实体类型: {types}",
+    "pollingProgress": "开始轮询准备进度...",
+    "prepFailed": "准备失败: {msg}",
+    "prepError": "准备异常: {msg}",
+    "prepComplete": "✓ 准备工作已完成",
+    "prepFailedStatus": "✗ 准备失败: {msg}",
+    "generateAgentPersonas": "生成Agent人设",
+    "startGeneratingConfig": "开始生成双平台模拟配置...",
+    "prepareSimScript": "准备模拟脚本"
+  },
+  "step3": {
+    "startReportBtn": "开始生成结果报告",
+    "startReportBtnLoading": "启动中...",
+    "errorMissingSimId": "错误：缺少 simulationId",
+    "launchingSimulation": "正在启动双平台并行模拟...",
+    "setMaxRounds": "设置最大模拟轮数: {n}",
+    "dynamicGraphEnabled": "已开启动态图谱更新模式",
+    "oldLogsCleared": "✓ 已清理旧的模拟日志，重新开始模拟",
+    "engineStarted": "✓ 模拟引擎启动成功",
+    "startFailed": "启动失败",
+    "startFailedMsg": "✗ 启动失败: {msg}",
+    "startError": "✗ 启动异常: {msg}",
+    "stoppingSimulation": "正在停止模拟...",
+    "simStopped": "✓ 模拟已停止",
+    "stopFailed": "停止失败: {msg}",
+    "stopError": "停止异常: {msg}",
+    "allPlatformsDone": "✓ 检测到所有平台模拟已结束",
+    "simCompleted": "✓ 模拟已完成",
+    "reportRequested": "报告生成请求已发送，请稍候...",
+    "launchingReport": "正在启动报告生成...",
+    "reportTaskStarted": "✓ 报告生成任务已启动: {reportId}",
+    "reportStartFailed": "✗ 启动报告生成失败: {msg}",
+    "reportStartError": "✗ 启动报告生成异常: {msg}",
+    "simRunInit": "Step3 模拟运行初始化"
+  },
+  "step4": {
+    "generatingSection": "正在生成{title}...",
+    "enterInteraction": "进入深度互动"
+  },
+  "step5": {
+    "generatingSection": "正在生成{title}...",
+    "tabReportAgent": "与Report Agent对话",
+    "tabAgent": "与世界中任意个体对话",
+    "tabSurvey": "发送问卷调查到世界中",
+    "selectAgent": "选择对话对象",
+    "toolsCardSubtitle": "报告生成智能体的快速对话版本，可调用 4 种专业工具，拥有MiroFish的完整记忆",
+    "toolInsightForge": "InsightForge 深度归因",
+    "toolInsightForgeDesc": "对齐现实世界种子数据与模拟环境状态，结合Global/Local Memory机制，提供跨时空的深度归因分析",
+    "toolPanoramaSearch": "PanoramaSearch 全景追踪",
+    "toolPanoramaSearchDesc": "基于图结构的广度遍历算法，重构事件传播路径，捕获全量信息流动的拓扑结构",
+    "toolQuickSearch": "QuickSearch 快速检索",
+    "toolQuickSearchDesc": "基于 GraphRAG 的即时查询接口，优化索引效率，用于快速提取具体的节点属性与离散事实",
+    "toolInterviewAgent": "InterviewSubAgent 虚拟访谈",
+    "toolInterviewAgentDesc": "自主式访谈，能够并行与模拟世界中个体进行多轮对话，采集非结构化的观点数据与心理状态",
+    "profileLabel": "简介",
+    "chatEmptyReport": "与 Report Agent 对话，深入了解报告内容",
+    "chatEmptyAgent": "与模拟个体对话，了解他们的观点",
+    "chatPlaceholder": "输入您的问题...",
+    "surveySelectTitle": "选择调查对象",
+    "surveySelected": "已选 {n} / {total}",
+    "surveyQuestionTitle": "问卷问题",
+    "surveyPlaceholder": "输入您想问所有被选中对象的问题...",
+    "surveySubmit": "发送问卷",
+    "surveyResultsTitle": "调查结果",
+    "surveyResultsCount": "{n} 条回复"
+  },
+  "views": {
+    "enterStep": "进入 Step {step}: {name}",
+    "returnStep": "返回 Step {step}: {name}",
+    "customRounds": "自定义模拟轮数: {n} 轮",
+    "useAutoRounds": "使用自动配置的模拟轮数",
+    "simEnvRunning": "检测到模拟环境正在运行，正在关闭...",
+    "simEnvClosed": "✓ 模拟环境已关闭",
+    "simEnvCloseFailed": "关闭模拟环境失败: {msg}",
+    "simEnvCloseError": "关闭模拟环境异常: {msg}",
+    "simRunning": "检测到模拟状态为运行中，正在停止...",
+    "simForceStopped": "✓ 模拟已强制停止",
+    "simForceStopFailed": "强制停止模拟失败: {msg}",
+    "simForceStopError": "强制停止模拟异常: {msg}",
+    "loadingSimData": "加载模拟数据: {id}",
+    "projectLoaded": "项目加载成功: {id}",
+    "loadSimFailed": "加载模拟数据失败: {msg}",
+    "loadError": "加载异常: {msg}",
+    "graphDataLoaded": "图谱数据加载成功",
+    "graphLoadFailed": "图谱加载失败: {msg}",
+    "viewInit": "{view} 初始化",
+    "prepareBackStep2": "准备返回 Step 2，正在关闭模拟...",
+    "closingSimEnv": "正在关闭模拟环境...",
+    "closeFailed": "关闭模拟环境失败，尝试强制停止...",
+    "stoppingSim": "正在停止模拟进程...",
+    "checkStatusFailed": "检查模拟状态失败: {msg}",
+    "enterStep4": "进入 Step 4: 报告生成",
+    "timeConfig": "时间配置: 每轮 {minutes} 分钟",
+    "timeConfigFailed": "获取时间配置失败，使用默认值: {minutes}分钟/轮",
+    "graphRefreshStarted": "开启图谱实时刷新 (30s)",
+    "graphRefreshStopped": "停止图谱实时刷新",
+    "loadingReportData": "加载报告数据: {id}",
+    "reportInfoFailed": "获取报告信息失败: {msg}"
+  },
+  "process": {
+    "graphBuildTitle": "图谱构建",
+    "realtimeGraph": "实时知识图谱",
+    "nodes": "节点",
+    "edges": "关系",
+    "refreshGraph": "刷新图谱",
+    "exitFullscreen": "退出全屏",
+    "enterFullscreen": "全屏显示",
+    "realtimeUpdate": "实时更新中...",
+    "loadingGraphData": "图谱数据加载中...",
+    "waitingOntology": "等待本体生成",
+    "ontologyHint": "生成完成后将自动开始构建图谱",
+    "graphBuilding": "图谱构建中",
+    "graphBuildingHint": "数据即将显示...",
+    "buildFlow": "构建流程",
+    "ontologyGen": "本体生成",
+    "apiDescription": "接口说明",
+    "ontologyApiDesc": "上传文档后，LLM分析文档内容，自动生成适合舆论模拟的本体结构（实体类型 + 关系类型）",
+    "genProgress": "生成进度",
+    "entityTypes": "生成的实体类型 ({count})",
+    "relationTypes": "生成的关系类型 ({count})",
+    "moreRelations": "+{n} 更多关系...",
+    "waitingForOntology": "等待本体生成...",
+    "graphBuildPhase": "图谱构建",
+    "graphApiDesc": "基于生成的本体，将文档分块后调用 Zep API 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系",
+    "waitingOntologyComplete": "等待本体生成完成...",
+    "buildProgress": "构建进度",
+    "buildResults": "构建结果",
+    "entityNodesLabel": "实体节点",
+    "edgesLabel": "关系边",
+    "entityTypesLabel": "实体类型",
+    "buildComplete": "构建完成",
+    "readyForNext": "准备进入下一步骤",
+    "enterEnvSetup": "进入环境搭建",
+    "projectInfo": "项目信息",
+    "projectName": "项目名称",
+    "projectId": "项目ID",
+    "graphId": "图谱ID",
+    "simRequirement": "模拟需求",
+    "statusBuildFailed": "构建失败",
+    "statusBuildComplete": "构建完成",
+    "statusGraphBuilding": "图谱构建中",
+    "statusOntologyGen": "本体生成中",
+    "statusInitializing": "初始化中",
+    "envSetupDeveloping": "环境搭建功能开发中..."
+  }
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/main.js b/frontend/src/main.js
index c8e37b03b..cc3d101e4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/main.js
+++ b/frontend/src/main.js
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { createApp } from 'vue'
 import App from './App.vue'
 import router from './router'
+import i18n from './i18n'
 
 const app = createApp(App)
 
 app.use(router)
+app.use(i18n)
 
 app.mount('#app')
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Home.vue b/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
index afe01a0c4..aa3ea4aa7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
     <nav class="navbar">
       <div class="nav-brand">MIROFISH</div>
       <div class="nav-links">
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
         <a href="https://github.com/666ghj/MiroFish" target="_blank" class="github-link">
-          访问我们的Github主页 <span class="arrow">↗</span>
+          {{ $t('nav.githubLink') }} <span class="arrow">↗</span>
         </a>
       </div>
     </nav>
@@ -15,33 +16,33 @@
       <section class="hero-section">
         <div class="hero-left">
           <div class="tag-row">
-            <span class="orange-tag">简洁通用的群体智能引擎</span>
-            <span class="version-text">/ v0.1-预览版</span>
+            <span class="orange-tag">{{ $t('home.tagline') }}</span>
+            <span class="version-text">{{ $t('home.version') }}</span>
           </div>
-          
+
           <h1 class="main-title">
-            上传任意报告<br>
-            <span class="gradient-text">即刻推演未来</span>
+            {{ $t('home.titleLine1') }}<br>
+            <span class="gradient-text">{{ $t('home.titleLine2') }}</span>
           </h1>
-          
+
           <div class="hero-desc">
             <p>
-              即使只有一段文字，<span class="highlight-bold">MiroFish</span> 也能基于其中的现实种子，全自动生成与之对应的至多<span class="highlight-orange">百万级Agent</span>构成的平行世界。通过上帝视角注入变量，在复杂的群体交互中寻找动态环境下的<span class="highlight-code">“局部最优解”</span>
+              {{ $t('home.descPart1') }}<span class="highlight-bold">{{ $t('home.descBold') }}</span>{{ $t('home.descPart2') }}<span class="highlight-orange">{{ $t('home.descOrange') }}</span>{{ $t('home.descPart3') }}<span class="highlight-code">{{ $t('home.descCode') }}</span>{{ $t('home.descPart4') }}
             </p>
             <p class="slogan-text">
-              让未来在 Agent 群中预演，让决策在百战后胜出<span class="blinking-cursor">_</span>
+              {{ $t('home.slogan') }}<span class="blinking-cursor">_</span>
             </p>
           </div>
-           
+
           <div class="decoration-square"></div>
         </div>
-        
+
         <div class="hero-right">
           <!-- Logo 区域 -->
           <div class="logo-container">
             <img src="../assets/logo/MiroFish_logo_left.jpeg" alt="MiroFish Logo" class="hero-logo" />
           </div>
-          
+
           <button class="scroll-down-btn" @click="scrollToBottom">
             ↓
           </button>
@@ -53,65 +54,65 @@
         <!-- 左栏：状态与步骤 -->
         <div class="left-panel">
           <div class="panel-header">
-            <span class="status-dot">■</span> 系统状态
+            <span class="status-dot">■</span> {{ $t('home.systemStatus') }}
           </div>
-          
-          <h2 class="section-title">准备就绪</h2>
+
+          <h2 class="section-title">{{ $t('home.statusReady') }}</h2>
           <p class="section-desc">
-            预测引擎待命中，可上传多份非结构化数据以初始化模拟序列
+            {{ $t('home.statusDesc') }}
           </p>
-          
+
           <!-- 数据指标卡片 -->
           <div class="metrics-row">
             <div class="metric-card">
-              <div class="metric-value">低成本</div>
-              <div class="metric-label">常规模拟平均5$/次</div>
+              <div class="metric-value">{{ $t('home.metricLowCost') }}</div>
+              <div class="metric-label">{{ $t('home.metricLowCostLabel') }}</div>
             </div>
             <div class="metric-card">
-              <div class="metric-value">高可用</div>
-              <div class="metric-label">最多百万级Agent模拟</div>
+              <div class="metric-value">{{ $t('home.metricHighAvail') }}</div>
+              <div class="metric-label">{{ $t('home.metricHighAvailLabel') }}</div>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           <!-- 项目模拟步骤介绍 (新增区域) -->
           <div class="steps-container">
             <div class="steps-header">
-               <span class="diamond-icon">◇</span> 工作流序列
+               <span class="diamond-icon">◇</span> {{ $t('home.workflowTitle') }}
             </div>
             <div class="workflow-list">
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">01</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">图谱构建</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">现实种子提取 & 个体与群体记忆注入 & GraphRAG构建</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ $t('home.step01Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ $t('home.step01Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">02</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">环境搭建</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">实体关系抽取 & 人设生成 & 环境配置Agent注入仿真参数</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ $t('home.step02Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ $t('home.step02Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">03</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">开始模拟</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">双平台并行模拟 & 自动解析预测需求 & 动态更新时序记忆</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ $t('home.step03Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ $t('home.step03Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">04</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">报告生成</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">ReportAgent拥有丰富的工具集与模拟后环境进行深度交互</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ $t('home.step04Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ $t('home.step04Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">05</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">深度互动</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">与模拟世界中的任意一位进行对话 & 与ReportAgent进行对话</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ $t('home.step05Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ $t('home.step05Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -124,11 +125,11 @@
             <!-- 上传区域 -->
             <div class="console-section">
               <div class="console-header">
-                <span class="console-label">01 / 现实种子</span>
-                <span class="console-meta">支持格式: PDF, MD, TXT</span>
+                <span class="console-label">{{ $t('home.consoleSeeds') }}</span>
+                <span class="console-meta">{{ $t('home.consoleFormat') }}</span>
               </div>
-              
-              <div 
+
+              <div
                 class="upload-zone"
                 :class="{ 'drag-over': isDragOver, 'has-files': files.length > 0 }"
                 @dragover.prevent="handleDragOver"
@@ -145,13 +146,13 @@
                   style="display: none"
                   :disabled="loading"
                 />
-                
+
                 <div v-if="files.length === 0" class="upload-placeholder">
                   <div class="upload-icon">↑</div>
-                  <div class="upload-title">拖拽文件上传</div>
-                  <div class="upload-hint">或点击浏览文件系统</div>
+                  <div class="upload-title">{{ $t('home.uploadTitle') }}</div>
+                  <div class="upload-hint">{{ $t('home.uploadHint') }}</div>
                 </div>
-                
+
                 <div v-else class="file-list">
                   <div v-for="(file, index) in files" :key="index" class="file-item">
                     <span class="file-icon">📄</span>
@@ -164,35 +165,35 @@
 
             <!-- 分割线 -->
             <div class="console-divider">
-              <span>输入参数</span>
+              <span>{{ $t('home.inputParams') }}</span>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 输入区域 -->
             <div class="console-section">
               <div class="console-header">
-                <span class="console-label">>_ 02 / 模拟提示词</span>
+                <span class="console-label">{{ $t('home.consolePrompt') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="input-wrapper">
                 <textarea
                   v-model="formData.simulationRequirement"
                   class="code-input"
-                  placeholder="// 用自然语言输入模拟或预测需求（例.武大若发布撤销肖某处分的公告，会引发什么舆情走向）"
+                  :placeholder="$t('home.promptPlaceholder')"
                   rows="6"
                   :disabled="loading"
                 ></textarea>
-                <div class="model-badge">引擎: MiroFish-V1.0</div>
+                <div class="model-badge">{{ $t('home.engineBadge') }}</div>
               </div>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 启动按钮 -->
             <div class="console-section btn-section">
-              <button 
+              <button
                 class="start-engine-btn"
                 @click="startSimulation"
                 :disabled="!canSubmit || loading"
               >
-                <span v-if="!loading">启动引擎</span>
-                <span v-else>初始化中...</span>
+                <span v-if="!loading">{{ $t('home.startEngine') }}</span>
+                <span v-else>{{ $t('home.startEngineLoading') }}</span>
                 <span class="btn-arrow">→</span>
               </button>
             </div>
@@ -209,9 +210,16 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
+import { setLocale } from '../i18n'
 import HistoryDatabase from '../components/HistoryDatabase.vue'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  setLocale(locale.value === 'en' ? 'zh' : 'en')
+}
 
 // 表单数据
 const formData = ref({
@@ -261,7 +269,7 @@ const handleDragLeave = (e) => {
 const handleDrop = (e) => {
   isDragOver.value = false
   if (loading.value) return
-  
+
   const droppedFiles = Array.from(e.dataTransfer.files)
   addFiles(droppedFiles)
 }
@@ -291,11 +299,11 @@ const scrollToBottom = () => {
 // 开始模拟 - 立即跳转，API调用在Process页面进行
 const startSimulation = () => {
   if (!canSubmit.value || loading.value) return
-  
+
   // 存储待上传的数据
   import('../store/pendingUpload.js').then(({ setPendingUpload }) => {
     setPendingUpload(files.value, formData.value.simulationRequirement)
-    
+
     // 立即跳转到Process页面（使用特殊标识表示新建项目）
     router.push({
       name: 'Process',
@@ -314,9 +322,9 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   --gray-light: #F5F5F5;
   --gray-text: #666666;
   --border: #E5E5E5;
-  /* 
+  /*
     使用 Space Grotesk 作为主要标题字体，JetBrains Mono 作为代码/标签字体
-    确保已在 index.html 引入这些 Google Fonts 
+    确保已在 index.html 引入这些 Google Fonts
   */
   --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
   --font-sans: 'Space Grotesk', 'Noto Sans SC', system-ui, sans-serif;
@@ -353,6 +361,23 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   align-items: center;
 }
 
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
+  color: var(--white);
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+  margin-right: 15px;
+}
+
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: var(--white);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
+}
+
 .github-link {
   color: var(--white);
   text-decoration: none;
@@ -872,16 +897,16 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   .dashboard-section {
     flex-direction: column;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-section {
     flex-direction: column;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-left {
     padding-right: 0;
     margin-bottom: 40px;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-logo {
     max-width: 200px;
     margin-bottom: 20px;
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue b/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
index b153590d7..75d1bbe80 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ $t('common.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 5/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">深度互动</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ stepNames[4] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
           <span class="dot"></span>
           {{ statusText }}
         </span>
+        <div class="step-divider"></div>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
         />
       </div>
 
-      <!-- Right Panel: Step5 深度互动 -->
+      <!-- Right Panel: Step5 Interaction -->
       <div class="panel-wrapper right" :style="rightPanelStyle">
         <Step5Interaction
           :reportId="currentReportId"
@@ -64,21 +66,28 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step5Interaction from '../components/Step5Interaction.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
 import { getReport } from '../api/report'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+const stepNames = computed(() => t('common.stepNames'))
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
+
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String
 })
 
-// Layout State - 默认切换到工作台视角
+// Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('workbench')
 
 // Data State
@@ -140,28 +149,24 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 // --- Data Logic ---
 const loadReportData = async () => {
   try {
-    addLog(`加载报告数据: ${currentReportId.value}`)
-    
-    // 获取 report 信息以获取 simulation_id
+    addLog(t('views.loadingReportData', { id: currentReportId.value }))
+
     const reportRes = await getReport(currentReportId.value)
     if (reportRes.success && reportRes.data) {
       const reportData = reportRes.data
       simulationId.value = reportData.simulation_id
-      
+
       if (simulationId.value) {
-        // 获取 simulation 信息
         const simRes = await getSimulation(simulationId.value)
         if (simRes.success && simRes.data) {
           const simData = simRes.data
-          
-          // 获取 project 信息
+
           if (simData.project_id) {
             const projRes = await getProject(simData.project_id)
             if (projRes.success && projRes.data) {
               projectData.value = projRes.data
-              addLog(`项目加载成功: ${projRes.data.project_id}`)
-              
-              // 获取 graph 数据
+              addLog(t('views.projectLoaded', { id: projRes.data.project_id }))
+
               if (projRes.data.graph_id) {
                 await loadGraph(projRes.data.graph_id)
               }
@@ -170,24 +175,24 @@ const loadReportData = async () => {
         }
       }
     } else {
-      addLog(`获取报告信息失败: ${reportRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('views.reportInfoFailed', { msg: reportRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.loadError', { msg: err.message }))
   }
 }
 
 const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
   graphLoading.value = true
-  
+
   try {
     const res = await getGraphData(graphId)
     if (res.success) {
       graphData.value = res.data
-      addLog('图谱数据加载成功')
+      addLog(t('views.graphDataLoaded'))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`图谱加载失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.graphLoadFailed', { msg: err.message }))
   } finally {
     graphLoading.value = false
   }
@@ -208,7 +213,7 @@ watch(() => route.params.reportId, (newId) => {
 }, { immediate: true })
 
 onMounted(() => {
-  addLog('InteractionView 初始化')
+  addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'InteractionView' }))
   loadReportData()
 })
 </script>
@@ -347,4 +352,20 @@ onMounted(() => {
 .panel-wrapper.left {
   border-right: 1px solid #EAEAEA;
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid #DDD;
+  color: #666;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #000;
+  color: #000;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue b/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
index 6ff299112..bf6c9c1f8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ $t('common.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
           <span class="dot"></span>
           {{ statusText }}
         </span>
+        <div class="step-divider"></div>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
 
@@ -48,8 +50,8 @@
 
       <!-- Right Panel: Step Components -->
       <div class="panel-wrapper right" :style="rightPanelStyle">
-        <!-- Step 1: 图谱构建 -->
-        <Step1GraphBuild 
+        <!-- Step 1: Graph Build -->
+        <Step1GraphBuild
           v-if="currentStep === 1"
           :currentPhase="currentPhase"
           :projectData="projectData"
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@
           :systemLogs="systemLogs"
           @next-step="handleNextStep"
         />
-        <!-- Step 2: 环境搭建 -->
+        <!-- Step 2: Env Setup -->
         <Step2EnvSetup
           v-else-if="currentStep === 2"
           :projectData="projectData"
@@ -77,21 +79,27 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step1GraphBuild from '../components/Step1GraphBuild.vue'
 import Step2EnvSetup from '../components/Step2EnvSetup.vue'
 import { generateOntology, getProject, buildGraph, getTaskStatus, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getPendingUpload, clearPendingUpload } from '../store/pendingUpload'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
+
 // Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('split') // graph | split | workbench
 
 // Step State
-const currentStep = ref(1) // 1: 图谱构建, 2: 环境搭建, 3: 开始模拟, 4: 报告生成, 5: 深度互动
-const stepNames = ['图谱构建', '环境搭建', '开始模拟', '报告生成', '深度互动']
+const currentStep = ref(1)
+const stepNames = computed(() => t('common.stepNames'))
 
 // Data State
 const currentProjectId = ref(route.params.projectId)
@@ -159,11 +167,10 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 const handleNextStep = (params = {}) => {
   if (currentStep.value < 5) {
     currentStep.value++
-    addLog(`进入 Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
-    
-    // 如果是从 Step 2 进入 Step 3，记录模拟轮数配置
+    addLog(t('views.enterStep', { step: currentStep.value, name: stepNames.value[currentStep.value - 1] }))
+
     if (currentStep.value === 3 && params.maxRounds) {
-      addLog(`自定义模拟轮数: ${params.maxRounds} 轮`)
+      addLog(t('views.customRounds', { n: params.maxRounds }))
     }
   }
 }
@@ -171,7 +178,7 @@ const handleNextStep = (params = {}) => {
 const handleGoBack = () => {
   if (currentStep.value > 1) {
     currentStep.value--
-    addLog(`返回 Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
+    addLog(t('views.returnStep', { step: currentStep.value, name: stepNames.value[currentStep.value - 1] }))
   }
 }
 
@@ -537,4 +544,20 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 .panel-wrapper.left {
   border-right: 1px solid #EAEAEA;
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid #DDD;
+  color: #666;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #000;
+  color: #000;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Process.vue b/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
index 2d2d3cc1a..c7e6490c4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
@@ -1,42 +1,43 @@
 <template>
   <div class="process-page">
-    <!-- 顶部导航栏 -->
+    <!-- Top navbar -->
     <nav class="navbar">
       <div class="nav-brand" @click="goHome">MIROFISH</div>
       
-      <!-- 中间步骤指示器 -->
+      <!-- Step indicator -->
       <div class="nav-center">
         <div class="step-badge">STEP 01</div>
-        <div class="step-name">图谱构建</div>
+        <div class="step-name">{{ $t('process.graphBuildTitle') }}</div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="nav-status">
         <span class="status-dot" :class="statusClass"></span>
         <span class="status-text">{{ statusText }}</span>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </nav>
 
-    <!-- 主内容区 -->
+    <!-- Main content area -->
     <div class="main-content">
-      <!-- 左侧: 实时图谱展示 -->
+      <!-- Left: realtime graph -->
       <div class="left-panel" :class="{ 'full-screen': isFullScreen }">
         <div class="panel-header">
           <div class="header-left">
             <span class="header-deco">◆</span>
-            <span class="header-title">实时知识图谱</span>
+            <span class="header-title">{{ $t('process.realtimeGraph') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="header-right">
             <template v-if="graphData">
-              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.node_count || graphData.nodes?.length || 0 }} 节点</span>
+              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.node_count || graphData.nodes?.length || 0 }} {{ $t('process.nodes') }}</span>
               <span class="stat-divider">|</span>
-              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.edge_count || graphData.edges?.length || 0 }} 关系</span>
+              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.edge_count || graphData.edges?.length || 0 }} {{ $t('process.edges') }}</span>
               <span class="stat-divider">|</span>
             </template>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button class="action-btn" @click="refreshGraph" :disabled="graphLoading" title="刷新图谱">
+                <button class="action-btn" @click="refreshGraph" :disabled="graphLoading" :title="$t('process.refreshGraph')">
                   <span class="icon-refresh" :class="{ 'spinning': graphLoading }">↻</span>
                 </button>
-                <button class="action-btn" @click="toggleFullScreen" :title="isFullScreen ? '退出全屏' : '全屏显示'">
+                <button class="action-btn" @click="toggleFullScreen" :title="isFullScreen ? $t('process.exitFullscreen') : $t('process.enterFullscreen')">
                   <span class="icon-fullscreen">{{ isFullScreen ? '↙' : '↗' }}</span>
                 </button>
             </div>
@@ -44,16 +45,16 @@
         </div>
         
         <div class="graph-container" ref="graphContainer">
-          <!-- 图谱可视化（只要有数据就显示） -->
+          <!-- Graph visualization (show when data available) -->
           <div v-if="graphData" class="graph-view">
             <svg ref="graphSvg" class="graph-svg"></svg>
-            <!-- 构建中提示 -->
+            <!-- Building hint -->
             <div v-if="currentPhase === 1" class="graph-building-hint">
               <span class="building-dot"></span>
-              实时更新中...
+              {{ $t('process.realtimeUpdate') }}
             </div>
             
-            <!-- 节点/边详情面板 -->
+            <!-- Node/edge detail panel -->
             <div v-if="selectedItem" class="detail-panel">
               <div class="detail-panel-header">
                 <span class="detail-title">{{ selectedItem.type === 'node' ? 'Node Details' : 'Relationship' }}</span>
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@
                 <button class="detail-close" @click="closeDetailPanel">×</button>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 节点详情 -->
+              <!-- Node detail -->
               <div v-if="selectedItem.type === 'node'" class="detail-content">
                 <div class="detail-row">
                   <span class="detail-label">Name:</span>
@@ -104,9 +105,9 @@
                 </div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 边详情 -->
+              <!-- Edge detail -->
               <div v-else class="detail-content">
-                <!-- 关系展示 -->
+                <!-- Relationship display -->
                 <div class="edge-relation">
                   <span class="edge-source">{{ selectedItem.data.source_name || selectedItem.data.source_node_name }}</span>
                   <span class="edge-arrow">→</span>
@@ -164,17 +165,17 @@
             </div>
           </div>
           
-          <!-- 加载状态 -->
+          <!-- Loading state -->
           <div v-else-if="graphLoading" class="graph-loading">
             <div class="loading-animation">
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
             </div>
-            <p class="loading-text">图谱数据加载中...</p>
+            <p class="loading-text">{{ $t('process.loadingGraphData') }}</p>
           </div>
           
-          <!-- 等待构建 -->
+          <!-- Waiting state -->
           <div v-else-if="currentPhase < 1" class="graph-waiting">
             <div class="waiting-icon">
               <svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" class="network-icon">
@@ -189,29 +190,29 @@
                 <line x1="50" y1="72" x2="74" y2="66" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1"/>
               </svg>
             </div>
-            <p class="waiting-text">等待本体生成</p>
-            <p class="waiting-hint">生成完成后将自动开始构建图谱</p>
+            <p class="waiting-text">{{ $t('process.waitingOntology') }}</p>
+            <p class="waiting-hint">{{ $t('process.ontologyHint') }}</p>
           </div>
           
-          <!-- 构建中但还没有数据 -->
+          <!-- Building but no data yet -->
           <div v-else-if="currentPhase === 1 && !graphData" class="graph-waiting">
             <div class="loading-animation">
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
             </div>
-            <p class="waiting-text">图谱构建中</p>
-            <p class="waiting-hint">数据即将显示...</p>
+            <p class="waiting-text">{{ $t('process.graphBuilding') }}</p>
+            <p class="waiting-hint">{{ $t('process.graphBuildingHint') }}</p>
           </div>
           
-          <!-- 错误状态 -->
+          <!-- Error state -->
           <div v-else-if="error" class="graph-error">
             <span class="error-icon">⚠</span>
             <p>{{ error }}</p>
           </div>
         </div>
         
-        <!-- 图谱图例 -->
+        <!-- Graph legend -->
         <div v-if="graphData" class="graph-legend">
           <div class="legend-item" v-for="type in entityTypes" :key="type.name">
             <span class="legend-dot" :style="{ background: type.color }"></span>
@@ -221,20 +222,20 @@
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <!-- 右侧: 构建流程详情 -->
+      <!-- Right: build flow details -->
       <div class="right-panel" :class="{ 'hidden': isFullScreen }">
         <div class="panel-header dark-header">
           <span class="header-icon">▣</span>
-          <span class="header-title">构建流程</span>
+          <span class="header-title">{{ $t('process.buildFlow') }}</span>
         </div>
 
         <div class="process-content">
-          <!-- 阶段1: 本体生成 -->
+          <!-- Phase 1: Ontology generation -->
           <div class="process-phase" :class="{ 'active': currentPhase === 0, 'completed': currentPhase > 0 }">
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">01</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">本体生成</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ $t('process.ontologyGen') }}</div>
                 <div class="phase-api">/api/graph/ontology/generate</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(0)">
@@ -244,24 +245,24 @@
             
             <div class="phase-detail">
               <div class="detail-section">
-                <div class="detail-label">接口说明</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.apiDescription') }}</div>
                 <div class="detail-content">
-                  上传文档后，LLM分析文档内容，自动生成适合舆论模拟的本体结构（实体类型 + 关系类型）
+                  {{ $t('process.ontologyApiDesc') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 本体生成进度 -->
+              <!-- Ontology progress -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="ontologyProgress && currentPhase === 0">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成进度</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.genProgress') }}</div>
                 <div class="ontology-progress">
                   <div class="progress-spinner"></div>
                   <span class="progress-text">{{ ontologyProgress.message }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 已生成的本体信息 -->
+              <!-- Generated ontology info -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="projectData?.ontology">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成的实体类型 ({{ projectData.ontology.entity_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.entityTypes', { count: projectData.ontology.entity_types?.length || 0 }) }}</div>
                 <div class="entity-tags">
                   <span 
                     v-for="entity in projectData.ontology.entity_types" 
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@
               </div>
               
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="projectData?.ontology">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成的关系类型 ({{ projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.relationTypes', { count: projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0 }) }}</div>
                 <div class="relation-list">
                   <div 
                     v-for="(rel, idx) in projectData.ontology.relation_types?.slice(0, 5) || []" 
@@ -288,24 +289,24 @@
                     <span class="rel-target">{{ rel.target_type }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div v-if="(projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0) > 5" class="relation-more">
-                    +{{ projectData.ontology.relation_types.length - 5 }} 更多关系...
+                    {{ $t('process.moreRelations', { n: projectData.ontology.relation_types.length - 5 }) }}
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 等待状态 -->
+              <!-- Waiting state -->
               <div class="detail-section waiting-state" v-if="!projectData?.ontology && currentPhase === 0 && !ontologyProgress">
-                <div class="waiting-hint">等待本体生成...</div>
+                <div class="waiting-hint">{{ $t('process.waitingForOntology') }}</div>
               </div>
             </div>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- 阶段2: 图谱构建 -->
+          <!-- Phase 2: Graph build -->
           <div class="process-phase" :class="{ 'active': currentPhase === 1, 'completed': currentPhase > 1 }">
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">02</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">图谱构建</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ $t('process.graphBuildPhase') }}</div>
                 <div class="phase-api">/api/graph/build</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(1)">
@@ -315,20 +316,20 @@
             
             <div class="phase-detail">
               <div class="detail-section">
-                <div class="detail-label">接口说明</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.apiDescription') }}</div>
                 <div class="detail-content">
-                  基于生成的本体，将文档分块后调用 Zep API 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系
+                  {{ $t('process.graphApiDesc') }}
                 </div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 等待本体完成 -->
+              <!-- Waiting for ontology -->
               <div class="detail-section waiting-state" v-if="currentPhase < 1">
-                <div class="waiting-hint">等待本体生成完成...</div>
+                <div class="waiting-hint">{{ $t('process.waitingOntologyComplete') }}</div>
               </div>
               
-              <!-- 构建进度 -->
+              <!-- Build progress -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="buildProgress && currentPhase >= 1">
-                <div class="detail-label">构建进度</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.buildProgress') }}</div>
                 <div class="progress-bar">
                   <div class="progress-fill" :style="{ width: buildProgress.progress + '%' }"></div>
                 </div>
@@ -339,32 +340,32 @@
               </div>
               
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="graphData">
-                <div class="detail-label">构建结果</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">{{ $t('process.buildResults') }}</div>
                 <div class="build-result">
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ graphData.node_count }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">实体节点</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">{{ $t('process.entityNodesLabel') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ graphData.edge_count }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">关系边</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">{{ $t('process.edgesLabel') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ entityTypes.length }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">实体类型</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">{{ $t('process.entityTypesLabel') }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- 阶段3: 完成 -->
+          <!-- Phase 3: Complete -->
           <div class="process-phase" :class="{ 'active': currentPhase === 2, 'completed': currentPhase > 2 }">
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">03</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">构建完成</div>
-                <div class="phase-api">准备进入下一步骤</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ $t('process.buildComplete') }}</div>
+                <div class="phase-api">{{ $t('process.readyForNext') }}</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(2)">
                 {{ getPhaseStatusText(2) }}
@@ -372,36 +373,36 @@
             </div>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- 下一步按钮 -->
+          <!-- Next step button -->
           <div class="next-step-section" v-if="currentPhase >= 2">
             <button class="next-step-btn" @click="goToNextStep" :disabled="currentPhase < 2">
-              进入环境搭建
+              {{ $t('process.enterEnvSetup') }}
               <span class="btn-arrow">→</span>
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- 项目信息面板 -->
+        <!-- Project info panel -->
         <div class="project-panel">
           <div class="project-header">
             <span class="project-icon">◇</span>
-            <span class="project-title">项目信息</span>
+            <span class="project-title">{{ $t('process.projectInfo') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="project-details" v-if="projectData">
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">项目名称</span>
+              <span class="item-label">{{ $t('process.projectName') }}</span>
               <span class="item-value">{{ projectData.name }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">项目ID</span>
+              <span class="item-label">{{ $t('process.projectId') }}</span>
               <span class="item-value code">{{ projectData.project_id }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item" v-if="projectData.graph_id">
-              <span class="item-label">图谱ID</span>
+              <span class="item-label">{{ $t('process.graphId') }}</span>
               <span class="item-value code">{{ projectData.graph_id }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">模拟需求</span>
+              <span class="item-label">{{ $t('process.simRequirement') }}</span>
               <span class="item-value">{{ projectData.simulation_requirement || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -414,36 +415,41 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import { generateOntology, getProject, buildGraph, getTaskStatus, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getPendingUpload, clearPendingUpload } from '../store/pendingUpload'
 import * as d3 from 'd3'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
-// 当前项目ID（可能从'new'变为实际ID）
 const currentProjectId = ref(route.params.projectId)
 
-// 状态
+// State
 const loading = ref(true)
 const graphLoading = ref(false)
 const error = ref('')
 const projectData = ref(null)
 const graphData = ref(null)
 const buildProgress = ref(null)
-const ontologyProgress = ref(null) // 本体生成进度
-const currentPhase = ref(-1) // -1: 上传中, 0: 本体生成中, 1: 图谱构建, 2: 完成
-const selectedItem = ref(null) // 选中的节点或边
+const ontologyProgress = ref(null) // Ontology generation progress
+const currentPhase = ref(-1) // -1: uploading, 0: ontology gen, 1: graph build, 2: complete
+const selectedItem = ref(null) // selected node or edge
 const isFullScreen = ref(false)
 
-// DOM引用
+// DOM refs
 const graphContainer = ref(null)
 const graphSvg = ref(null)
 
-// 轮询定时器
+// Poll timer
 let pollTimer = null
 
-// 计算属性
+// Computed
 const statusClass = computed(() => {
   if (error.value) return 'error'
   if (currentPhase.value >= 2) return 'completed'
@@ -451,11 +457,11 @@ const statusClass = computed(() => {
 })
 
 const statusText = computed(() => {
-  if (error.value) return '构建失败'
-  if (currentPhase.value >= 2) return '构建完成'
-  if (currentPhase.value === 1) return '图谱构建中'
-  if (currentPhase.value === 0) return '本体生成中'
-  return '初始化中'
+  if (error.value) return t('process.statusBuildFailed')
+  if (currentPhase.value >= 2) return t('process.statusBuildComplete')
+  if (currentPhase.value === 1) return t('process.statusGraphBuilding')
+  if (currentPhase.value === 0) return t('process.statusOntologyGen')
+  return t('process.statusInitializing')
 })
 
 const entityTypes = computed(() => {
@@ -475,14 +481,13 @@ const entityTypes = computed(() => {
   return Object.values(typeMap)
 })
 
-// 方法
+// Methods
 const goHome = () => {
   router.push('/')
 }
 
 const goToNextStep = () => {
-  // TODO: 进入环境搭建步骤
-  alert('环境搭建功能开发中...')
+  alert(t('process.envSetupDeveloping'))
 }
 
 const toggleFullScreen = () => {
@@ -493,12 +498,12 @@ const toggleFullScreen = () => {
   }, 350) 
 }
 
-// 关闭详情面板
+// Close detail panel
 const closeDetailPanel = () => {
   selectedItem.value = null
 }
 
-// 格式化日期
+// Format date
 const formatDate = (dateStr) => {
   if (!dateStr) return '-'
   try {
@@ -515,7 +520,7 @@ const formatDate = (dateStr) => {
   }
 }
 
-// 选中节点
+// Select node
 const selectNode = (nodeData, color) => {
   selectedItem.value = {
     type: 'node',
@@ -525,7 +530,7 @@ const selectNode = (nodeData, color) => {
   }
 }
 
-// 选中边
+// Select edge
 const selectEdge = (edgeData) => {
   selectedItem.value = {
     type: 'edge',
@@ -540,64 +545,64 @@ const getPhaseStatusClass = (phase) => {
 }
 
 const getPhaseStatusText = (phase) => {
-  if (currentPhase.value > phase) return '已完成'
+  if (currentPhase.value > phase) return t('common.completed')
   if (currentPhase.value === phase) {
     if (phase === 1 && buildProgress.value) {
       return `${buildProgress.value.progress}%`
     }
-    return '进行中'
+    return t('common.inProgress')
   }
-  return '等待中'
+  return t('common.waiting')
 }
 
-// 初始化 - 处理新建项目或加载已有项目
+// Init - handle new or existing project
 const initProject = async () => {
   const paramProjectId = route.params.projectId
   
   if (paramProjectId === 'new') {
-    // 新建项目：从 store 获取待上传的数据
+    // New project: get data from store
     await handleNewProject()
   } else {
-    // 加载已有项目
+    // Load existing project
     currentProjectId.value = paramProjectId
     await loadProject()
   }
 }
 
-// 处理新建项目 - 调用 ontology/generate API
+// Handle new project - call ontology/generate
 const handleNewProject = async () => {
   const pending = getPendingUpload()
   
   if (!pending.isPending || pending.files.length === 0) {
-    error.value = '没有待上传的文件，请返回首页重新操作'
+    error.value = 'No pending files found, please return to the home page.'
     loading.value = false
     return
   }
-  
+
   try {
     loading.value = true
-    currentPhase.value = 0 // 本体生成阶段
-    ontologyProgress.value = { message: '正在上传文件并分析文档...' }
+    currentPhase.value = 0
+    ontologyProgress.value = { message: t('step1.analyzingDocs') }
     
-    // 构建 FormData
+    // Build FormData
     const formDataObj = new FormData()
     pending.files.forEach(file => {
       formDataObj.append('files', file)
     })
     formDataObj.append('simulation_requirement', pending.simulationRequirement)
     
-    // 调用本体生成 API
+    // Call ontology generation API
     const response = await generateOntology(formDataObj)
     
     if (response.success) {
-      // 清除待上传数据
+      // Clear pending upload data
       clearPendingUpload()
       
-      // 更新项目ID和数据
+      // Update project ID and data
       currentProjectId.value = response.data.project_id
       projectData.value = response.data
       
-      // 更新URL（不刷新页面）
+      // Update URL (no page reload)
       router.replace({
         name: 'Process',
         params: { projectId: response.data.project_id }
@@ -605,20 +610,20 @@ const handleNewProject = async () => {
       
       ontologyProgress.value = null
       
-      // 自动开始图谱构建
+      // Auto-start graph build
       await startBuildGraph()
     } else {
-      error.value = response.error || '本体生成失败'
+      error.value = response.error || 'Ontology generation failed'
     }
   } catch (err) {
     console.error('Handle new project error:', err)
-    error.value = '项目初始化失败: ' + (err.message || '未知错误')
+    error.value = 'Project init failed: ' + (err.message || t('common.unknownError'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
 }
 
-// 加载已有项目数据
+// Load existing project data
 const loadProject = async () => {
   try {
     loading.value = true
@@ -628,28 +633,28 @@ const loadProject = async () => {
       projectData.value = response.data
       updatePhaseByStatus(response.data.status)
       
-      // 自动开始图谱构建
+      // Auto-start graph build
       if (response.data.status === 'ontology_generated' && !response.data.graph_id) {
         await startBuildGraph()
       }
       
-      // 继续轮询构建中的任务
+      // Continue polling building task
       if (response.data.status === 'graph_building' && response.data.graph_build_task_id) {
         currentPhase.value = 1
         startPollingTask(response.data.graph_build_task_id)
       }
       
-      // 加载已完成的图谱
+      // Load completed graph
       if (response.data.status === 'graph_completed' && response.data.graph_id) {
         currentPhase.value = 2
         await loadGraph(response.data.graph_id)
       }
     } else {
-      error.value = response.error || '加载项目失败'
+      error.value = response.error || 'Failed to load project'
     }
   } catch (err) {
     console.error('Load project error:', err)
-    error.value = '加载项目失败: ' + (err.message || '未知错误')
+    error.value = 'Failed to load project: ' + (err.message || t('common.unknownError'))
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -668,67 +673,66 @@ const updatePhaseByStatus = (status) => {
       currentPhase.value = 2
       break
     case 'failed':
-      error.value = projectData.value?.error || '处理失败'
+      error.value = projectData.value?.error || 'Processing failed'
       break
   }
 }
 
-// 开始构建图谱
+// Start graph build
 const startBuildGraph = async () => {
   try {
     currentPhase.value = 1
-    // 设置初始进度
     buildProgress.value = {
       progress: 0,
-      message: '正在启动图谱构建...'
+      message: 'Starting graph build...'
     }
-    
+
     const response = await buildGraph({ project_id: currentProjectId.value })
-    
+
     if (response.success) {
-      buildProgress.value.message = '图谱构建任务已启动...'
+      buildProgress.value.message = 'Graph build task started...'
       
-      // 保存 task_id 用于轮询
+      // Save task_id for polling
       const taskId = response.data.task_id
       
-      // 启动图谱数据轮询（独立于任务状态轮询）
+      // Start graph data polling (separate from task polling)
       startGraphPolling()
       
-      // 启动任务状态轮询
+      // Start task status polling
       startPollingTask(taskId)
     } else {
-      error.value = response.error || '启动图谱构建失败'
+      error.value = response.error || 'Failed to start graph build'
       buildProgress.value = null
     }
   } catch (err) {
     console.error('Build graph error:', err)
-    error.value = '启动图谱构建失败: ' + (err.message || '未知错误')
+    error.value = 'Failed to start graph build: ' + (err.message || t('common.unknownError'))
     buildProgress.value = null
   }
 }
 
-// 图谱数据轮询定时器
+// Graph data poll timer
 let graphPollTimer = null
 
-// 启动图谱数据轮询
+// Start graph data polling
 const startGraphPolling = () => {
-  // 立即获取一次
+  // Fetch immediately
   fetchGraphData()
   
-  // 每 10 秒自动获取一次图谱数据
+  // Auto-fetch graph data every 10s
   graphPollTimer = setInterval(async () => {
     await fetchGraphData()
   }, 10000)
 }
 
-// 手动刷新图谱
+// Manual graph refresh
 const refreshGraph = async () => {
   graphLoading.value = true
   await fetchGraphData()
   graphLoading.value = false
 }
 
-// 停止图谱数据轮询
+// Stop graph data polling
 const stopGraphPolling = () => {
   if (graphPollTimer) {
     clearInterval(graphPollTimer)
@@ -736,17 +740,17 @@ const stopGraphPolling = () => {
   }
 }
 
-// 获取图谱数据
+// Fetch graph data
 const fetchGraphData = async () => {
   try {
-    // 先获取项目信息以获取 graph_id
+    // First get project info to get graph_id
     const projectResponse = await getProject(currentProjectId.value)
     
     if (projectResponse.success && projectResponse.data.graph_id) {
       const graphId = projectResponse.data.graph_id
       projectData.value = projectResponse.data
       
-      // 获取图谱数据
+      // Fetch graph data
       const graphResponse = await getGraphData(graphId)
       
       if (graphResponse.success && graphResponse.data) {
@@ -756,7 +760,7 @@ const fetchGraphData = async () => {
         
         console.log('Fetching graph data, nodes:', newNodeCount, 'edges:', newData.edge_count || newData.edges?.length || 0)
         
-        // 数据有变化时更新渲染
+        // Re-render if data changed
         if (newNodeCount !== oldNodeCount || !graphData.value) {
           graphData.value = newData
           await nextTick()
@@ -769,18 +773,18 @@ const fetchGraphData = async () => {
   }
 }
 
-// 轮询任务状态
+// Poll task status
 const startPollingTask = (taskId) => {
-  // 立即执行一次查询
+  // Execute query immediately
   pollTaskStatus(taskId)
   
-  // 然后定时轮询
+  // Then poll at interval
   pollTimer = setInterval(() => {
     pollTaskStatus(taskId)
   }, 2000)
 }
 
-// 查询任务状态
+// Query task status
 const pollTaskStatus = async (taskId) => {
   try {
     const response = await getTaskStatus(taskId)
@@ -788,46 +792,42 @@ const pollTaskStatus = async (taskId) => {
     if (response.success) {
       const task = response.data
       
-      // 更新进度显示
+      // Update progress display
       buildProgress.value = {
         progress: task.progress || 0,
-        message: task.message || '处理中...'
+        message: task.message || 'Processing...'
       }
       
       console.log('Task status:', task.status, 'Progress:', task.progress)
       
       if (task.status === 'completed') {
-        console.log('✅ 图谱构建完成，正在加载完整数据...')
+        console.log('Graph build complete, loading full data...')
         
         stopPolling()
         stopGraphPolling()
         currentPhase.value = 2
         
-        // 更新进度显示为完成状态
         buildProgress.value = {
           progress: 100,
-          message: '构建完成，正在加载图谱...'
+          message: 'Build complete, loading graph...'
         }
-        
-        // 重新加载项目数据获取 graph_id
+
         const projectResponse = await getProject(currentProjectId.value)
         if (projectResponse.success) {
           projectData.value = projectResponse.data
-          
-          // 最终加载完整图谱数据
+
           if (projectResponse.data.graph_id) {
-            console.log('📊 加载完整图谱:', projectResponse.data.graph_id)
+            console.log('Loading full graph:', projectResponse.data.graph_id)
             await loadGraph(projectResponse.data.graph_id)
-            console.log('✅ 图谱加载完成')
+            console.log('Graph loaded.')
           }
         }
-        
-        // 清除进度显示
+
         buildProgress.value = null
       } else if (task.status === 'failed') {
         stopPolling()
         stopGraphPolling()
-        error.value = '图谱构建失败: ' + (task.error || '未知错误')
+        error.value = 'Graph build failed: ' + (task.error || t('common.unknownError'))
         buildProgress.value = null
       }
     }
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ const stopPolling = () => {
   }
 }
 
-// 加载图谱数据
+// Load graph data
 const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
   try {
     graphLoading.value = true
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
   }
 }
 
-// 渲染图谱 (D3.js)
+// Render graph (D3.js)
 const renderGraph = () => {
   if (!graphSvg.value || !graphData.value) {
     console.log('Cannot render: svg or data missing')
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
     return
   }
   
-  // 获取容器尺寸
+  // Get container dimensions
   const rect = container.getBoundingClientRect()
   const width = rect.width || 800
   const height = (rect.height || 600) - 60
@@ -893,23 +893,23 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
   
   svg.selectAll('*').remove()
   
-  // 处理节点数据
+  // Process node data
   const nodesData = graphData.value.nodes || []
   const edgesData = graphData.value.edges || []
   
   if (nodesData.length === 0) {
     console.log('No nodes to render')
-    // 显示空状态
+    // Show empty state
     svg.append('text')
       .attr('x', width / 2)
       .attr('y', height / 2)
       .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
       .attr('fill', '#999')
-      .text('等待图谱数据...')
+      .text(t('graphPanel.waitingOntology'))
     return
   }
   
-  // 创建节点映射用于查找名称
+  // Create node map for name lookup
   const nodeMap = {}
   nodesData.forEach(n => {
     nodeMap[n.uuid] = n
@@ -917,12 +917,12 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
   
   const nodes = nodesData.map(n => ({
     id: n.uuid,
-    name: n.name || '未命名',
+    name: n.name || t('common.unknown'),
     type: n.labels?.find(l => l !== 'Entity' && l !== 'Node') || 'Entity',
-    rawData: n // 保存原始数据
+    rawData: n // save raw data
   }))
   
-  // 创建节点ID集合用于过滤有效边
+  // Create node ID set for filtering valid edges
   const nodeIds = new Set(nodes.map(n => n.id))
   
   const edges = edgesData
@@ -933,20 +933,20 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
       type: e.fact_type || e.name || 'RELATED_TO',
       rawData: {
         ...e,
-        source_name: nodeMap[e.source_node_uuid]?.name || '未知',
-        target_name: nodeMap[e.target_node_uuid]?.name || '未知'
+        source_name: nodeMap[e.source_node_uuid]?.name || t('common.unknown'),
+        target_name: nodeMap[e.target_node_uuid]?.name || t('common.unknown')
       }
     }))
   
   console.log('Nodes:', nodes.length, 'Edges:', edges.length)
   
-  // 颜色映射
+  // Color mapping
   const types = [...new Set(nodes.map(n => n.type))]
   const colorScale = d3.scaleOrdinal()
     .domain(types)
     .range(['#FF6B35', '#004E89', '#7B2D8E', '#1A936F', '#C5283D', '#E9724C', '#2D3436', '#6C5CE7'])
   
-  // 力导向布局
+  // Force-directed layout
   const simulation = d3.forceSimulation(nodes)
     .force('link', d3.forceLink(edges).id(d => d.id).distance(100).strength(0.5))
     .force('charge', d3.forceManyBody().strength(-300))
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
     .force('x', d3.forceX(width / 2).strength(0.05))
     .force('y', d3.forceY(height / 2).strength(0.05))
   
-  // 添加缩放功能
+  // Add zoom
   const g = svg.append('g')
   
   svg.call(d3.zoom()
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
       g.attr('transform', event.transform)
     }))
   
-  // 绘制边（包含可点击的透明宽线）
+  // Draw edges (with clickable transparent wide line)
   const linkGroup = g.append('g')
     .attr('class', 'links')
     .selectAll('g')
@@ -978,18 +978,18 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
       selectEdge(d.rawData)
     })
   
-  // 可见的细线
+  // Visible thin line
   const link = linkGroup.append('line')
     .attr('stroke', '#ccc')
     .attr('stroke-width', 1.5)
     .attr('stroke-opacity', 0.6)
   
-  // 透明的宽线用于点击
+  // Transparent wide line for click area
   linkGroup.append('line')
     .attr('stroke', 'transparent')
     .attr('stroke-width', 10)
   
-  // 边标签
+  // Edge labels
   const linkLabel = g.append('g')
     .attr('class', 'link-labels')
     .selectAll('text')
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
     .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
     .text(d => d.type.length > 15 ? d.type.substring(0, 12) + '...' : d.type)
   
-  // 绘制节点
+  // Draw nodes
   const node = g.append('g')
     .attr('class', 'nodes')
     .selectAll('g')
@@ -1033,20 +1033,20 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
     .attr('fill', '#333')
     .attr('font-family', 'JetBrains Mono, monospace')
   
-  // 点击空白处关闭详情面板
+  // Click background to close detail panel
   svg.on('click', () => {
     closeDetailPanel()
   })
   
   simulation.on('tick', () => {
-    // 更新所有边的位置（包括可见线和透明点击区域）
+    // Update all edge positions (visible + transparent)
     linkGroup.selectAll('line')
       .attr('x1', d => d.source.x)
       .attr('y1', d => d.source.y)
       .attr('x2', d => d.target.x)
       .attr('y2', d => d.target.y)
     
-    // 更新边标签位置
+    // Update edge label positions
     linkLabel
       .attr('x', d => (d.source.x + d.target.x) / 2)
       .attr('y', d => (d.source.y + d.target.y) / 2 - 5)
@@ -1072,14 +1072,14 @@ const renderGraph = () => {
   }
 }
 
-// 监听图谱数据变化
+// Watch graph data changes
 watch(graphData, () => {
   if (graphData.value) {
     nextTick(() => renderGraph())
   }
 })
 
-// 生命周期
+// Lifecycle
 onMounted(() => {
   initProject()
 })
@@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
-/* 变量 */
+/* Variables */
 :root {
   --black: #000000;
   --white: #FFFFFF;
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   overflow: hidden; /* Prevent body scroll in fullscreen */
 }
 
-/* 导航栏 */
+/* Navbar */
 .navbar {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -1194,14 +1194,14 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #999;
 }
 
-/* 主内容区 */
+/* Main content area */
 .main-content {
   display: flex;
   height: calc(100vh - 56px);
   position: relative;
 }
 
-/* 左侧面板 - 50% default */
+/* Left panel - 50% default */
 .left-panel {
   width: 50%;
   flex: none; /* Fixed width initially */
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
 }
 
-/* 图谱容器 */
+/* Graph container */
 .graph-container {
   flex: 1;
   position: relative;
@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   animation: pulse 1s infinite;
 }
 
-/* 节点/边详情面板 */
+/* Node/edge detail panel */
 .detail-panel {
   position: absolute;
   top: 16px;
@@ -1543,7 +1543,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #666;
 }
 
-/* 边详情关系展示 */
+/* Edge detail relationship display */
 .edge-relation {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   border-bottom: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
 }
 
-/* Properties 属性列表 */
+/* Properties list */
 .properties-list {
   margin-top: 8px;
   padding: 10px;
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   word-break: break-word;
 }
 
-/* Episodes 列表 */
+/* Episodes list */
 .episodes-list {
   margin-top: 8px;
   display: flex;
@@ -1641,7 +1641,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   margin-bottom: 10px;
 }
 
-/* 图谱图例 */
+/* Graph legend */
 .graph-legend {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #999;
 }
 
-/* 右侧面板 - 50% default */
+/* Right panel - 50% default */
 .right-panel {
   width: 50%;
   flex: none;
@@ -1702,14 +1702,14 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   margin-right: 8px;
 }
 
-/* 流程内容 */
+/* Process content */
 .process-content {
   flex: 1;
   overflow-y: auto;
   padding: 24px;
 }
 
-/* 流程阶段 */
+/* Process phases */
 .process-phase {
   margin-bottom: 24px;
   border: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
@@ -1795,12 +1795,12 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #fff;
 }
 
-/* 阶段详情 */
+/* Phase details */
 .phase-detail {
   padding: 16px;
 }
 
-/* 实体标签 */
+/* Entity tags */
 .entity-tags {
   display: flex;
   flex-wrap: wrap;
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #333;
 }
 
-/* 关系列表 */
+/* Relation list */
 .relation-list {
   font-size: 0.8rem;
 }
@@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   font-size: 0.75rem;
 }
 
-/* 本体生成进度 */
+/* Ontology generation progress */
 .ontology-progress {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #333;
 }
 
-/* 等待状态 */
+/* Waiting state */
 .waiting-state {
   padding: 16px;
   background: #F9F9F9;
@@ -1889,7 +1889,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #999;
 }
 
-/* 进度条 */
+/* Progress bar */
 .progress-bar {
   height: 6px;
   background: #E0E0E0;
@@ -1918,7 +1918,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   font-weight: 600;
 }
 
-/* 构建结果 */
+/* Build results */
 .build-result {
   display: flex;
   gap: 16px;
@@ -1946,7 +1946,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   letter-spacing: 0.05em;
 }
 
-/* 下一步按钮 */
+/* Next step button */
 .next-step-section {
   margin-top: 24px;
   padding-top: 24px;
@@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   font-size: 1.2rem;
 }
 
-/* 项目信息面板 */
+/* Project info panel */
 .project-panel {
   border-top: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
   background: #FAFAFA;
@@ -2041,7 +2041,7 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
   color: #666;
 }
 
-/* 响应式 */
+/* Responsive */
 @media (max-width: 1024px) {
   .main-content {
     flex-direction: column;
@@ -2065,4 +2065,21 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
       display: none;
   }
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
+  color: #fff;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+  margin-left: 12px;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #fff;
+  color: #fff;
+}
 </style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue b/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
index 84a3e2a3f..f4def6efa 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ $t('common.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 4/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">报告生成</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ stepNames[3] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
           <span class="dot"></span>
           {{ statusText }}
         </span>
+        <div class="step-divider"></div>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
         />
       </div>
 
-      <!-- Right Panel: Step4 报告生成 -->
+      <!-- Right Panel: Step4 Report -->
       <div class="panel-wrapper right" :style="rightPanelStyle">
         <Step4Report
           :reportId="currentReportId"
@@ -64,21 +66,28 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step4Report from '../components/Step4Report.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
 import { getReport } from '../api/report'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+const stepNames = computed(() => t('common.stepNames'))
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
+
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String
 })
 
-// Layout State - 默认切换到工作台视角
+// Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('workbench')
 
 // Data State
@@ -139,28 +148,24 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 // --- Data Logic ---
 const loadReportData = async () => {
   try {
-    addLog(`加载报告数据: ${currentReportId.value}`)
-    
-    // 获取 report 信息以获取 simulation_id
+    addLog(t('views.loadingReportData', { id: currentReportId.value }))
+
     const reportRes = await getReport(currentReportId.value)
     if (reportRes.success && reportRes.data) {
       const reportData = reportRes.data
       simulationId.value = reportData.simulation_id
-      
+
       if (simulationId.value) {
-        // 获取 simulation 信息
         const simRes = await getSimulation(simulationId.value)
         if (simRes.success && simRes.data) {
           const simData = simRes.data
-          
-          // 获取 project 信息
+
           if (simData.project_id) {
             const projRes = await getProject(simData.project_id)
             if (projRes.success && projRes.data) {
               projectData.value = projRes.data
-              addLog(`项目加载成功: ${projRes.data.project_id}`)
-              
-              // 获取 graph 数据
+              addLog(t('views.projectLoaded', { id: projRes.data.project_id }))
+
               if (projRes.data.graph_id) {
                 await loadGraph(projRes.data.graph_id)
               }
@@ -169,24 +174,24 @@ const loadReportData = async () => {
         }
       }
     } else {
-      addLog(`获取报告信息失败: ${reportRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('views.reportInfoFailed', { msg: reportRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.loadError', { msg: err.message }))
   }
 }
 
 const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
   graphLoading.value = true
-  
+
   try {
     const res = await getGraphData(graphId)
     if (res.success) {
       graphData.value = res.data
-      addLog('图谱数据加载成功')
+      addLog(t('views.graphDataLoaded'))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`图谱加载失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.graphLoadFailed', { msg: err.message }))
   } finally {
     graphLoading.value = false
   }
@@ -207,7 +212,7 @@ watch(() => route.params.reportId, (newId) => {
 }, { immediate: true })
 
 onMounted(() => {
-  addLog('ReportView 初始化')
+  addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'ReportView' }))
   loadReportData()
 })
 </script>
@@ -345,4 +350,20 @@ onMounted(() => {
 .panel-wrapper.left {
   border-right: 1px solid #EAEAEA;
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid #DDD;
+  color: #666;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #000;
+  color: #000;
+}
 </style>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue b/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
index 14ebc5f9d..9a77d0bdb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ $t('common.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 3/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">开始模拟</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ stepNames[2] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
           <span class="dot"></span>
           {{ statusText }}
         </span>
+        <div class="step-divider"></div>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
 
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
         />
       </div>
 
-      <!-- Right Panel: Step3 开始模拟 -->
+      <!-- Right Panel: Step3 Simulation -->
       <div class="panel-wrapper right" :style="rightPanelStyle">
         <Step3Simulation
           :simulationId="currentSimulationId"
@@ -69,14 +71,21 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step3Simulation from '../components/Step3Simulation.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation, getSimulationConfig, stopSimulation, closeSimulationEnv, getEnvStatus } from '../api/simulation'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+const stepNames = computed(() => t('common.stepNames'))
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
+
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
   simulationId: String
@@ -87,9 +96,8 @@ const viewMode = ref('split')
 
 // Data State
 const currentSimulationId = ref(route.params.simulationId)
-// 直接在初始化时从 query 参数获取 maxRounds，确保子组件能立即获取到值
 const maxRounds = ref(route.query.maxRounds ? parseInt(route.query.maxRounds) : null)
-const minutesPerRound = ref(30) // 默认每轮30分钟
+const minutesPerRound = ref(30)
 const projectData = ref(null)
 const graphData = ref(null)
 const graphLoading = ref(false)
@@ -145,118 +153,105 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 }
 
 const handleGoBack = async () => {
-  // 在返回 Step 2 之前，先关闭正在运行的模拟
-  addLog('准备返回 Step 2，正在关闭模拟...')
-  
-  // 停止轮询
+  addLog(t('views.prepareBackStep2'))
+
   stopGraphRefresh()
-  
+
   try {
-    // 先尝试优雅关闭模拟环境
     const envStatusRes = await getEnvStatus({ simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value })
-    
+
     if (envStatusRes.success && envStatusRes.data?.env_alive) {
-      addLog('正在关闭模拟环境...')
+      addLog(t('views.closingSimEnv'))
       try {
-        await closeSimulationEnv({ 
+        await closeSimulationEnv({
           simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value,
           timeout: 10
         })
-        addLog('✓ 模拟环境已关闭')
+        addLog(t('views.simEnvClosed'))
       } catch (closeErr) {
-        addLog(`关闭模拟环境失败，尝试强制停止...`)
+        addLog(t('views.closeFailed'))
         try {
           await stopSimulation({ simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value })
-          addLog('✓ 模拟已强制停止')
+          addLog(t('views.simForceStopped'))
         } catch (stopErr) {
-          addLog(`强制停止失败: ${stopErr.message}`)
+          addLog(t('views.simForceStopFailed', { msg: stopErr.message }))
         }
       }
     } else {
-      // 环境未运行，检查是否需要停止进程
       if (isSimulating.value) {
-        addLog('正在停止模拟进程...')
+        addLog(t('views.stoppingSim'))
         try {
           await stopSimulation({ simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value })
-          addLog('✓ 模拟已停止')
+          addLog(t('views.simEnvClosed'))
         } catch (err) {
-          addLog(`停止模拟失败: ${err.message}`)
+          addLog(t('views.simEnvCloseFailed', { msg: err.message }))
         }
       }
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`检查模拟状态失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.checkStatusFailed', { msg: err.message }))
   }
-  
-  // 返回到 Step 2 (环境搭建)
+
   router.push({ name: 'Simulation', params: { simulationId: currentSimulationId.value } })
 }
 
 const handleNextStep = () => {
-  // Step3Simulation 组件会直接处理报告生成和路由跳转
-  // 这个方法仅作为备用
-  addLog('进入 Step 4: 报告生成')
+  addLog(t('views.enterStep4'))
 }
 
 // --- Data Logic ---
 const loadSimulationData = async () => {
   try {
-    addLog(`加载模拟数据: ${currentSimulationId.value}`)
-    
-    // 获取 simulation 信息
+    addLog(t('views.loadingSimData', { id: currentSimulationId.value }))
+
     const simRes = await getSimulation(currentSimulationId.value)
     if (simRes.success && simRes.data) {
       const simData = simRes.data
-      
-      // 获取 simulation config 以获取 minutes_per_round
+
       try {
         const configRes = await getSimulationConfig(currentSimulationId.value)
         if (configRes.success && configRes.data?.time_config?.minutes_per_round) {
           minutesPerRound.value = configRes.data.time_config.minutes_per_round
-          addLog(`时间配置: 每轮 ${minutesPerRound.value} 分钟`)
+          addLog(t('views.timeConfig', { minutes: minutesPerRound.value }))
         }
       } catch (configErr) {
-        addLog(`获取时间配置失败，使用默认值: ${minutesPerRound.value}分钟/轮`)
+        addLog(t('views.timeConfigFailed', { minutes: minutesPerRound.value }))
       }
-      
-      // 获取 project 信息
+
       if (simData.project_id) {
         const projRes = await getProject(simData.project_id)
         if (projRes.success && projRes.data) {
           projectData.value = projRes.data
-          addLog(`项目加载成功: ${projRes.data.project_id}`)
-          
-          // 获取 graph 数据
+          addLog(t('views.projectLoaded', { id: projRes.data.project_id }))
+
           if (projRes.data.graph_id) {
             await loadGraph(projRes.data.graph_id)
           }
         }
       }
     } else {
-      addLog(`加载模拟数据失败: ${simRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('views.loadSimFailed', { msg: simRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.loadError', { msg: err.message }))
   }
 }
 
 const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
-  // 当正在模拟时，自动刷新不显示全屏 loading，以免闪烁
-  // 手动刷新或初始加载时显示 loading
   if (!isSimulating.value) {
     graphLoading.value = true
   }
-  
+
   try {
     const res = await getGraphData(graphId)
     if (res.success) {
       graphData.value = res.data
       if (!isSimulating.value) {
-        addLog('图谱数据加载成功')
+        addLog(t('views.graphDataLoaded'))
       }
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`图谱加载失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.graphLoadFailed', { msg: err.message }))
   } finally {
     graphLoading.value = false
   }
@@ -273,8 +268,7 @@ let graphRefreshTimer = null
 
 const startGraphRefresh = () => {
   if (graphRefreshTimer) return
-  addLog('开启图谱实时刷新 (30s)')
-  // 立即刷新一次，然后每30秒刷新
+  addLog(t('views.graphRefreshStarted'))
   graphRefreshTimer = setInterval(refreshGraph, 30000)
 }
 
@@ -282,7 +276,7 @@ const stopGraphRefresh = () => {
   if (graphRefreshTimer) {
     clearInterval(graphRefreshTimer)
     graphRefreshTimer = null
-    addLog('停止图谱实时刷新')
+    addLog(t('views.graphRefreshStopped'))
   }
 }
 
@@ -295,13 +289,12 @@ watch(isSimulating, (newValue) => {
 }, { immediate: true })
 
 onMounted(() => {
-  addLog('SimulationRunView 初始化')
-  
-  // 记录 maxRounds 配置（值已在初始化时从 query 参数获取）
+  addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'SimulationRunView' }))
+
   if (maxRounds.value) {
-    addLog(`自定义模拟轮数: ${maxRounds.value}`)
+    addLog(t('views.customRounds', { n: maxRounds.value }))
   }
-  
+
   loadSimulationData()
 })
 
@@ -443,5 +436,21 @@ onUnmounted(() => {
 .panel-wrapper.left {
   border-right: 1px solid #EAEAEA;
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid #DDD;
+  color: #666;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #000;
+  color: #000;
+}
 </style>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue b/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
index 4b44b3972..59dbb4467 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ $t('common.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 2/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">环境搭建</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ stepNames[1] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
           <span class="dot"></span>
           {{ statusText }}
         </span>
+        <div class="step-divider"></div>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLocale">{{ $t('nav.langSwitch') }}</button>
       </div>
     </header>
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@
         />
       </div>
 
-      <!-- Right Panel: Step2 环境搭建 -->
+      <!-- Right Panel: Step2 Env Setup -->
       <div class="panel-wrapper right" :style="rightPanelStyle">
         <Step2EnvSetup
           :simulationId="currentSimulationId"
@@ -66,11 +68,18 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step2EnvSetup from '../components/Step2EnvSetup.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation, stopSimulation, getEnvStatus, closeSimulationEnv } from '../api/simulation'
 
+const { t, locale } = useI18n()
+const stepNames = computed(() => t('common.stepNames'))
+
+const toggleLocale = () => {
+  locale.value = locale.value === 'zh' ? 'en' : 'zh'
+}
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 
@@ -137,7 +146,6 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 }
 
 const handleGoBack = () => {
-  // 返回到 process 页面
   if (projectData.value?.project_id) {
     router.push({ name: 'Process', params: { projectId: projectData.value.project_id } })
   } else {
@@ -146,122 +154,102 @@ const handleGoBack = () => {
 }
 
 const handleNextStep = (params = {}) => {
-  addLog('进入 Step 3: 开始模拟')
-  
-  // 记录模拟轮数配置
+  addLog(t('views.enterStep', { step: 3, name: t('common.stepNames')[2] }))
+
   if (params.maxRounds) {
-    addLog(`自定义模拟轮数: ${params.maxRounds} 轮`)
+    addLog(t('views.customRounds', { n: params.maxRounds }))
   } else {
-    addLog('使用自动配置的模拟轮数')
+    addLog(t('views.useAutoRounds'))
   }
-  
-  // 构建路由参数
+
   const routeParams = {
     name: 'SimulationRun',
     params: { simulationId: currentSimulationId.value }
   }
-  
-  // 如果有自定义轮数，通过 query 参数传递
+
   if (params.maxRounds) {
     routeParams.query = { maxRounds: params.maxRounds }
   }
-  
-  // 跳转到 Step 3 页面
+
   router.push(routeParams)
 }
 
 // --- Data Logic ---
 
-/**
- * 检查并关闭正在运行的模拟
- * 当用户从 Step 3 返回到 Step 2 时，默认用户要退出模拟
- */
 const checkAndStopRunningSimulation = async () => {
   if (!currentSimulationId.value) return
-  
+
   try {
-    // 先检查模拟环境是否存活
     const envStatusRes = await getEnvStatus({ simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value })
-    
+
     if (envStatusRes.success && envStatusRes.data?.env_alive) {
-      addLog('检测到模拟环境正在运行，正在关闭...')
-      
-      // 尝试优雅关闭模拟环境
+      addLog(t('views.simEnvRunning'))
+
       try {
-        const closeRes = await closeSimulationEnv({ 
+        const closeRes = await closeSimulationEnv({
           simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value,
-          timeout: 10  // 10秒超时
+          timeout: 10
         })
-        
+
         if (closeRes.success) {
-          addLog('✓ 模拟环境已关闭')
+          addLog(t('views.simEnvClosed'))
         } else {
-          addLog(`关闭模拟环境失败: ${closeRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
-          // 如果优雅关闭失败，尝试强制停止
+          addLog(t('views.simEnvCloseFailed', { msg: closeRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
           await forceStopSimulation()
         }
       } catch (closeErr) {
-        addLog(`关闭模拟环境异常: ${closeErr.message}`)
-        // 如果优雅关闭异常，尝试强制停止
+        addLog(t('views.simEnvCloseError', { msg: closeErr.message }))
         await forceStopSimulation()
       }
     } else {
-      // 环境未运行，但可能进程还在，检查模拟状态
       const simRes = await getSimulation(currentSimulationId.value)
       if (simRes.success && simRes.data?.status === 'running') {
-        addLog('检测到模拟状态为运行中，正在停止...')
+        addLog(t('views.simRunning'))
         await forceStopSimulation()
       }
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    // 检查环境状态失败不影响后续流程
-    console.warn('检查模拟状态失败:', err)
+    console.warn('Check sim status failed:', err)
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * 强制停止模拟
- */
 const forceStopSimulation = async () => {
   try {
     const stopRes = await stopSimulation({ simulation_id: currentSimulationId.value })
     if (stopRes.success) {
-      addLog('✓ 模拟已强制停止')
+      addLog(t('views.simForceStopped'))
     } else {
-      addLog(`强制停止模拟失败: ${stopRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('views.simForceStopFailed', { msg: stopRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`强制停止模拟异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.simForceStopError', { msg: err.message }))
   }
 }
 
 const loadSimulationData = async () => {
   try {
-    addLog(`加载模拟数据: ${currentSimulationId.value}`)
-    
-    // 获取 simulation 信息
+    addLog(t('views.loadingSimData', { id: currentSimulationId.value }))
+
     const simRes = await getSimulation(currentSimulationId.value)
     if (simRes.success && simRes.data) {
       const simData = simRes.data
-      
-      // 获取 project 信息
+
       if (simData.project_id) {
         const projRes = await getProject(simData.project_id)
         if (projRes.success && projRes.data) {
           projectData.value = projRes.data
-          addLog(`项目加载成功: ${projRes.data.project_id}`)
-          
-          // 获取 graph 数据
+          addLog(t('views.projectLoaded', { id: projRes.data.project_id }))
+
           if (projRes.data.graph_id) {
             await loadGraph(projRes.data.graph_id)
           }
         }
       }
     } else {
-      addLog(`加载模拟数据失败: ${simRes.error || '未知错误'}`)
+      addLog(t('views.loadSimFailed', { msg: simRes.error || t('common.unknownError') }))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`加载异常: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.loadError', { msg: err.message }))
   }
 }
 
@@ -271,10 +259,10 @@ const loadGraph = async (graphId) => {
     const res = await getGraphData(graphId)
     if (res.success) {
       graphData.value = res.data
-      addLog('图谱数据加载成功')
+      addLog(t('views.graphDataLoaded'))
     }
   } catch (err) {
-    addLog(`图谱加载失败: ${err.message}`)
+    addLog(t('views.graphLoadFailed', { msg: err.message }))
   } finally {
     graphLoading.value = false
   }
@@ -287,12 +275,10 @@ const refreshGraph = () => {
 }
 
 onMounted(async () => {
-  addLog('SimulationView 初始化')
-  
-  // 检查并关闭正在运行的模拟（用户从 Step 3 返回时）
+  addLog(t('views.viewInit', { view: 'SimulationView' }))
+
   await checkAndStopRunningSimulation()
-  
-  // 加载模拟数据
+
   loadSimulationData()
 })
 </script>
@@ -430,5 +416,21 @@ onMounted(async () => {
 .panel-wrapper.left {
   border-right: 1px solid #EAEAEA;
 }
+
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid #DDD;
+  color: #666;
+  padding: 4px 12px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+}
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: #000;
+  color: #000;
+}
 </style>