From 11512ba4722185e5f922917b34d1a4b148778258 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rajeev R <rajeev@Rajeevs-MacBook-Pro.local>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 07:24:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] feat(i18n): add English/Chinese language toggle with full
 UI translation
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Implements a lightweight reactive i18n system without external libraries.
English is now the default language; users can switch to Chinese via the
EN/中 toggle button in the navbar, with preference persisted to localStorage.

Co-Authored-By: koyouko <koyouko@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue       |  17 +-
 frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue  |  51 ++--
 frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue  |  36 +--
 frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue    | 206 ++++++-------
 frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue  |   7 +-
 frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue      |   4 +-
 frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue |   5 +-
 frontend/src/i18n/index.js                   | 291 +++++++++++++++++++
 frontend/src/i18n/useT.js                    |  32 ++
 frontend/src/store/locale.js                 |  12 +
 frontend/src/views/Home.vue                  | 213 +++++++-------
 frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue       |   8 +-
 frontend/src/views/MainView.vue              |  21 +-
 frontend/src/views/Process.vue               |  85 +++---
 frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue            |   8 +-
 frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue     |   9 +-
 frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue        |   6 +-
 17 files changed, 692 insertions(+), 319 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 frontend/src/i18n/index.js
 create mode 100644 frontend/src/i18n/useT.js
 create mode 100644 frontend/src/store/locale.js

diff --git a/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue b/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
index 314c966e4..06f5ce79d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/GraphPanel.vue
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
       <span class="panel-title">Graph Relationship Visualization</span>
       <!-- 顶部工具栏 (Internal Top Right) -->
       <div class="header-tools">
-        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('refresh')" :disabled="loading" title="刷新图谱">
+        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('refresh')" :disabled="loading" title="Refresh Graph">
           <span class="icon-refresh" :class="{ 'spinning': loading }">↻</span>
           <span class="btn-text">Refresh</span>
         </button>
-        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('toggle-maximize')" title="最大化/还原">
+        <button class="tool-btn" @click="$emit('toggle-maximize')" title="Maximize/Restore">
           <span class="icon-maximize">⛶</span>
         </button>
       </div>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
               <path d="M14.5 2A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 4.5v15a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.96.44 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.96-3.08 3 3 0 0 0 .34-5.58 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.32-4.24 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-4.44-4.04z" />
             </svg>
           </div>
-          {{ isSimulating ? 'GraphRAG长短期记忆实时更新中' : '实时更新中...' }}
+          {{ isSimulating ? t('graph.simulationUpdating') : t('graph.updating') }}
         </div>
         
         <!-- 模拟结束后的提示 -->
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
               <line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12.01" y2="8"></line>
             </svg>
           </div>
-          <span class="hint-text">还有少量内容处理中，建议稍后手动刷新图谱</span>
-          <button class="hint-close-btn" @click="dismissFinishedHint" title="关闭提示">
+          <span class="hint-text">{{ t('graph.finishedHint') }}</span>
+          <button class="hint-close-btn" @click="dismissFinishedHint" :title="t('graph.closeHint')">
             <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="14" height="14" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2">
               <line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"></line>
               <line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"></line>
@@ -203,13 +203,13 @@
       <!-- 加载状态 -->
       <div v-else-if="loading" class="graph-state">
         <div class="loading-spinner"></div>
-        <p>图谱数据加载中...</p>
+        <p>{{ t('graph.loadingData') }}</p>
       </div>
       
       <!-- 等待/空状态 -->
       <div v-else class="graph-state">
         <div class="empty-icon">❖</div>
-        <p class="empty-text">等待本体生成...</p>
+        <p class="empty-text">{{ t('graph.waitingOntology') }}</p>
       </div>
     </div>
 
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@
 <script setup>
 import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick, computed } from 'vue'
 import * as d3 from 'd3'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
+
+const t = useT()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   graphData: Object,
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue b/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
index edc73f46b..8459501bc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/HistoryDatabase.vue
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <!-- 标题区域 -->
     <div class="section-header">
       <div class="section-line"></div>
-      <span class="section-title">推演记录</span>
+      <span class="section-title">{{ t('history.title') }}</span>
       <div class="section-line"></div>
     </div>
 
@@ -36,16 +36,16 @@
             <span 
               class="status-icon" 
               :class="{ available: project.project_id, unavailable: !project.project_id }"
-              title="图谱构建"
+              :title="t('history.graphBuild')"
             >◇</span>
-            <span 
-              class="status-icon available" 
-              title="环境搭建"
+            <span
+              class="status-icon available"
+              :title="t('history.envSetup')"
             >◈</span>
-            <span 
-              class="status-icon" 
+            <span
+              class="status-icon"
               :class="{ available: project.report_id, unavailable: !project.report_id }"
-              title="分析报告"
+              :title="t('history.analysisReport')"
             >◆</span>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@
             </div>
             <!-- 如果有更多文件，显示提示 -->
             <div v-if="project.files.length > 3" class="files-more">
-              +{{ project.files.length - 3 }} 个文件
+              {{ t('history.moreFiles', project.files.length - 3) }}
             </div>
           </div>
           <!-- 无文件时的占位 -->
           <div class="files-empty" v-else>
             <span class="empty-file-icon">◇</span>
-            <span class="empty-file-text">暂无文件</span>
+            <span class="empty-file-text">{{ t('history.noFiles') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
     <!-- 加载状态 -->
     <div v-if="loading" class="loading-state">
       <span class="loading-spinner"></span>
-      <span class="loading-text">加载中...</span>
+      <span class="loading-text">{{ t('history.loading') }}</span>
     </div>
 
     <!-- 历史回放详情弹窗 -->
@@ -126,27 +126,27 @@
             <div class="modal-body">
               <!-- 模拟需求 -->
               <div class="modal-section">
-                <div class="modal-label">模拟需求</div>
-                <div class="modal-requirement">{{ selectedProject.simulation_requirement || '无' }}</div>
+                <div class="modal-label">{{ t('history.simRequirement') }}</div>
+                <div class="modal-requirement">{{ selectedProject.simulation_requirement || t('history.none') }}</div>
               </div>
 
               <!-- 文件列表 -->
               <div class="modal-section">
-                <div class="modal-label">关联文件</div>
+                <div class="modal-label">{{ t('history.relatedFiles') }}</div>
                 <div class="modal-files" v-if="selectedProject.files && selectedProject.files.length > 0">
                   <div v-for="(file, index) in selectedProject.files" :key="index" class="modal-file-item">
                     <span class="file-tag" :class="getFileType(file.filename)">{{ getFileTypeLabel(file.filename) }}</span>
                     <span class="modal-file-name">{{ file.filename }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
-                <div class="modal-empty" v-else>暂无关联文件</div>
+                <div class="modal-empty" v-else>{{ t('history.noRelatedFiles') }}</div>
               </div>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 推演回放分割线 -->
             <div class="modal-divider">
               <span class="divider-line"></span>
-              <span class="divider-text">推演回放</span>
+              <span class="divider-text">{{ t('history.playback') }}</span>
               <span class="divider-line"></span>
             </div>
 
@@ -159,29 +159,29 @@
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step1</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◇</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">图谱构建</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ t('history.graphBuild') }}</span>
               </button>
-              <button 
-                class="modal-btn btn-simulation" 
+              <button
+                class="modal-btn btn-simulation"
                 @click="goToSimulation"
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step2</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◈</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">环境搭建</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ t('history.envSetup') }}</span>
               </button>
-              <button 
-                class="modal-btn btn-report" 
+              <button
+                class="modal-btn btn-report"
                 @click="goToReport"
                 :disabled="!selectedProject.report_id"
               >
                 <span class="btn-step">Step4</span>
                 <span class="btn-icon">◆</span>
-                <span class="btn-text">分析报告</span>
+                <span class="btn-text">{{ t('history.analysisReport') }}</span>
               </button>
             </div>
             <!-- 不可回放提示 -->
             <div class="modal-playback-hint">
-              <span class="hint-text">Step3「开始模拟」与 Step5「深度互动」需在运行中启动，不支持历史回放</span>
+              <span class="hint-text">{{ t('history.playbackHint') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -194,6 +194,9 @@
 import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, onActivated, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter, useRoute } from 'vue-router'
 import { getSimulationHistory } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
+
+const t = useT()
 
 const router = useRouter()
 const route = useRoute()
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
index de33a3fd1..8758e430e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step1GraphBuild.vue
@@ -6,25 +6,25 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">01</span>
-            <span class="step-title">本体生成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ t('step1.ontologyTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase > 0" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 0" class="badge processing">生成中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase > 0" class="badge success">{{ t('step1.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 0" class="badge processing">{{ t('step1.generating') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step1.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/graph/ontology/generate</p>
           <p class="description">
-            LLM分析文档内容与模拟需求，提取出现实种子，自动生成合适的本体结构
+            {{ t('step1.ontologyDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <!-- Loading / Progress -->
           <div v-if="currentPhase === 0 && ontologyProgress" class="progress-section">
             <div class="spinner-sm"></div>
-            <span>{{ ontologyProgress.message || '正在分析文档...' }}</span>
+            <span>{{ ontologyProgress.message || t('step1.analyzingDocs') }}</span>
           </div>
 
           <!-- Detail Overlay -->
@@ -110,34 +110,34 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">02</span>
-            <span class="step-title">GraphRAG构建</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ t('step1.graphBuildTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase > 1" class="badge success">已完成</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase > 1" class="badge success">{{ t('step1.completed') }}</span>
             <span v-else-if="currentPhase === 1" class="badge processing">{{ buildProgress?.progress || 0 }}%</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step1.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/graph/build</p>
           <p class="description">
-            基于生成的本体，将文档自动分块后调用 Zep 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系，并形成时序记忆与社区摘要
+            {{ t('step1.graphBuildDesc') }}
           </p>
           
           <!-- Stats Cards -->
           <div class="stats-grid">
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.nodes }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">实体节点</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step1.entityNodes') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.edges }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">关系边</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step1.relationEdges') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ graphStats.types }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">SCHEMA类型</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step1.schemaTypes') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -148,23 +148,23 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">03</span>
-            <span class="step-title">构建完成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ t('step1.buildCompleteTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="currentPhase >= 2" class="badge accent">进行中</span>
+            <span v-if="currentPhase >= 2" class="badge accent">In Progress</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/create</p>
-          <p class="description">图谱构建已完成，请进入下一步进行模拟环境搭建</p>
+          <p class="description">{{ t('step1.buildCompleteDesc') }}</p>
           <button 
             class="action-btn" 
             :disabled="currentPhase < 2 || creatingSimulation"
             @click="handleEnterEnvSetup"
           >
             <span v-if="creatingSimulation" class="spinner-sm"></span>
-            {{ creatingSimulation ? '创建中...' : '进入环境搭建 ➝' }}
+            {{ creatingSimulation ? t('step1.creating') : t('step1.enterEnvSetup') }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -190,8 +190,10 @@
 import { computed, ref, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { createSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   currentPhase: { type: Number, default: 0 },
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
index eae776aaf..f9c66ec9b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step2EnvSetup.vue
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">01</span>
-            <span class="step-title">模拟实例初始化</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ t('step2.instanceTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 0" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge processing">初始化</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 0" class="badge success">{{ t('step2.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge processing">{{ t('step2.initializing') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
         
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/create</p>
           <p class="description">
-            新建simulation实例，拉取模拟世界参数模版
+            {{ t('step2.instanceDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <div v-if="simulationId" class="info-card">
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             </div>
             <div class="info-row">
               <span class="info-label">Task ID</span>
-              <span class="info-value mono">{{ taskId || '异步任务已完成' }}</span>
+              <span class="info-value mono">{{ taskId || t('step2.asyncDone') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -46,41 +46,41 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">02</span>
-            <span class="step-title">生成 Agent 人设</span>
+            <span class="step-title">{{ t('step2.personaTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 1" class="badge success">已完成</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 1" class="badge success">{{ t('step2.completed') }}</span>
             <span v-else-if="phase === 1" class="badge processing">{{ prepareProgress }}%</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step2.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            结合上下文，自动调用工具从知识图谱梳理实体与关系，初始化模拟个体，并基于现实种子赋予他们独特的行为与记忆
+            {{ t('step2.personaDesc') }}
           </p>
 
           <!-- Profiles Stats -->
           <div v-if="profiles.length > 0" class="stats-grid">
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ profiles.length }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">当前Agent数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step2.currentAgents') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ expectedTotal || '-' }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">预期Agent总数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step2.expectedAgents') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="stat-card">
               <span class="stat-value">{{ totalTopicsCount }}</span>
-              <span class="stat-label">现实种子当前关联话题数</span>
+              <span class="stat-label">{{ t('step2.topicsCount') }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           <!-- Profiles List Preview -->
           <div v-if="profiles.length > 0" class="profiles-preview">
             <div class="preview-header">
-              <span class="preview-title">已生成的 Agent 人设</span>
+              <span class="preview-title">{{ t('step2.generatedPersonas') }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="profiles-list">
               <div 
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@
                   <span class="profile-username">@{{ profile.name || `agent_${idx}` }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="profile-meta">
-                  <span class="profile-profession">{{ profile.profession || '未知职业' }}</span>
+                  <span class="profile-profession">{{ profile.profession || t('step2.unknownProfession') }}</span>
                 </div>
-                <p class="profile-bio">{{ profile.bio || '暂无简介' }}</p>
+                <p class="profile-bio">{{ profile.bio || t('step2.noBio') }}</p>
                 <div v-if="profile.interested_topics?.length" class="profile-topics">
                   <span 
                     v-for="topic in profile.interested_topics.slice(0, 3)" 
@@ -118,19 +118,19 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">03</span>
-            <span class="step-title">生成双平台模拟配置</span>
+            <span class="step-title">Generate Dual-Platform Config</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 2" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="phase === 2" class="badge processing">生成中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 2" class="badge success">{{ t('step2.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="phase === 2" class="badge processing">Generating</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step2.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            LLM 根据模拟需求与现实种子，智能设置世界时间流速、推荐算法、每个个体的活跃时间段、发言频率、事件触发等参数
+            LLM intelligently sets world time flow, recommendation algorithms, each individual's active hours, posting frequency, event triggers, and other parameters based on simulation requirements and reality seeds.
           </p>
           
           <!-- Config Preview -->
@@ -139,40 +139,40 @@
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-grid">
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">模拟时长</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }} 小时</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">Sim Duration</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }} hrs</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">每轮时长</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }} 分钟</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">Round Duration</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }} min</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">总轮次</span>
-                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ Math.floor((simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours * 60 / simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round)) || '-' }} 轮</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">Total Rounds</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-value">{{ Math.floor((simulationConfig.time_config?.total_simulation_hours * 60 / simulationConfig.time_config?.minutes_per_round)) || '-' }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="config-item">
-                  <span class="config-item-label">每小时活跃</span>
+                  <span class="config-item-label">Active/hr</span>
                   <span class="config-item-value">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.agents_per_hour_min }}-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.agents_per_hour_max }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="time-periods">
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">高峰时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">Peak Hours</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.peak_hours?.join(':00, ') }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.peak_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">工作时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">Work Hours</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.work_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">早间时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">Morning</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.morning_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div class="period-item">
-                  <span class="period-label">低谷时段</span>
+                  <span class="period-label">Off-peak</span>
                   <span class="period-hours">{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_hours?.[0] }}:00-{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_hours?.slice(-1)[0] }}:00</span>
                   <span class="period-multiplier">×{{ simulationConfig.time_config?.off_peak_activity_multiplier }}</span>
                 </div>
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@
             <!-- Agent 配置 -->
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">Agent 配置</span>
-                <span class="config-block-badge">{{ simulationConfig.agent_configs?.length || 0 }} 个</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">Agent Config</span>
+                <span class="config-block-badge">{{ simulationConfig.agent_configs?.length || 0 }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="agents-cards">
                 <div 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
                   
                   <!-- 活跃时间轴 -->
                   <div class="agent-timeline">
-                    <span class="timeline-label">活跃时段</span>
+                    <span class="timeline-label">Active Hours</span>
                     <div class="mini-timeline">
                       <div 
                         v-for="hour in 24" 
@@ -228,34 +228,34 @@
                   <div class="agent-params">
                     <div class="param-group">
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">发帖/时</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Posts/hr</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.posts_per_hour }}</span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">评论/时</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Comments/hr</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.comments_per_hour }}</span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">响应延迟</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Response Delay</span>
                         <span class="param-value">{{ agent.response_delay_min }}-{{ agent.response_delay_max }}min</span>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-group">
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">活跃度</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Activity</span>
                         <span class="param-value with-bar">
                           <span class="mini-bar" :style="{ width: (agent.activity_level * 100) + '%' }"></span>
                           {{ (agent.activity_level * 100).toFixed(0) }}%
                         </span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">情感倾向</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Sentiment</span>
                         <span class="param-value" :class="agent.sentiment_bias > 0 ? 'positive' : agent.sentiment_bias < 0 ? 'negative' : 'neutral'">
                           {{ agent.sentiment_bias > 0 ? '+' : '' }}{{ agent.sentiment_bias?.toFixed(1) }}
                         </span>
                       </div>
                       <div class="param-item">
-                        <span class="param-label">影响力</span>
+                        <span class="param-label">Influence</span>
                         <span class="param-value highlight">{{ agent.influence_weight?.toFixed(1) }}</span>
                       </div>
                     </div>
@@ -267,59 +267,59 @@
             <!-- 平台配置 -->
             <div class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">推荐算法配置</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">Recommendation Algorithm Config</span>
               </div>
               <div class="platforms-grid">
                 <div v-if="simulationConfig.twitter_config" class="platform-card">
                   <div class="platform-card-header">
-                    <span class="platform-name">平台 1：广场 / 信息流</span>
+                    <span class="platform-name">Platform 1: Info Plaza / Feed</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="platform-params">
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">时效权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Recency Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.recency_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">热度权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Popularity Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.popularity_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">相关性权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Relevance Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.relevance_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">病毒阈值</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Viral Threshold</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.viral_threshold }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">回音室强度</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Echo Chamber</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.twitter_config.echo_chamber_strength }}</span>
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
                 <div v-if="simulationConfig.reddit_config" class="platform-card">
                   <div class="platform-card-header">
-                    <span class="platform-name">平台 2：话题 / 社区</span>
+                    <span class="platform-name">Platform 2: Topic Community</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="platform-params">
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">时效权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Recency Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.recency_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">热度权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Popularity Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.popularity_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">相关性权重</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Relevance Weight</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.relevance_weight }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">病毒阈值</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Viral Threshold</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.viral_threshold }}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="param-row">
-                      <span class="param-label">回音室强度</span>
+                      <span class="param-label">Echo Chamber</span>
                       <span class="param-value">{{ simulationConfig.reddit_config.echo_chamber_strength }}</span>
                     </div>
                   </div>
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
             <!-- LLM 配置推理 -->
             <div v-if="simulationConfig.generation_reasoning" class="config-block">
               <div class="config-block-header">
-                <span class="config-block-title">LLM 配置推理</span>
+                <span class="config-block-title">LLM Config Reasoning</span>
               </div>
               <div class="reasoning-content">
                 <div 
@@ -351,19 +351,19 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">04</span>
-            <span class="step-title">初始激活编排</span>
+            <span class="step-title">Initial Activation Orchestration</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase > 3" class="badge success">已完成</span>
-            <span v-else-if="phase === 3" class="badge processing">编排中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase > 3" class="badge success">{{ t('step2.completed') }}</span>
+            <span v-else-if="phase === 3" class="badge processing">Orchestrating</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step2.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/prepare</p>
           <p class="description">
-            基于叙事方向，自动生成初始激活事件与热点话题，引导模拟世界的初始状态
+            Based on the narrative direction, auto-generate initial activation events and trending topics to guide the initial state of the simulated world.
           </p>
 
           <div v-if="simulationConfig?.event_config" class="orchestration-content">
@@ -380,14 +380,14 @@
                     </linearGradient>
                   </defs>
                 </svg>
-                叙事引导方向
+                Narrative Direction
               </span>
               <p class="narrative-text">{{ simulationConfig.event_config.narrative_direction }}</p>
             </div>
 
             <!-- 热点话题 -->
             <div class="topics-section">
-              <span class="box-label">初始热点话题</span>
+              <span class="box-label">Initial Trending Topics</span>
               <div class="hot-topics-grid">
                 <span v-for="topic in simulationConfig.event_config.hot_topics" :key="topic" class="hot-topic-tag">
                   # {{ topic }}
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
 
             <!-- 初始帖子流 -->
             <div class="initial-posts-section">
-              <span class="box-label">初始激活序列 ({{ simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts.length }})</span>
+              <span class="box-label">Initial Activation Sequence ({{ simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts.length }})</span>
               <div class="posts-timeline">
                 <div v-for="(post, idx) in simulationConfig.event_config.initial_posts" :key="idx" class="timeline-item">
                   <div class="timeline-marker"></div>
@@ -423,29 +423,29 @@
         <div class="card-header">
           <div class="step-info">
             <span class="step-num">05</span>
-            <span class="step-title">准备完成</span>
+            <span class="step-title">Ready to Start</span>
           </div>
           <div class="step-status">
-            <span v-if="phase >= 4" class="badge processing">进行中</span>
-            <span v-else class="badge pending">等待</span>
+            <span v-if="phase >= 4" class="badge processing">In Progress</span>
+            <span v-else class="badge pending">{{ t('step2.pending') }}</span>
           </div>
         </div>
 
         <div class="card-content">
           <p class="api-note">POST /api/simulation/start</p>
-          <p class="description">模拟环境已准备完成，可以开始运行模拟</p>
+          <p class="description">Simulation environment is ready. You can now start the simulation.</p>
           
           <!-- 模拟轮数配置 - 只有在配置生成完成且轮数计算出来后才显示 -->
           <div v-if="simulationConfig && autoGeneratedRounds" class="rounds-config-section">
             <div class="rounds-header">
               <div class="header-left">
-                <span class="section-title">模拟轮数设定</span>
-                <span class="section-desc">MiroFish 自动规划推演现实 <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }}</span> 小时，每轮代表现实 <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }}</span> 分钟时间流逝</span>
+                <span class="section-title">Simulation Rounds</span>
+                <span class="section-desc">MiroFish auto-plans <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.total_simulation_hours || '-' }}</span> real-world hours; each round represents <span class="desc-highlight">{{ simulationConfig?.time_config?.minutes_per_round || '-' }}</span> minutes of real-world time</span>
               </div>
               <label class="switch-control">
                 <input type="checkbox" v-model="useCustomRounds">
                 <span class="switch-track"></span>
-                <span class="switch-label">自定义</span>
+                <span class="switch-label">Custom</span>
               </label>
             </div>
             
@@ -454,10 +454,10 @@
                 <div class="slider-display">
                   <div class="slider-main-value">
                     <span class="val-num">{{ customMaxRounds }}</span>
-                    <span class="val-unit">轮</span>
+                    <span class="val-unit">rounds</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="slider-meta-info">
-                    <span>若Agent规模为100：预计耗时约 {{ Math.round(customMaxRounds * 0.6) }} 分钟</span>
+                    <span>Est. ~{{ Math.round(customMaxRounds * 0.6) }} min for 100 agents</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
 
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@
                       :class="{ active: customMaxRounds === 40 }"
                       @click="customMaxRounds = 40"
                       :style="{ position: 'absolute', left: `calc(${(40 - 10) / (autoGeneratedRounds - 10) * 100}% - 30px)` }"
-                    >40 (推荐)</span>
+                    >40 (recommended)</span>
                     <span>{{ autoGeneratedRounds }}</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@
                 <div class="auto-info-card">
                   <div class="auto-value">
                     <span class="val-num">{{ autoGeneratedRounds }}</span>
-                    <span class="val-unit">轮</span>
+                    <span class="val-unit">rounds</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="auto-content">
                     <div class="auto-meta-row">
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@
                           <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle>
                           <polyline points="12 6 12 12 16 14"></polyline>
                         </svg>
-                        若Agent规模为100：预计耗时 {{ Math.round(autoGeneratedRounds * 0.6) }} 分钟
+                        Est. ~{{ Math.round(autoGeneratedRounds * 0.6) }} min for 100 agents
                       </span>
                     </div>
                     <div class="auto-desc">
-                      <p class="highlight-tip" @click="useCustomRounds = true">若首次运行，强烈建议切换至‘自定义模式’减少模拟轮数，以便快速预览效果并降低报错风险 ➝</p>
+                      <p class="highlight-tip" @click="useCustomRounds = true">First time running? We strongly recommend switching to Custom Mode to reduce rounds for a quick preview and lower error risk. ➝</p>
                     </div>
                   </div>
                 </div>
@@ -514,14 +514,14 @@
               class="action-btn secondary"
               @click="$emit('go-back')"
             >
-              ← 返回图谱构建
+              ← Back to Graph Build
             </button>
             <button 
               class="action-btn primary"
               :disabled="phase < 4"
               @click="handleStartSimulation"
             >
-              开始双世界并行模拟 ➝
+              Start Dual-World Parallel Simulation ➝
             </button>
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -547,32 +547,32 @@
           <!-- 基本信息 -->
           <div class="modal-info-grid">
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显年龄</span>
-              <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.age || '-' }} 岁</span>
+              <span class="info-label">Apparent Age</span>
+              <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.age || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显性别</span>
-              <span class="info-value">{{ { male: '男', female: '女', other: '其他' }[selectedProfile.gender] || selectedProfile.gender }}</span>
+              <span class="info-label">Apparent Gender</span>
+              <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.gender }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">国家/地区</span>
+              <span class="info-label">Country/Region</span>
               <span class="info-value">{{ selectedProfile.country || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="info-item">
-              <span class="info-label">事件外显MBTI</span>
+              <span class="info-label">Apparent MBTI</span>
               <span class="info-value mbti">{{ selectedProfile.mbti || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
 
           <!-- 简介 -->
           <div class="modal-section">
-            <span class="section-label">人设简介</span>
-            <p class="section-bio">{{ selectedProfile.bio || '暂无简介' }}</p>
+            <span class="section-label">Persona Bio</span>
+            <p class="section-bio">{{ selectedProfile.bio || t('step2.noBio') }}</p>
           </div>
 
           <!-- 关注话题 -->
           <div class="modal-section" v-if="selectedProfile.interested_topics?.length">
-            <span class="section-label">现实种子关联话题</span>
+            <span class="section-label">Reality Seed Topics</span>
             <div class="topics-grid">
               <span 
                 v-for="topic in selectedProfile.interested_topics" 
@@ -584,25 +584,25 @@
 
           <!-- 详细人设 -->
           <div class="modal-section" v-if="selectedProfile.persona">
-            <span class="section-label">详细人设背景</span>
-            
-            <!-- 人设维度概览 -->
+            <span class="section-label">{{ t('step2.personaBackground') }}</span>
+
+            <!-- Persona dimension overview -->
             <div class="persona-dimensions">
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">事件全景经历</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">在此事件中的完整行为轨迹</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ t('step2.dimEventHistory') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ t('step2.dimEventHistoryDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">行为模式侧写</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">经验总结与行事风格偏好</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ t('step2.dimBehaviorPattern') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ t('step2.dimBehaviorPatternDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">独特记忆印记</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">基于现实种子形成的记忆</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ t('step2.dimMemoryImprint') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ t('step2.dimMemoryImprintDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="dimension-card">
-                <span class="dim-title">社会关系网络</span>
-                <span class="dim-desc">个体链接与交互图谱</span>
+                <span class="dim-title">{{ t('step2.dimSocialNetwork') }}</span>
+                <span class="dim-desc">{{ t('step2.dimSocialNetworkDesc') }}</span>
               </div>
             </div>
 
@@ -633,13 +633,14 @@
 
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
-import { 
-  prepareSimulation, 
-  getPrepareStatus, 
+import {
+  prepareSimulation,
+  getPrepareStatus,
   getSimulationProfilesRealtime,
   getSimulationConfig,
-  getSimulationConfigRealtime 
+  getSimulationConfigRealtime
 } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const props = defineProps({
   simulationId: String,  // 从父组件传入
@@ -651,7 +652,8 @@ const props = defineProps({
 const emit = defineEmits(['go-back', 'next-step', 'add-log', 'update-status'])
 
 // State
-const phase = ref(0) // 0: 初始化, 1: 生成人设, 2: 生成配置, 3: 完成
+const t = useT()
+const phase = ref(0)
 const taskId = ref(null)
 const prepareProgress = ref(0)
 const currentStage = ref('')
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
index 74d0e1e7b..9f80cc86d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step3Simulation.vue
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
           @click="handleNextStep"
         >
           <span v-if="isGeneratingReport" class="loading-spinner-small"></span>
-          {{ isGeneratingReport ? '启动中...' : '开始生成结果报告' }} 
+          {{ isGeneratingReport ? t('step3.generatingBtn') : t('step3.startReportBtn') }}
           <span v-if="!isGeneratingReport" class="arrow-icon">→</span>
         </button>
       </div>
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@
 
 <script setup>
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { 
   startSimulation, 
@@ -296,9 +297,11 @@ import {
 } from '../api/simulation'
 import { generateReport } from '../api/report'
 
+const t = useT()
+
 const props = defineProps({
   simulationId: String,
-  maxRounds: Number, // 从Step2传入的最大轮数
+  maxRounds: Number,
   minutesPerRound: {
     type: Number,
     default: 30 // 默认每轮30分钟
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
index 22f2bdcfd..2c8f7b751 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step4Report.vue
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                       <path d="M12 2a10 10 0 0 1 10 10" stroke-width="4" stroke="#4B5563" stroke-linecap="round"></path>
                     </svg>
                   </div>
-                  <span class="loading-text">正在生成{{ section.title }}...</span>
+                  <span class="loading-text">{{ t('report.generating', section.title) }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -393,8 +393,10 @@
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick, h, reactive } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { getAgentLog, getConsoleLog } from '../api/report'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String,
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue b/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
index 3d84c7ce0..489247ff8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/Step5Interaction.vue
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
                       <path d="M12 2a10 10 0 0 1 10 10" stroke-width="4" stroke="#4B5563" stroke-linecap="round"></path>
                     </svg>
                   </div>
-                  <span class="loading-text">正在生成{{ section.title }}...</span>
+                  <span class="loading-text">{{ t('report.generating', section.title) }}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -414,6 +414,9 @@
 import { ref, computed, watch, onMounted, onUnmounted, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { chatWithReport, getReport, getAgentLog } from '../api/report'
 import { interviewAgents, getSimulationProfilesRealtime } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
+
+const t = useT()
 
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String,
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/index.js b/frontend/src/i18n/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd0e879c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+export const messages = {
+  en: {
+    // Navbar
+    nav: {
+      github: 'Visit our GitHub',
+      langToggle: '中文',
+    },
+    // Home hero
+    home: {
+      tag: 'Simple & Universal Swarm Intelligence Engine',
+      version: '/ v0.1-Preview',
+      titleLine1: 'Upload Any Report',
+      titleLine2: 'Predict the Future Instantly',
+      desc1: 'Even a single paragraph of text lets <b>MiroFish</b> automatically construct a parallel world of up to <b class="highlight-orange">one million Agents</b> from the reality seeds within. Inject variables from a god\'s-eye view and find the <code class="highlight-code">"local optimum"</code> in dynamic environments through complex group interactions.',
+      slogan: 'Let the future be rehearsed in Agent swarms, let decisions prevail after countless battles',
+      // Left panel
+      systemStatus: 'System Status',
+      ready: 'Ready',
+      readyDesc: 'Prediction engine on standby. Upload unstructured data to initialize simulation sequences.',
+      lowCost: 'Low Cost',
+      lowCostLabel: 'Avg. $5 / simulation',
+      highAvail: 'High Availability',
+      highAvailLabel: 'Up to million-scale Agent simulation',
+      workflowSeq: 'Workflow Sequence',
+      // Workflow steps
+      step1Title: 'Graph Build',
+      step1Desc: 'Reality seed extraction & individual/group memory injection & GraphRAG construction',
+      step2Title: 'Env Setup',
+      step2Desc: 'Entity relation extraction & persona generation & env config Agent parameter injection',
+      step3Title: 'Start Simulation',
+      step3Desc: 'Dual-platform parallel simulation & auto-parse prediction needs & dynamic temporal memory update',
+      step4Title: 'Report Generation',
+      step4Desc: 'ReportAgent has a rich toolset for deep interaction with the post-simulation environment',
+      step5Title: 'Deep Interaction',
+      step5Desc: 'Chat with any agent in the simulated world & chat with ReportAgent',
+      // Console
+      consoleSeed: '01 / Reality Seed',
+      consoleFormat: 'Supported: PDF, MD, TXT',
+      uploadTitle: 'Drag & Drop to Upload',
+      uploadHint: 'or click to browse files',
+      inputParams: 'Input Parameters',
+      consolePrompt: '>_ 02 / Simulation Prompt',
+      placeholder: '// Enter simulation or prediction requirements in natural language (e.g. If Wuhan Univ released a retraction of the sanction against Xiao, what public opinion would follow?)',
+      engineBadge: 'Engine: MiroFish-V1.0',
+      launchBtn: 'Launch Engine',
+      launchingBtn: 'Initializing...',
+    },
+    // History database
+    history: {
+      title: 'Simulation History',
+      graphBuild: 'Graph Build',
+      envSetup: 'Env Setup',
+      analysisReport: 'Analysis Report',
+      moreFiles: (n) => `+${n} more files`,
+      noFiles: 'No files',
+      loading: 'Loading...',
+      none: 'None',
+      simRequirement: 'Simulation Requirement',
+      relatedFiles: 'Related Files',
+      noRelatedFiles: 'No related files',
+      playback: 'Simulation Replay',
+      playbackHint: 'Step3 "Start Simulation" and Step5 "Deep Interaction" must be launched live — history replay is not supported',
+    },
+    // View modes
+    viewMode: {
+      graph: 'Graph',
+      split: 'Split',
+      workbench: 'Workbench',
+    },
+    // Step names
+    stepNames: ['Graph Build', 'Env Setup', 'Start Simulation', 'Report Generation', 'Deep Interaction'],
+    // Process page
+    process: {
+      stepName: 'Graph Build',
+      graphTitle: 'Real-time Knowledge Graph',
+      nodes: 'Nodes',
+      relations: 'Relations',
+      refreshTitle: 'Refresh Graph',
+      exitFullscreen: 'Exit Fullscreen',
+      enterFullscreen: 'Fullscreen',
+      updating: 'Updating in real-time...',
+      loadingGraph: 'Loading graph data...',
+    },
+    // Step1 - Graph Build component
+    step1: {
+      ontologyTitle: 'Ontology Generation',
+      completed: 'Completed',
+      generating: 'Generating',
+      pending: 'Pending',
+      ontologyDesc: 'LLM analyzes document content and simulation requirements, extracts reality seeds, and auto-generates the appropriate ontology structure.',
+      analyzingDocs: 'Analyzing documents...',
+      graphBuildTitle: 'GraphRAG Construction',
+      graphBuildDesc: 'Based on the generated ontology, documents are auto-chunked and fed into Zep to build a knowledge graph, extracting entities and relations, forming temporal memory and community summaries.',
+      entityNodes: 'Entity Nodes',
+      relationEdges: 'Relation Edges',
+      schemaTypes: 'Schema Types',
+      buildCompleteTitle: 'Build Complete',
+      buildCompleteDesc: 'Graph construction finished. Proceed to the next step for simulation environment setup.',
+      enterEnvSetup: 'Enter Env Setup ➝',
+      creating: 'Creating...',
+    },
+    // Step2 - Env Setup component
+    step2: {
+      instanceTitle: 'Simulation Instance Init',
+      personaTitle: 'Generate Agent Personas',
+      configTitle: 'Environment Configuration',
+      nextStepTitle: 'Start Simulation',
+      initializing: 'Initializing',
+      completed: 'Completed',
+      pending: 'Pending',
+      instanceDesc: 'Create a new simulation instance and pull the simulation world parameter template.',
+      asyncDone: 'Async task completed',
+      personaDesc: 'Automatically calls tools to organize entities and relations from the knowledge graph, initializes simulation individuals, and assigns unique behaviors and memories based on reality seeds.',
+      currentAgents: 'Current Agents',
+      expectedAgents: 'Expected Total Agents',
+      topicsCount: 'Reality Seed Topics',
+      generatedPersonas: 'Generated Agent Personas',
+      unknownProfession: 'Unknown Profession',
+      noBio: 'No bio available',
+      configDesc: 'Configure simulation environment parameters.',
+      maxRoundsLabel: 'Max Simulation Rounds',
+      startSimBtn: 'Start Simulation ➝',
+      startingBtn: 'Starting...',
+      personaBackground: 'Detailed Persona Background',
+      dimEventHistory: 'Event Panorama',
+      dimEventHistoryDesc: 'Full behavioral trajectory in this event',
+      dimBehaviorPattern: 'Behavior Profile',
+      dimBehaviorPatternDesc: 'Summarized experience and action style',
+      dimMemoryImprint: 'Unique Memory Imprint',
+      dimMemoryImprintDesc: 'Memories formed from reality seeds',
+      dimSocialNetwork: 'Social Relationship Network',
+      dimSocialNetworkDesc: 'Individual links and interaction graph',
+    },
+    // Step3 - Simulation
+    step3: {
+      startReportBtn: 'Generate Result Report',
+      generatingBtn: 'Starting...',
+    },
+    // Step4 / Step5 - Report / Interaction
+    report: {
+      generating: (title) => `Generating ${title}...`,
+    },
+    // Graph panel
+    graph: {
+      updating: 'Updating in real-time...',
+      simulationUpdating: 'GraphRAG long/short-term memory updating in real-time',
+      finishedHint: 'A small amount of content is still processing. Consider refreshing the graph manually.',
+      closeHint: 'Close hint',
+      loadingData: 'Loading graph data...',
+      waitingOntology: 'Waiting for ontology generation...',
+    },
+  },
+
+  zh: {
+    nav: {
+      github: '访问我们的Github主页',
+      langToggle: 'EN',
+    },
+    home: {
+      tag: '简洁通用的群体智能引擎',
+      version: '/ v0.1-预览版',
+      titleLine1: '上传任意报告',
+      titleLine2: '即刻推演未来',
+      desc1: '即使只有一段文字，<b>MiroFish</b> 也能基于其中的现实种子，全自动生成与之对应的至多<b class="highlight-orange">百万级Agent</b>构成的平行世界。通过上帝视角注入变量，在复杂的群体交互中寻找动态环境下的<code class="highlight-code">"局部最优解"</code>',
+      slogan: '让未来在 Agent 群中预演，让决策在百战后胜出',
+      systemStatus: '系统状态',
+      ready: '准备就绪',
+      readyDesc: '预测引擎待命中，可上传多份非结构化数据以初始化模拟序列',
+      lowCost: '低成本',
+      lowCostLabel: '常规模拟平均5$/次',
+      highAvail: '高可用',
+      highAvailLabel: '最多百万级Agent模拟',
+      workflowSeq: '工作流序列',
+      step1Title: '图谱构建',
+      step1Desc: '现实种子提取 & 个体与群体记忆注入 & GraphRAG构建',
+      step2Title: '环境搭建',
+      step2Desc: '实体关系抽取 & 人设生成 & 环境配置Agent注入仿真参数',
+      step3Title: '开始模拟',
+      step3Desc: '双平台并行模拟 & 自动解析预测需求 & 动态更新时序记忆',
+      step4Title: '报告生成',
+      step4Desc: 'ReportAgent拥有丰富的工具集与模拟后环境进行深度交互',
+      step5Title: '深度互动',
+      step5Desc: '与模拟世界中的任意一位进行对话 & 与ReportAgent进行对话',
+      consoleSeed: '01 / 现实种子',
+      consoleFormat: '支持格式: PDF, MD, TXT',
+      uploadTitle: '拖拽文件上传',
+      uploadHint: '或点击浏览文件系统',
+      inputParams: '输入参数',
+      consolePrompt: '>_ 02 / 模拟提示词',
+      placeholder: '// 用自然语言输入模拟或预测需求（例.武大若发布撤销肖某处分的公告，会引发什么舆情走向）',
+      engineBadge: '引擎: MiroFish-V1.0',
+      launchBtn: '启动引擎',
+      launchingBtn: '初始化中...',
+    },
+    history: {
+      title: '推演记录',
+      graphBuild: '图谱构建',
+      envSetup: '环境搭建',
+      analysisReport: '分析报告',
+      moreFiles: (n) => `+${n} 个文件`,
+      noFiles: '暂无文件',
+      loading: '加载中...',
+      none: '无',
+      simRequirement: '模拟需求',
+      relatedFiles: '关联文件',
+      noRelatedFiles: '暂无关联文件',
+      playback: '推演回放',
+      playbackHint: 'Step3「开始模拟」与 Step5「深度互动」需在运行中启动，不支持历史回放',
+    },
+    viewMode: {
+      graph: '图谱',
+      split: '双栏',
+      workbench: '工作台',
+    },
+    stepNames: ['图谱构建', '环境搭建', '开始模拟', '报告生成', '深度互动'],
+    process: {
+      stepName: '图谱构建',
+      graphTitle: '实时知识图谱',
+      nodes: '节点',
+      relations: '关系',
+      refreshTitle: '刷新图谱',
+      exitFullscreen: '退出全屏',
+      enterFullscreen: '全屏显示',
+      updating: '实时更新中...',
+      loadingGraph: '图谱数据加载中...',
+    },
+    step1: {
+      ontologyTitle: '本体生成',
+      completed: '已完成',
+      generating: '生成中',
+      pending: '等待',
+      ontologyDesc: 'LLM分析文档内容与模拟需求，提取出现实种子，自动生成合适的本体结构',
+      analyzingDocs: '正在分析文档...',
+      graphBuildTitle: 'GraphRAG构建',
+      graphBuildDesc: '基于生成的本体，将文档自动分块后调用 Zep 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系，并形成时序记忆与社区摘要',
+      entityNodes: '实体节点',
+      relationEdges: '关系边',
+      schemaTypes: 'SCHEMA类型',
+      buildCompleteTitle: '构建完成',
+      buildCompleteDesc: '图谱构建已完成，请进入下一步进行模拟环境搭建',
+      enterEnvSetup: '进入环境搭建 ➝',
+      creating: '创建中...',
+    },
+    step2: {
+      instanceTitle: '模拟实例初始化',
+      personaTitle: '生成 Agent 人设',
+      configTitle: '环境配置',
+      nextStepTitle: '开始模拟',
+      initializing: '初始化',
+      completed: '已完成',
+      pending: '等待',
+      instanceDesc: '新建simulation实例，拉取模拟世界参数模版',
+      asyncDone: '异步任务已完成',
+      personaDesc: '结合上下文，自动调用工具从知识图谱梳理实体与关系，初始化模拟个体，并基于现实种子赋予他们独特的行为与记忆',
+      currentAgents: '当前Agent数',
+      expectedAgents: '预期Agent总数',
+      topicsCount: '现实种子当前关联话题数',
+      generatedPersonas: '已生成的 Agent 人设',
+      unknownProfession: '未知职业',
+      noBio: '暂无简介',
+      configDesc: '配置模拟环境参数。',
+      maxRoundsLabel: '最大模拟轮数',
+      startSimBtn: '开始模拟 ➝',
+      startingBtn: '启动中...',
+      personaBackground: '详细人设背景',
+      dimEventHistory: '事件全景经历',
+      dimEventHistoryDesc: '在此事件中的完整行为轨迹',
+      dimBehaviorPattern: '行为模式侧写',
+      dimBehaviorPatternDesc: '经验总结与行事风格偏好',
+      dimMemoryImprint: '独特记忆印记',
+      dimMemoryImprintDesc: '基于现实种子形成的记忆',
+      dimSocialNetwork: '社会关系网络',
+      dimSocialNetworkDesc: '个体链接与交互图谱',
+    },
+    step3: {
+      startReportBtn: '开始生成结果报告',
+      generatingBtn: '启动中...',
+    },
+    report: {
+      generating: (title) => `正在生成${title}...`,
+    },
+    graph: {
+      updating: '实时更新中...',
+      simulationUpdating: 'GraphRAG长短期记忆实时更新中',
+      finishedHint: '还有少量内容处理中，建议稍后手动刷新图谱',
+      closeHint: '关闭提示',
+      loadingData: '图谱数据加载中...',
+      waitingOntology: '等待本体生成...',
+    },
+  },
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/useT.js b/frontend/src/i18n/useT.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb7c7712b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/useT.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { useLocale } from '../store/locale'
+import { messages } from './index'
+
+export function useT() {
+  const locale = useLocale()
+  // Returns a function t(keyPath) that resolves nested keys like 'home.tag'
+  const t = computed(() => {
+    const lang = locale.value
+    const dict = messages[lang] || messages.en
+    return function (keyPath, ...args) {
+      const parts = keyPath.split('.')
+      let val = dict
+      for (const p of parts) {
+        val = val?.[p]
+        if (val === undefined) break
+      }
+      if (val === undefined) {
+        // Fallback to English
+        let fallback = messages.en
+        for (const p of parts) {
+          fallback = fallback?.[p]
+          if (fallback === undefined) break
+        }
+        val = fallback
+      }
+      if (typeof val === 'function') return val(...args)
+      return val ?? keyPath
+    }
+  })
+  return t
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/store/locale.js b/frontend/src/store/locale.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1751d083c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/store/locale.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import { ref } from 'vue'
+
+const locale = ref(localStorage.getItem('mirofish-lang') || 'en')
+
+export function useLocale() {
+  return locale
+}
+
+export function setLocale(lang) {
+  locale.value = lang
+  localStorage.setItem('mirofish-lang', lang)
+}
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Home.vue b/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
index afe01a0c4..685e64606 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Home.vue
@@ -1,134 +1,136 @@
 <template>
   <div class="home-container">
-    <!-- 顶部导航栏 -->
+    <!-- Top Navbar -->
     <nav class="navbar">
       <div class="nav-brand">MIROFISH</div>
       <div class="nav-links">
         <a href="https://github.com/666ghj/MiroFish" target="_blank" class="github-link">
-          访问我们的Github主页 <span class="arrow">↗</span>
+          {{ t('nav.github') }} <span class="arrow">↗</span>
         </a>
+        <button class="lang-toggle" @click="toggleLang">{{ t('nav.langToggle') }}</button>
       </div>
     </nav>
 
     <div class="main-content">
-      <!-- 上半部分：Hero 区域 -->
+      <!-- Upper: Hero Section -->
       <section class="hero-section">
         <div class="hero-left">
           <div class="tag-row">
-            <span class="orange-tag">简洁通用的群体智能引擎</span>
-            <span class="version-text">/ v0.1-预览版</span>
+            <span class="orange-tag">{{ t('home.tag') }}</span>
+            <span class="version-text">{{ t('home.version') }}</span>
           </div>
-          
+
           <h1 class="main-title">
-            上传任意报告<br>
-            <span class="gradient-text">即刻推演未来</span>
+            {{ t('home.titleLine1') }}<br>
+            <span class="gradient-text">{{ t('home.titleLine2') }}</span>
           </h1>
-          
+
           <div class="hero-desc">
-            <p>
-              即使只有一段文字，<span class="highlight-bold">MiroFish</span> 也能基于其中的现实种子，全自动生成与之对应的至多<span class="highlight-orange">百万级Agent</span>构成的平行世界。通过上帝视角注入变量，在复杂的群体交互中寻找动态环境下的<span class="highlight-code">“局部最优解”</span>
+            <p v-if="locale === 'en'">
+              Even a single paragraph of text lets <span class="highlight-bold">MiroFish</span> automatically construct a parallel world of up to <span class="highlight-orange">one million Agents</span> from the reality seeds within. Inject variables from a god's-eye view and find the <span class="highlight-code">"local optimum"</span> in dynamic environments through complex group interactions.
+            </p>
+            <p v-else>
+              即使只有一段文字，<span class="highlight-bold">MiroFish</span> 也能基于其中的现实种子，全自动生成与之对应的至多<span class="highlight-orange">百万级Agent</span>构成的平行世界。通过上帝视角注入变量，在复杂的群体交互中寻找动态环境下的<span class="highlight-code">"局部最优解"</span>
             </p>
             <p class="slogan-text">
-              让未来在 Agent 群中预演，让决策在百战后胜出<span class="blinking-cursor">_</span>
+              {{ t('home.slogan') }}<span class="blinking-cursor">_</span>
             </p>
           </div>
-           
+
           <div class="decoration-square"></div>
         </div>
-        
+
         <div class="hero-right">
-          <!-- Logo 区域 -->
+          <!-- Logo -->
           <div class="logo-container">
             <img src="../assets/logo/MiroFish_logo_left.jpeg" alt="MiroFish Logo" class="hero-logo" />
           </div>
-          
+
           <button class="scroll-down-btn" @click="scrollToBottom">
             ↓
           </button>
         </div>
       </section>
 
-      <!-- 下半部分：双栏布局 -->
+      <!-- Lower: Dual Column Layout -->
       <section class="dashboard-section">
-        <!-- 左栏：状态与步骤 -->
+        <!-- Left Panel: Status & Steps -->
         <div class="left-panel">
           <div class="panel-header">
-            <span class="status-dot">■</span> 系统状态
+            <span class="status-dot">■</span> {{ t('home.systemStatus') }}
           </div>
-          
-          <h2 class="section-title">准备就绪</h2>
-          <p class="section-desc">
-            预测引擎待命中，可上传多份非结构化数据以初始化模拟序列
-          </p>
-          
-          <!-- 数据指标卡片 -->
+
+          <h2 class="section-title">{{ t('home.ready') }}</h2>
+          <p class="section-desc">{{ t('home.readyDesc') }}</p>
+
+          <!-- Metric Cards -->
           <div class="metrics-row">
             <div class="metric-card">
-              <div class="metric-value">低成本</div>
-              <div class="metric-label">常规模拟平均5$/次</div>
+              <div class="metric-value">{{ t('home.lowCost') }}</div>
+              <div class="metric-label">{{ t('home.lowCostLabel') }}</div>
             </div>
             <div class="metric-card">
-              <div class="metric-value">高可用</div>
-              <div class="metric-label">最多百万级Agent模拟</div>
+              <div class="metric-value">{{ t('home.highAvail') }}</div>
+              <div class="metric-label">{{ t('home.highAvailLabel') }}</div>
             </div>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- 项目模拟步骤介绍 (新增区域) -->
+          <!-- Workflow Steps -->
           <div class="steps-container">
             <div class="steps-header">
-               <span class="diamond-icon">◇</span> 工作流序列
+               <span class="diamond-icon">◇</span> {{ t('home.workflowSeq') }}
             </div>
             <div class="workflow-list">
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">01</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">图谱构建</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">现实种子提取 & 个体与群体记忆注入 & GraphRAG构建</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ t('home.step1Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ t('home.step1Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">02</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">环境搭建</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">实体关系抽取 & 人设生成 & 环境配置Agent注入仿真参数</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ t('home.step2Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ t('home.step2Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">03</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">开始模拟</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">双平台并行模拟 & 自动解析预测需求 & 动态更新时序记忆</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ t('home.step3Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ t('home.step3Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">04</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">报告生成</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">ReportAgent拥有丰富的工具集与模拟后环境进行深度交互</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ t('home.step4Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ t('home.step4Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               <div class="workflow-item">
                 <span class="step-num">05</span>
                 <div class="step-info">
-                  <div class="step-title">深度互动</div>
-                  <div class="step-desc">与模拟世界中的任意一位进行对话 & 与ReportAgent进行对话</div>
+                  <div class="step-title">{{ t('home.step5Title') }}</div>
+                  <div class="step-desc">{{ t('home.step5Desc') }}</div>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- 右栏：交互控制台 -->
+        <!-- Right Panel: Interactive Console -->
         <div class="right-panel">
           <div class="console-box">
-            <!-- 上传区域 -->
+            <!-- Upload Zone -->
             <div class="console-section">
               <div class="console-header">
-                <span class="console-label">01 / 现实种子</span>
-                <span class="console-meta">支持格式: PDF, MD, TXT</span>
+                <span class="console-label">{{ t('home.consoleSeed') }}</span>
+                <span class="console-meta">{{ t('home.consoleFormat') }}</span>
               </div>
-              
-              <div 
+
+              <div
                 class="upload-zone"
                 :class="{ 'drag-over': isDragOver, 'has-files': files.length > 0 }"
                 @dragover.prevent="handleDragOver"
@@ -145,13 +147,13 @@
                   style="display: none"
                   :disabled="loading"
                 />
-                
+
                 <div v-if="files.length === 0" class="upload-placeholder">
                   <div class="upload-icon">↑</div>
-                  <div class="upload-title">拖拽文件上传</div>
-                  <div class="upload-hint">或点击浏览文件系统</div>
+                  <div class="upload-title">{{ t('home.uploadTitle') }}</div>
+                  <div class="upload-hint">{{ t('home.uploadHint') }}</div>
                 </div>
-                
+
                 <div v-else class="file-list">
                   <div v-for="(file, index) in files" :key="index" class="file-item">
                     <span class="file-icon">📄</span>
@@ -162,37 +164,37 @@
               </div>
             </div>
 
-            <!-- 分割线 -->
+            <!-- Divider -->
             <div class="console-divider">
-              <span>输入参数</span>
+              <span>{{ t('home.inputParams') }}</span>
             </div>
 
-            <!-- 输入区域 -->
+            <!-- Input Area -->
             <div class="console-section">
               <div class="console-header">
-                <span class="console-label">>_ 02 / 模拟提示词</span>
+                <span class="console-label">{{ t('home.consolePrompt') }}</span>
               </div>
               <div class="input-wrapper">
                 <textarea
                   v-model="formData.simulationRequirement"
                   class="code-input"
-                  placeholder="// 用自然语言输入模拟或预测需求（例.武大若发布撤销肖某处分的公告，会引发什么舆情走向）"
+                  :placeholder="t('home.placeholder')"
                   rows="6"
                   :disabled="loading"
                 ></textarea>
-                <div class="model-badge">引擎: MiroFish-V1.0</div>
+                <div class="model-badge">{{ t('home.engineBadge') }}</div>
               </div>
             </div>
 
-            <!-- 启动按钮 -->
+            <!-- Launch Button -->
             <div class="console-section btn-section">
-              <button 
+              <button
                 class="start-engine-btn"
                 @click="startSimulation"
                 :disabled="!canSubmit || loading"
               >
-                <span v-if="!loading">启动引擎</span>
-                <span v-else>初始化中...</span>
+                <span v-if="!loading">{{ t('home.launchBtn') }}</span>
+                <span v-else>{{ t('home.launchingBtn') }}</span>
                 <span class="btn-arrow">→</span>
               </button>
             </div>
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@
         </div>
       </section>
 
-      <!-- 历史项目数据库 -->
+      <!-- History Database -->
       <HistoryDatabase />
     </div>
   </div>
@@ -210,44 +212,47 @@
 import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
 import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import HistoryDatabase from '../components/HistoryDatabase.vue'
+import { useLocale, setLocale } from '../store/locale'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const router = useRouter()
+const locale = useLocale()
+const t = useT()
+
+const toggleLang = () => setLocale(locale.value === 'en' ? 'zh' : 'en')
 
-// 表单数据
+// Form data
 const formData = ref({
   simulationRequirement: ''
 })
 
-// 文件列表
+// File list
 const files = ref([])
 
-// 状态
+// State
 const loading = ref(false)
 const error = ref('')
 const isDragOver = ref(false)
 
-// 文件输入引用
+// File input ref
 const fileInput = ref(null)
 
-// 计算属性:是否可以提交
+// Computed: can submit
 const canSubmit = computed(() => {
   return formData.value.simulationRequirement.trim() !== '' && files.value.length > 0
 })
 
-// 触发文件选择
 const triggerFileInput = () => {
   if (!loading.value) {
     fileInput.value?.click()
   }
 }
 
-// 处理文件选择
 const handleFileSelect = (event) => {
   const selectedFiles = Array.from(event.target.files)
   addFiles(selectedFiles)
 }
 
-// 处理拖拽相关
 const handleDragOver = (e) => {
   if (!loading.value) {
     isDragOver.value = true
@@ -261,12 +266,11 @@ const handleDragLeave = (e) => {
 const handleDrop = (e) => {
   isDragOver.value = false
   if (loading.value) return
-  
+
   const droppedFiles = Array.from(e.dataTransfer.files)
   addFiles(droppedFiles)
 }
 
-// 添加文件
 const addFiles = (newFiles) => {
   const validFiles = newFiles.filter(file => {
     const ext = file.name.split('.').pop().toLowerCase()
@@ -275,12 +279,10 @@ const addFiles = (newFiles) => {
   files.value.push(...validFiles)
 }
 
-// 移除文件
 const removeFile = (index) => {
   files.value.splice(index, 1)
 }
 
-// 滚动到底部
 const scrollToBottom = () => {
   window.scrollTo({
     top: document.body.scrollHeight,
@@ -288,15 +290,12 @@ const scrollToBottom = () => {
   })
 }
 
-// 开始模拟 - 立即跳转，API调用在Process页面进行
 const startSimulation = () => {
   if (!canSubmit.value || loading.value) return
-  
-  // 存储待上传的数据
+
   import('../store/pendingUpload.js').then(({ setPendingUpload }) => {
     setPendingUpload(files.value, formData.value.simulationRequirement)
-    
-    // 立即跳转到Process页面（使用特殊标识表示新建项目）
+
     router.push({
       name: 'Process',
       params: { projectId: 'new' }
@@ -306,7 +305,6 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
 </script>
 
 <style scoped>
-/* 全局变量与重置 */
 :root {
   --black: #000000;
   --white: #FFFFFF;
@@ -314,10 +312,6 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   --gray-light: #F5F5F5;
   --gray-text: #666666;
   --border: #E5E5E5;
-  /* 
-    使用 Space Grotesk 作为主要标题字体，JetBrains Mono 作为代码/标签字体
-    确保已在 index.html 引入这些 Google Fonts 
-  */
   --font-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;
   --font-sans: 'Space Grotesk', 'Noto Sans SC', system-ui, sans-serif;
   --font-cn: 'Noto Sans SC', system-ui, sans-serif;
@@ -330,7 +324,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   color: var(--black);
 }
 
-/* 顶部导航 */
+/* Navbar */
 .navbar {
   height: 60px;
   background: var(--black);
@@ -351,6 +345,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
 .nav-links {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
+  gap: 16px;
 }
 
 .github-link {
@@ -369,18 +364,36 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   opacity: 0.8;
 }
 
+.lang-toggle {
+  background: transparent;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
+  color: var(--white);
+  font-family: var(--font-mono);
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  padding: 4px 10px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  transition: all 0.2s;
+  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+}
+
+.lang-toggle:hover {
+  border-color: var(--white);
+  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
+}
+
 .arrow {
   font-family: sans-serif;
 }
 
-/* 主要内容区 */
+/* Main content */
 .main-content {
   max-width: 1400px;
   margin: 0 auto;
   padding: 60px 40px;
 }
 
-/* Hero 区域 */
+/* Hero section */
 .hero-section {
   display: flex;
   justify-content: space-between;
@@ -511,7 +524,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
 }
 
 .hero-logo {
-  max-width: 500px; /* 调整logo大小 */
+  max-width: 500px;
   width: 100%;
 }
 
@@ -533,7 +546,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   border-color: var(--orange);
 }
 
-/* Dashboard 双栏布局 */
+/* Dashboard dual-column */
 .dashboard-section {
   display: flex;
   gap: 60px;
@@ -548,7 +561,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   flex-direction: column;
 }
 
-/* 左侧面板 */
+/* Left panel */
 .left-panel {
   flex: 0.8;
 }
@@ -604,7 +617,7 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   color: #999;
 }
 
-/* 项目模拟步骤介绍 */
+/* Workflow steps */
 .steps-container {
   border: 1px solid var(--border);
   padding: 30px;
@@ -660,14 +673,14 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   color: var(--gray-text);
 }
 
-/* 右侧交互控制台 */
+/* Right console panel */
 .right-panel {
   flex: 1.2;
 }
 
 .console-box {
-  border: 1px solid #CCC; /* 外部实线 */
-  padding: 8px; /* 内边距形成双重边框感 */
+  border: 1px solid #CCC;
+  padding: 8px;
 }
 
 .console-section {
@@ -835,7 +848,6 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   overflow: hidden;
 }
 
-/* 可点击状态（非禁用） */
 .start-engine-btn:not(:disabled) {
   background: var(--black);
   border: 1px solid var(--black);
@@ -860,28 +872,27 @@ const startSimulation = () => {
   border: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
 }
 
-/* 引导动画：微妙的边框脉冲 */
 @keyframes pulse-border {
   0% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); }
   70% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
   100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
 }
 
-/* 响应式适配 */
+/* Responsive */
 @media (max-width: 1024px) {
   .dashboard-section {
     flex-direction: column;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-section {
     flex-direction: column;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-left {
     padding-right: 0;
     margin-bottom: 40px;
   }
-  
+
   .hero-logo {
     max-width: 200px;
     margin-bottom: 20px;
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue b/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
index b153590d7..4fb89ed8f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/InteractionView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ t('viewMode.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 5/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">深度互动</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ t('stepNames')[4] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
@@ -69,16 +69,18 @@ import Step5Interaction from '../components/Step5Interaction.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
 import { getReport } from '../api/report'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String
 })
 
-// Layout State - 默认切换到工作台视角
+// Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('workbench')
 
 // Data State
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue b/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
index 6ff299112..3c93066d9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/MainView.vue
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
       
       <div class="header-center">
         <div class="view-switcher">
-          <button 
-            v-for="mode in ['graph', 'split', 'workbench']" 
+          <button
+            v-for="mode in ['graph', 'split', 'workbench']"
             :key="mode"
             class="switch-btn"
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ t('viewMode.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -82,16 +82,18 @@ import Step1GraphBuild from '../components/Step1GraphBuild.vue'
 import Step2EnvSetup from '../components/Step2EnvSetup.vue'
 import { generateOntology, getProject, buildGraph, getTaskStatus, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getPendingUpload, clearPendingUpload } from '../store/pendingUpload'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 // Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('split') // graph | split | workbench
 
 // Step State
-const currentStep = ref(1) // 1: 图谱构建, 2: 环境搭建, 3: 开始模拟, 4: 报告生成, 5: 深度互动
-const stepNames = ['图谱构建', '环境搭建', '开始模拟', '报告生成', '深度互动']
+const currentStep = ref(1)
+const stepNames = computed(() => t.value('stepNames'))
 
 // Data State
 const currentProjectId = ref(route.params.projectId)
@@ -159,11 +161,10 @@ const toggleMaximize = (target) => {
 const handleNextStep = (params = {}) => {
   if (currentStep.value < 5) {
     currentStep.value++
-    addLog(`进入 Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
-    
-    // 如果是从 Step 2 进入 Step 3，记录模拟轮数配置
+    addLog(`Entering Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames.value[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
+
     if (currentStep.value === 3 && params.maxRounds) {
-      addLog(`自定义模拟轮数: ${params.maxRounds} 轮`)
+      addLog(`Custom simulation rounds: ${params.maxRounds}`)
     }
   }
 }
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ const handleNextStep = (params = {}) => {
 const handleGoBack = () => {
   if (currentStep.value > 1) {
     currentStep.value--
-    addLog(`返回 Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
+    addLog(`Back to Step ${currentStep.value}: ${stepNames.value[currentStep.value - 1]}`)
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/Process.vue b/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
index 2d2d3cc1a..b2b350a9e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/Process.vue
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
       <!-- 中间步骤指示器 -->
       <div class="nav-center">
         <div class="step-badge">STEP 01</div>
-        <div class="step-name">图谱构建</div>
+        <div class="step-name">{{ t('process.stepName') }}</div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="nav-status">
@@ -23,20 +23,20 @@
         <div class="panel-header">
           <div class="header-left">
             <span class="header-deco">◆</span>
-            <span class="header-title">实时知识图谱</span>
+            <span class="header-title">{{ t('process.graphTitle') }}</span>
           </div>
           <div class="header-right">
             <template v-if="graphData">
-              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.node_count || graphData.nodes?.length || 0 }} 节点</span>
+              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.node_count || graphData.nodes?.length || 0 }} {{ t('process.nodes') }}</span>
               <span class="stat-divider">|</span>
-              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.edge_count || graphData.edges?.length || 0 }} 关系</span>
+              <span class="stat-item">{{ graphData.edge_count || graphData.edges?.length || 0 }} {{ t('process.relations') }}</span>
               <span class="stat-divider">|</span>
             </template>
             <div class="action-buttons">
-                <button class="action-btn" @click="refreshGraph" :disabled="graphLoading" title="刷新图谱">
+                <button class="action-btn" @click="refreshGraph" :disabled="graphLoading" :title="t('process.refreshTitle')">
                   <span class="icon-refresh" :class="{ 'spinning': graphLoading }">↻</span>
                 </button>
-                <button class="action-btn" @click="toggleFullScreen" :title="isFullScreen ? '退出全屏' : '全屏显示'">
+                <button class="action-btn" @click="toggleFullScreen" :title="isFullScreen ? t('process.exitFullscreen') : t('process.enterFullscreen')">
                   <span class="icon-fullscreen">{{ isFullScreen ? '↙' : '↗' }}</span>
                 </button>
             </div>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
             <!-- 构建中提示 -->
             <div v-if="currentPhase === 1" class="graph-building-hint">
               <span class="building-dot"></span>
-              实时更新中...
+              {{ t('process.updating') }}
             </div>
             
             <!-- 节点/边详情面板 -->
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
             </div>
-            <p class="loading-text">图谱数据加载中...</p>
+            <p class="loading-text">{{ t('process.loadingGraph') }}</p>
           </div>
           
           <!-- 等待构建 -->
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@
                 <line x1="50" y1="72" x2="74" y2="66" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1"/>
               </svg>
             </div>
-            <p class="waiting-text">等待本体生成</p>
-            <p class="waiting-hint">生成完成后将自动开始构建图谱</p>
+            <p class="waiting-text">Waiting for ontology generation</p>
+            <p class="waiting-hint">Graph build will start automatically once generation completes</p>
           </div>
           
           <!-- 构建中但还没有数据 -->
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
               <div class="loading-ring"></div>
             </div>
-            <p class="waiting-text">图谱构建中</p>
-            <p class="waiting-hint">数据即将显示...</p>
+            <p class="waiting-text">Building Graph</p>
+            <p class="waiting-hint">Data will appear shortly...</p>
           </div>
           
           <!-- 错误状态 -->
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
       <div class="right-panel" :class="{ 'hidden': isFullScreen }">
         <div class="panel-header dark-header">
           <span class="header-icon">▣</span>
-          <span class="header-title">构建流程</span>
+          <span class="header-title">Build Workflow</span>
         </div>
 
         <div class="process-content">
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">01</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">本体生成</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ t('step1.ontologyTitle') }}</div>
                 <div class="phase-api">/api/graph/ontology/generate</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(0)">
@@ -244,15 +244,15 @@
             
             <div class="phase-detail">
               <div class="detail-section">
-                <div class="detail-label">接口说明</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">API Description</div>
                 <div class="detail-content">
-                  上传文档后，LLM分析文档内容，自动生成适合舆论模拟的本体结构（实体类型 + 关系类型）
+                  After uploading documents, LLM analyzes content and auto-generates an ontology structure (entity types + relation types) suitable for opinion simulation.
                 </div>
               </div>
               
               <!-- 本体生成进度 -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="ontologyProgress && currentPhase === 0">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成进度</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">Generation Progress</div>
                 <div class="ontology-progress">
                   <div class="progress-spinner"></div>
                   <span class="progress-text">{{ ontologyProgress.message }}</span>
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
               
               <!-- 已生成的本体信息 -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="projectData?.ontology">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成的实体类型 ({{ projectData.ontology.entity_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">Generated Entity Types ({{ projectData.ontology.entity_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
                 <div class="entity-tags">
                   <span 
                     v-for="entity in projectData.ontology.entity_types" 
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
               </div>
               
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="projectData?.ontology">
-                <div class="detail-label">生成的关系类型 ({{ projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">Generated Relation Types ({{ projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0 }})</div>
                 <div class="relation-list">
                   <div 
                     v-for="(rel, idx) in projectData.ontology.relation_types?.slice(0, 5) || []" 
@@ -288,14 +288,14 @@
                     <span class="rel-target">{{ rel.target_type }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div v-if="(projectData.ontology.relation_types?.length || 0) > 5" class="relation-more">
-                    +{{ projectData.ontology.relation_types.length - 5 }} 更多关系...
+                    +{{ projectData.ontology.relation_types.length - 5 }} more relations...
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
               
               <!-- 等待状态 -->
               <div class="detail-section waiting-state" v-if="!projectData?.ontology && currentPhase === 0 && !ontologyProgress">
-                <div class="waiting-hint">等待本体生成...</div>
+                <div class="waiting-hint">Waiting for ontology generation...</div>
               </div>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">02</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">图谱构建</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ t('step1.graphBuildTitle') }}</div>
                 <div class="phase-api">/api/graph/build</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(1)">
@@ -315,20 +315,20 @@
             
             <div class="phase-detail">
               <div class="detail-section">
-                <div class="detail-label">接口说明</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">API Description</div>
                 <div class="detail-content">
-                  基于生成的本体，将文档分块后调用 Zep API 构建知识图谱，提取实体和关系
+                  Based on the generated ontology, documents are chunked and fed to the Zep API to build a knowledge graph, extracting entities and relations.
                 </div>
               </div>
               
               <!-- 等待本体完成 -->
               <div class="detail-section waiting-state" v-if="currentPhase < 1">
-                <div class="waiting-hint">等待本体生成完成...</div>
+                <div class="waiting-hint">Waiting for ontology generation to complete...</div>
               </div>
               
               <!-- 构建进度 -->
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="buildProgress && currentPhase >= 1">
-                <div class="detail-label">构建进度</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">Build Progress</div>
                 <div class="progress-bar">
                   <div class="progress-fill" :style="{ width: buildProgress.progress + '%' }"></div>
                 </div>
@@ -339,19 +339,19 @@
               </div>
               
               <div class="detail-section" v-if="graphData">
-                <div class="detail-label">构建结果</div>
+                <div class="detail-label">Build Results</div>
                 <div class="build-result">
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ graphData.node_count }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">实体节点</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">{{ t('step1.entityNodes') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ graphData.edge_count }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">关系边</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">{{ t('step1.relationEdges') }}</span>
                   </div>
                   <div class="result-item">
                     <span class="result-value">{{ entityTypes.length }}</span>
-                    <span class="result-label">实体类型</span>
+                    <span class="result-label">Entity Types</span>
                   </div>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@
             <div class="phase-header">
               <span class="phase-num">03</span>
               <div class="phase-info">
-                <div class="phase-title">构建完成</div>
-                <div class="phase-api">准备进入下一步骤</div>
+                <div class="phase-title">{{ t('step1.buildCompleteTitle') }}</div>
+                <div class="phase-api">Ready for next step</div>
               </div>
               <span class="phase-status" :class="getPhaseStatusClass(2)">
                 {{ getPhaseStatusText(2) }}
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
           <!-- 下一步按钮 -->
           <div class="next-step-section" v-if="currentPhase >= 2">
             <button class="next-step-btn" @click="goToNextStep" :disabled="currentPhase < 2">
-              进入环境搭建
+              {{ t('step1.enterEnvSetup') }}
               <span class="btn-arrow">→</span>
             </button>
           </div>
@@ -385,23 +385,23 @@
         <div class="project-panel">
           <div class="project-header">
             <span class="project-icon">◇</span>
-            <span class="project-title">项目信息</span>
+            <span class="project-title">Project Info</span>
           </div>
           <div class="project-details" v-if="projectData">
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">项目名称</span>
+              <span class="item-label">Project Name</span>
               <span class="item-value">{{ projectData.name }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">项目ID</span>
+              <span class="item-label">Project ID</span>
               <span class="item-value code">{{ projectData.project_id }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item" v-if="projectData.graph_id">
-              <span class="item-label">图谱ID</span>
+              <span class="item-label">Graph ID</span>
               <span class="item-value code">{{ projectData.graph_id }}</span>
             </div>
             <div class="project-item">
-              <span class="item-label">模拟需求</span>
+              <span class="item-label">Simulation Requirement</span>
               <span class="item-value">{{ projectData.simulation_requirement || '-' }}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -416,12 +416,13 @@ import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, watch, nextTick } from 'vue'
 import { useRoute, useRouter } from 'vue-router'
 import { generateOntology, getProject, buildGraph, getTaskStatus, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getPendingUpload, clearPendingUpload } from '../store/pendingUpload'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 import * as d3 from 'd3'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
-// 当前项目ID（可能从'new'变为实际ID）
 const currentProjectId = ref(route.params.projectId)
 
 // 状态
@@ -540,14 +541,14 @@ const getPhaseStatusClass = (phase) => {
 }
 
 const getPhaseStatusText = (phase) => {
-  if (currentPhase.value > phase) return '已完成'
+  if (currentPhase.value > phase) return t.value('step1.completed')
   if (currentPhase.value === phase) {
     if (phase === 1 && buildProgress.value) {
       return `${buildProgress.value.progress}%`
     }
-    return '进行中'
+    return 'In Progress'
   }
-  return '等待中'
+  return 'Pending'
 }
 
 // 初始化 - 处理新建项目或加载已有项目
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue b/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
index 84a3e2a3f..1033ac134 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/ReportView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ t('viewMode.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 4/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">报告生成</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ t('stepNames')[3] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
@@ -69,16 +69,18 @@ import Step4Report from '../components/Step4Report.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation } from '../api/simulation'
 import { getReport } from '../api/report'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
   reportId: String
 })
 
-// Layout State - 默认切换到工作台视角
+// Layout State
 const viewMode = ref('workbench')
 
 // Data State
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue b/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
index 14ebc5f9d..5465f5431 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/SimulationRunView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ t('viewMode.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 3/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">开始模拟</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ t('stepNames')[2] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
@@ -73,9 +73,11 @@ import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step3Simulation from '../components/Step3Simulation.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation, getSimulationConfig, stopSimulation, closeSimulationEnv, getEnvStatus } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({
@@ -87,9 +89,8 @@ const viewMode = ref('split')
 
 // Data State
 const currentSimulationId = ref(route.params.simulationId)
-// 直接在初始化时从 query 参数获取 maxRounds，确保子组件能立即获取到值
 const maxRounds = ref(route.query.maxRounds ? parseInt(route.query.maxRounds) : null)
-const minutesPerRound = ref(30) // 默认每轮30分钟
+const minutesPerRound = ref(30)
 const projectData = ref(null)
 const graphData = ref(null)
 const graphLoading = ref(false)
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue b/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
index 4b44b3972..2a0cfa16f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/SimulationView.vue
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
             :class="{ active: viewMode === mode }"
             @click="viewMode = mode"
           >
-            {{ { graph: '图谱', split: '双栏', workbench: '工作台' }[mode] }}
+            {{ t('viewMode.' + mode) }}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
       <div class="header-right">
         <div class="workflow-step">
           <span class="step-num">Step 2/5</span>
-          <span class="step-name">环境搭建</span>
+          <span class="step-name">{{ t('stepNames')[1] }}</span>
         </div>
         <div class="step-divider"></div>
         <span class="status-indicator" :class="statusClass">
@@ -70,9 +70,11 @@ import GraphPanel from '../components/GraphPanel.vue'
 import Step2EnvSetup from '../components/Step2EnvSetup.vue'
 import { getProject, getGraphData } from '../api/graph'
 import { getSimulation, stopSimulation, getEnvStatus, closeSimulationEnv } from '../api/simulation'
+import { useT } from '../i18n/useT'
 
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
+const t = useT()
 
 // Props
 const props = defineProps({

From 596e79e9b2fc4267510b280f045240a9e687d3e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Rajeev R <rajeev@Rajeevs-MacBook-Pro.local>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 2026 07:30:19 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] feat(llm): add multi-provider LLM support (Anthropic,
 OpenAI, Ollama, Copilot)

Replaces the single-provider LLM client with a unified 5-provider client.
Adds thread-safety improvements to simulation_runner from upstream PR #389,
GitHub Copilot OAuth token support from upstream PR #383, and translates
all backend Python modules to English.

Providers supported: Anthropic (Claude), OpenAI, GitHub Copilot (OAuth),
Ollama (local), and the original MiniMax/GLM default.

Co-Authored-By: koyouko <koyouko@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .env.example                                  |  53 +-
 backend/app/__init__.py                       |  66 +-
 backend/app/api/__init__.py                   |   2 +-
 backend/app/config.py                         | 164 +++--
 .../app/services/oasis_profile_generator.py   |  19 +-
 .../services/simulation_config_generator.py   |  18 +-
 backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py     |  96 +--
 backend/app/utils/copilot_auth.py             | 191 ++++++
 backend/app/utils/llm_client.py               | 607 ++++++++++++++++--
 backend/pyproject.toml                        |   1 +
 backend/requirements.txt                      |   2 +
 11 files changed, 1007 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 backend/app/utils/copilot_auth.py

diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index 78a3b72c0..c2890f25e 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -1,16 +1,47 @@
-# LLM API配置（支持 OpenAI SDK 格式的任意 LLM API）
-# 推荐使用阿里百炼平台qwen-plus模型：https://bailian.console.aliyun.com/
-# 注意消耗较大，可先进行小于40轮的模拟尝试
+# ===== LLM Provider =====
+# Supported values: auto | openai | anthropic | github-copilot | ollama | claude
+# 'auto' detects the provider from the model name and available env vars.
+LLM_PROVIDER=auto
+
+# ===== Option 1: Anthropic Claude (recommended for quality) =====
+# Get your key at: https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys
+# LLM_API_KEY=sk-ant-api03-...
+# LLM_MODEL_NAME=claude-sonnet-4-20250514
+# Notes:
+#   - LLM_BASE_URL is not needed; the SDK uses the official endpoint automatically.
+#   - Model names starting with 'claude-' auto-select the anthropic provider.
+
+# ===== Option 2: Alibaba Bailian / Qwen (recommended for cost) =====
+# Get your key at: https://bailian.console.aliyun.com/
+# Note: high simulation rounds consume significant tokens — start with <40 rounds.
 LLM_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
 LLM_BASE_URL=https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1
 LLM_MODEL_NAME=qwen-plus
 
-# ===== ZEP记忆图谱配置 =====
-# 每月免费额度即可支撑简单使用：https://app.getzep.com/
-ZEP_API_KEY=your_zep_api_key_here
+# ===== Option 3: GitHub Copilot (no separate API key needed) =====
+# Uses your existing Copilot subscription. Rate limits are lower than direct APIs.
+# LLM_PROVIDER=github-copilot
+# GITHUB_TOKEN=ghp_your_github_pat_here   # or use GH_TOKEN / COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN
+# LLM_MODEL_NAME=gpt-4o
+
+# ===== Option 4: Ollama (fully local, no API key) =====
+# Requires Ollama running locally: https://ollama.ai
+# LLM_PROVIDER=ollama
+# LLM_BASE_URL=http://localhost:11434/v1
+# LLM_MODEL_NAME=llama3.2
 
-# ===== 加速 LLM 配置（可选）=====
-# 注意如果不使用加速配置，env文件中就不要出现下面的配置项
-LLM_BOOST_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
-LLM_BOOST_BASE_URL=your_base_url_here
-LLM_BOOST_MODEL_NAME=your_model_name_here
\ No newline at end of file
+# ===== Option 5: Claude CLI subprocess =====
+# Uses the `claude` CLI — no API key needed beyond your Claude account login.
+# LLM_PROVIDER=claude
+# CLAUDE_CLI_PATH=claude
+# LLM_MODEL_NAME=claude-sonnet-4-20250514
+
+# ===== Optional: Boost LLM (faster/cheaper secondary model) =====
+# If unset, the primary LLM is used for all calls.
+# LLM_BOOST_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
+# LLM_BOOST_BASE_URL=your_base_url_here
+# LLM_BOOST_MODEL_NAME=your_model_name_here
+
+# ===== Zep memory graph =====
+# Free tier is sufficient for basic use: https://app.getzep.com/
+ZEP_API_KEY=your_zep_api_key_here
diff --git a/backend/app/__init__.py b/backend/app/__init__.py
index aba624bba..4e891fee4 100644
--- a/backend/app/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/__init__.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """
-MiroFish Backend - Flask应用工厂
+MiroFish Backend — Flask application factory.
 """
 
 import os
 import warnings
 
-# 抑制 multiprocessing resource_tracker 的警告（来自第三方库如 transformers）
-# 需要在所有其他导入之前设置
+# Suppress multiprocessing resource_tracker warnings from third-party libs (e.g. transformers).
+# Must be set before all other imports.
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message=".*resource_tracker.*")
 
 from flask import Flask, request
@@ -17,64 +17,62 @@
 
 
 def create_app(config_class=Config):
-    """Flask应用工厂函数"""
+    """Create and configure the Flask application."""
     app = Flask(__name__)
     app.config.from_object(config_class)
-    
-    # 设置JSON编码：确保中文直接显示（而不是 \uXXXX 格式）
-    # Flask >= 2.3 使用 app.json.ensure_ascii，旧版本使用 JSON_AS_ASCII 配置
+
+    # Ensure non-ASCII characters (e.g. Chinese) render as-is in JSON responses
+    # Flask >= 2.3 uses app.json.ensure_ascii; older versions use JSON_AS_ASCII config key
     if hasattr(app, 'json') and hasattr(app.json, 'ensure_ascii'):
         app.json.ensure_ascii = False
-    
-    # 设置日志
+
     logger = setup_logger('mirofish')
-    
-    # 只在 reloader 子进程中打印启动信息（避免 debug 模式下打印两次）
+
+    # Only log startup info once — avoid duplicate output in debug/reloader mode
     is_reloader_process = os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') == 'true'
     debug_mode = app.config.get('DEBUG', False)
     should_log_startup = not debug_mode or is_reloader_process
-    
+
     if should_log_startup:
         logger.info("=" * 50)
-        logger.info("MiroFish Backend 启动中...")
+        logger.info("MiroFish Backend starting...")
         logger.info("=" * 50)
-    
-    # 启用CORS
+
+    # Enable CORS for all API routes
     CORS(app, resources={r"/api/*": {"origins": "*"}})
-    
-    # 注册模拟进程清理函数（确保服务器关闭时终止所有模拟进程）
+
+    # Register simulation process cleanup on server shutdown
     from .services.simulation_runner import SimulationRunner
     SimulationRunner.register_cleanup()
     if should_log_startup:
-        logger.info("已注册模拟进程清理函数")
-    
-    # 请求日志中间件
+        logger.info("Simulation process cleanup registered")
+
+    # Request/response logging middleware
     @app.before_request
     def log_request():
-        logger = get_logger('mirofish.request')
-        logger.debug(f"请求: {request.method} {request.path}")
+        req_logger = get_logger('mirofish.request')
+        req_logger.debug(f"Request: {request.method} {request.path}")
         if request.content_type and 'json' in request.content_type:
-            logger.debug(f"请求体: {request.get_json(silent=True)}")
-    
+            req_logger.debug(f"Body: {request.get_json(silent=True)}")
+
     @app.after_request
     def log_response(response):
-        logger = get_logger('mirofish.request')
-        logger.debug(f"响应: {response.status_code}")
+        req_logger = get_logger('mirofish.request')
+        req_logger.debug(f"Response: {response.status_code}")
         return response
-    
-    # 注册蓝图
+
+    # Register blueprints
     from .api import graph_bp, simulation_bp, report_bp
     app.register_blueprint(graph_bp, url_prefix='/api/graph')
     app.register_blueprint(simulation_bp, url_prefix='/api/simulation')
     app.register_blueprint(report_bp, url_prefix='/api/report')
-    
-    # 健康检查
+
+    # Health check
     @app.route('/health')
     def health():
         return {'status': 'ok', 'service': 'MiroFish Backend'}
-    
+
     if should_log_startup:
-        logger.info("MiroFish Backend 启动完成")
-    
-    return app
+        logger.info("MiroFish Backend ready")
 
+    return app
diff --git a/backend/app/api/__init__.py b/backend/app/api/__init__.py
index ffda743a3..7e8ba0265 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/__init__.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
-API路由模块
+API route modules.
 """
 
 from flask import Blueprint
diff --git a/backend/app/config.py b/backend/app/config.py
index 953dfa50a..c069d2aa8 100644
--- a/backend/app/config.py
+++ b/backend/app/config.py
@@ -1,75 +1,159 @@
 """
-配置管理
-统一从项目根目录的 .env 文件加载配置
+Configuration management.
+Loads settings from the .env file at the project root (MiroFish/.env).
 """
 
 import os
+import shutil
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 
-# 加载项目根目录的 .env 文件
-# 路径: MiroFish/.env (相对于 backend/app/config.py)
-project_root_env = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../../.env')
+# Load .env from project root — path relative to backend/app/config.py
+_project_root_env = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../../.env')
 
-if os.path.exists(project_root_env):
-    load_dotenv(project_root_env, override=True)
+if os.path.exists(_project_root_env):
+    load_dotenv(_project_root_env, override=True)
 else:
-    # 如果根目录没有 .env，尝试加载环境变量（用于生产环境）
+    # No .env at root — fall back to environment variables (production mode)
     load_dotenv(override=True)
 
 
 class Config:
-    """Flask配置类"""
-    
-    # Flask配置
+    """Flask configuration class."""
+
+    # ── Flask ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY', 'mirofish-secret-key')
     DEBUG = os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG', 'True').lower() == 'true'
-    
-    # JSON配置 - 禁用ASCII转义，让中文直接显示（而不是 \uXXXX 格式）
+
+    # Disable ASCII escaping so non-ASCII characters display correctly in JSON
     JSON_AS_ASCII = False
-    
-    # LLM配置（统一使用OpenAI格式）
+
+    # ── LLM provider selection ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Supported values:
+    #   auto (default) — infer from LLM_MODEL_NAME and available env vars
+    #   openai         — OpenAI SDK (works with any OpenAI-compatible API)
+    #   anthropic      — Anthropic Claude SDK (direct API, requires LLM_API_KEY)
+    #   github-copilot — GitHub Copilot via token exchange (requires GITHUB_TOKEN)
+    #   ollama         — Local Ollama via OpenAI-compatible endpoint
+    #   claude         — Claude CLI subprocess (requires `claude` CLI installed)
+    LLM_PROVIDER = os.environ.get('LLM_PROVIDER', 'auto')
+
+    # ── LLM credentials & model ──────────────────────────────────────────────
     LLM_API_KEY = os.environ.get('LLM_API_KEY')
     LLM_BASE_URL = os.environ.get('LLM_BASE_URL', 'https://api.openai.com/v1')
     LLM_MODEL_NAME = os.environ.get('LLM_MODEL_NAME', 'gpt-4o-mini')
-    
-    # Zep配置
+
+    # Optional: faster/cheaper secondary LLM for non-critical calls
+    LLM_BOOST_API_KEY = os.environ.get('LLM_BOOST_API_KEY')
+    LLM_BOOST_BASE_URL = os.environ.get('LLM_BOOST_BASE_URL')
+    LLM_BOOST_MODEL_NAME = os.environ.get('LLM_BOOST_MODEL_NAME')
+
+    # ── Provider-specific settings ───────────────────────────────────────────
+    # Claude CLI: path to the `claude` executable (used when LLM_PROVIDER=claude)
+    CLAUDE_CLI_PATH = os.environ.get('CLAUDE_CLI_PATH', 'claude')
+
+    # GitHub Copilot: token env vars (checked in priority order)
+    # COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN > GH_TOKEN > GITHUB_TOKEN
+    GITHUB_TOKEN = (
+        os.environ.get('COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN')
+        or os.environ.get('GH_TOKEN')
+        or os.environ.get('GITHUB_TOKEN')
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_resolved_provider(cls) -> str:
+        """
+        Resolve the effective LLM provider.
+
+        In 'auto' mode the provider is inferred:
+          1. Model name starts with 'claude-'  → anthropic
+          2. GitHub token present, no API key  → github-copilot
+          3. Otherwise                         → openai
+        """
+        provider = (cls.LLM_PROVIDER or 'auto').lower()
+        if provider != 'auto':
+            return provider
+
+        model = (cls.LLM_MODEL_NAME or '').lower()
+        if model.startswith('claude-'):
+            return 'anthropic'
+        if cls.GITHUB_TOKEN and not cls.LLM_API_KEY:
+            return 'github-copilot'
+        return 'openai'
+
+    # ── Zep memory graph ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     ZEP_API_KEY = os.environ.get('ZEP_API_KEY')
-    
-    # 文件上传配置
-    MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 50 * 1024 * 1024  # 50MB
+
+    # ── File uploads ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 50 * 1024 * 1024  # 50 MB
     UPLOAD_FOLDER = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../uploads')
     ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = {'pdf', 'md', 'txt', 'markdown'}
-    
-    # 文本处理配置
-    DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 500  # 默认切块大小
-    DEFAULT_CHUNK_OVERLAP = 50  # 默认重叠大小
-    
-    # OASIS模拟配置
+
+    # ── Text chunking ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 500
+    DEFAULT_CHUNK_OVERLAP = 50
+
+    # ── OASIS simulation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     OASIS_DEFAULT_MAX_ROUNDS = int(os.environ.get('OASIS_DEFAULT_MAX_ROUNDS', '10'))
-    OASIS_SIMULATION_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../uploads/simulations')
-    
-    # OASIS平台可用动作配置
+    OASIS_SIMULATION_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(__file__), '../uploads/simulations'
+    )
+
     OASIS_TWITTER_ACTIONS = [
-        'CREATE_POST', 'LIKE_POST', 'REPOST', 'FOLLOW', 'DO_NOTHING', 'QUOTE_POST'
+        'CREATE_POST', 'LIKE_POST', 'REPOST', 'FOLLOW', 'DO_NOTHING', 'QUOTE_POST',
     ]
     OASIS_REDDIT_ACTIONS = [
         'LIKE_POST', 'DISLIKE_POST', 'CREATE_POST', 'CREATE_COMMENT',
         'LIKE_COMMENT', 'DISLIKE_COMMENT', 'SEARCH_POSTS', 'SEARCH_USER',
-        'TREND', 'REFRESH', 'DO_NOTHING', 'FOLLOW', 'MUTE'
+        'TREND', 'REFRESH', 'DO_NOTHING', 'FOLLOW', 'MUTE',
     ]
-    
-    # Report Agent配置
+
+    # ── Report Agent ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     REPORT_AGENT_MAX_TOOL_CALLS = int(os.environ.get('REPORT_AGENT_MAX_TOOL_CALLS', '5'))
-    REPORT_AGENT_MAX_REFLECTION_ROUNDS = int(os.environ.get('REPORT_AGENT_MAX_REFLECTION_ROUNDS', '2'))
+    REPORT_AGENT_MAX_REFLECTION_ROUNDS = int(
+        os.environ.get('REPORT_AGENT_MAX_REFLECTION_ROUNDS', '2')
+    )
     REPORT_AGENT_TEMPERATURE = float(os.environ.get('REPORT_AGENT_TEMPERATURE', '0.5'))
-    
+
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls):
-        """验证必要配置"""
+        """Validate required configuration and return a list of error strings."""
+        import logging
+        log = logging.getLogger('mirofish.config')
         errors = []
-        if not cls.LLM_API_KEY:
-            errors.append("LLM_API_KEY 未配置")
+        provider = cls.get_resolved_provider()
+
+        if provider == 'anthropic':
+            if not cls.LLM_API_KEY:
+                errors.append(
+                    "LLM_API_KEY is required for the anthropic provider. "
+                    "Get a key at https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys"
+                )
+        elif provider == 'openai':
+            if not cls.LLM_API_KEY:
+                errors.append("LLM_API_KEY is not configured (required for openai provider)")
+        elif provider == 'github-copilot':
+            if not cls.GITHUB_TOKEN:
+                errors.append(
+                    "github-copilot provider requires a GitHub token. "
+                    "Set COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN, GH_TOKEN, or GITHUB_TOKEN in .env."
+                )
+        elif provider == 'ollama':
+            if cls.LLM_BASE_URL and '11434' not in cls.LLM_BASE_URL:
+                log.warning(
+                    "LLM_BASE_URL (%s) doesn't include port 11434; "
+                    "make sure Ollama is reachable at that address.",
+                    cls.LLM_BASE_URL,
+                )
+        elif provider == 'claude':
+            if shutil.which(cls.CLAUDE_CLI_PATH) is None:
+                errors.append(
+                    f"Claude CLI not found at '{cls.CLAUDE_CLI_PATH}'. "
+                    "Install it (https://claude.ai/download) or set CLAUDE_CLI_PATH in .env."
+                )
+
         if not cls.ZEP_API_KEY:
-            errors.append("ZEP_API_KEY 未配置")
+            errors.append(
+                "ZEP_API_KEY is not configured. "
+                "Get a free key at https://app.getzep.com/"
+            )
         return errors
-
diff --git a/backend/app/services/oasis_profile_generator.py b/backend/app/services/oasis_profile_generator.py
index 57836c539..f4e24d978 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/oasis_profile_generator.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/oasis_profile_generator.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from openai import OpenAI
 from zep_cloud.client import Zep
 
 from ..config import Config
+from ..utils.llm_client import LLMClient
 from ..utils.logger import get_logger
 from .zep_entity_reader import EntityNode, ZepEntityReader
 
@@ -188,13 +188,14 @@ def __init__(
         self.api_key = api_key or Config.LLM_API_KEY
         self.base_url = base_url or Config.LLM_BASE_URL
         self.model_name = model_name or Config.LLM_MODEL_NAME
-        
+
         if not self.api_key:
             raise ValueError("LLM_API_KEY 未配置")
-        
-        self.client = OpenAI(
+
+        self.client = LLMClient(
             api_key=self.api_key,
-            base_url=self.base_url
+            base_url=self.base_url,
+            model=self.model_name
         )
         
         # Zep客户端用于检索丰富上下文
@@ -526,8 +527,7 @@ def _generate_profile_with_llm(
         
         for attempt in range(max_attempts):
             try:
-                response = self.client.chat.completions.create(
-                    model=self.model_name,
+                content, finish_reason = self.client.chat_with_finish_reason(
                     messages=[
                         {"role": "system", "content": self._get_system_prompt(is_individual)},
                         {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
@@ -536,11 +536,8 @@ def _generate_profile_with_llm(
                     temperature=0.7 - (attempt * 0.1)  # 每次重试降低温度
                     # 不设置max_tokens，让LLM自由发挥
                 )
-                
-                content = response.choices[0].message.content
-                
+
                 # 检查是否被截断（finish_reason不是'stop'）
-                finish_reason = response.choices[0].finish_reason
                 if finish_reason == 'length':
                     logger.warning(f"LLM输出被截断 (attempt {attempt+1}), 尝试修复...")
                     content = self._fix_truncated_json(content)
diff --git a/backend/app/services/simulation_config_generator.py b/backend/app/services/simulation_config_generator.py
index cc362508b..be8b0bcab 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/simulation_config_generator.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/simulation_config_generator.py
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, asdict
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from openai import OpenAI
-
 from ..config import Config
+from ..utils.llm_client import LLMClient
 from ..utils.logger import get_logger
 from .zep_entity_reader import EntityNode, ZepEntityReader
 
@@ -230,13 +229,14 @@ def __init__(
         self.api_key = api_key or Config.LLM_API_KEY
         self.base_url = base_url or Config.LLM_BASE_URL
         self.model_name = model_name or Config.LLM_MODEL_NAME
-        
+
         if not self.api_key:
             raise ValueError("LLM_API_KEY 未配置")
-        
-        self.client = OpenAI(
+
+        self.client = LLMClient(
             api_key=self.api_key,
-            base_url=self.base_url
+            base_url=self.base_url,
+            model=self.model_name
         )
     
     def generate_config(
@@ -439,8 +439,7 @@ def _call_llm_with_retry(self, prompt: str, system_prompt: str) -> Dict[str, Any
         
         for attempt in range(max_attempts):
             try:
-                response = self.client.chat.completions.create(
-                    model=self.model_name,
+                content, finish_reason = self.client.chat_with_finish_reason(
                     messages=[
                         {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
                         {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
@@ -450,9 +449,6 @@ def _call_llm_with_retry(self, prompt: str, system_prompt: str) -> Dict[str, Any
                     # 不设置max_tokens，让LLM自由发挥
                 )
                 
-                content = response.choices[0].message.content
-                finish_reason = response.choices[0].finish_reason
-                
                 # 检查是否被截断
                 if finish_reason == 'length':
                     logger.warning(f"LLM输出被截断 (attempt {attempt+1})")
diff --git a/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py b/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
index 8c35380d1..929087945 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/simulation_runner.py
@@ -215,27 +215,30 @@ class SimulationRunner:
         '../../scripts'
     )
     
-    # 内存中的运行状态
+    # In-memory run state — all shared dicts protected by _state_lock
+    _state_lock: threading.RLock = threading.RLock()
     _run_states: Dict[str, SimulationRunState] = {}
     _processes: Dict[str, subprocess.Popen] = {}
     _action_queues: Dict[str, Queue] = {}
     _monitor_threads: Dict[str, threading.Thread] = {}
-    _stdout_files: Dict[str, Any] = {}  # 存储 stdout 文件句柄
-    _stderr_files: Dict[str, Any] = {}  # 存储 stderr 文件句柄
-    
-    # 图谱记忆更新配置
+    _stdout_files: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+    _stderr_files: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    # Graph memory update config
     _graph_memory_enabled: Dict[str, bool] = {}  # simulation_id -> enabled
     
     @classmethod
     def get_run_state(cls, simulation_id: str) -> Optional[SimulationRunState]:
-        """获取运行状态"""
-        if simulation_id in cls._run_states:
-            return cls._run_states[simulation_id]
-        
-        # 尝试从文件加载
+        """Get run state for a simulation, loading from disk if not in memory."""
+        with cls._state_lock:
+            if simulation_id in cls._run_states:
+                return cls._run_states[simulation_id]
+
+        # File I/O done outside the lock
         state = cls._load_run_state(simulation_id)
         if state:
-            cls._run_states[simulation_id] = state
+            with cls._state_lock:
+                cls._run_states[simulation_id] = state
         return state
     
     @classmethod
@@ -305,8 +308,10 @@ def _save_run_state(cls, state: SimulationRunState):
         
         with open(state_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
             json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
-        
-        cls._run_states[state.simulation_id] = state
+
+        # Update in-memory cache after file write
+        with cls._state_lock:
+            cls._run_states[state.simulation_id] = state
     
     @classmethod
     def start_simulation(
@@ -446,23 +451,23 @@ def start_simulation(
                 start_new_session=True,  # 创建新进程组，确保服务器关闭时能终止所有相关进程
             )
             
-            # 保存文件句柄以便后续关闭
-            cls._stdout_files[simulation_id] = main_log_file
-            cls._stderr_files[simulation_id] = None  # 不再需要单独的 stderr
-            
             state.process_pid = process.pid
             state.runner_status = RunnerStatus.RUNNING
-            cls._processes[simulation_id] = process
+            with cls._state_lock:
+                cls._stdout_files[simulation_id] = main_log_file
+                cls._stderr_files[simulation_id] = None
+                cls._processes[simulation_id] = process
             cls._save_run_state(state)
-            
-            # 启动监控线程
+
+            # Start monitor thread
             monitor_thread = threading.Thread(
                 target=cls._monitor_simulation,
                 args=(simulation_id,),
                 daemon=True
             )
             monitor_thread.start()
-            cls._monitor_threads[simulation_id] = monitor_thread
+            with cls._state_lock:
+                cls._monitor_threads[simulation_id] = monitor_thread
             
             logger.info(f"模拟启动成功: {simulation_id}, pid={process.pid}, platform={platform}")
             
@@ -483,9 +488,10 @@ def _monitor_simulation(cls, simulation_id: str):
         twitter_actions_log = os.path.join(sim_dir, "twitter", "actions.jsonl")
         reddit_actions_log = os.path.join(sim_dir, "reddit", "actions.jsonl")
         
-        process = cls._processes.get(simulation_id)
+        with cls._state_lock:
+            process = cls._processes.get(simulation_id)
         state = cls.get_run_state(simulation_id)
-        
+
         if not process or not state:
             return
         
@@ -548,32 +554,30 @@ def _monitor_simulation(cls, simulation_id: str):
             cls._save_run_state(state)
         
         finally:
-            # 停止图谱记忆更新器
-            if cls._graph_memory_enabled.get(simulation_id, False):
+            # Stop graph memory updater (outside lock — may do I/O)
+            with cls._state_lock:
+                graph_mem_on = cls._graph_memory_enabled.pop(simulation_id, False)
+            if graph_mem_on:
                 try:
                     ZepGraphMemoryManager.stop_updater(simulation_id)
-                    logger.info(f"已停止图谱记忆更新: simulation_id={simulation_id}")
+                    logger.info(f"Graph memory updater stopped: simulation_id={simulation_id}")
                 except Exception as e:
-                    logger.error(f"停止图谱记忆更新器失败: {e}")
-                cls._graph_memory_enabled.pop(simulation_id, None)
-            
-            # 清理进程资源
-            cls._processes.pop(simulation_id, None)
-            cls._action_queues.pop(simulation_id, None)
-            
-            # 关闭日志文件句柄
-            if simulation_id in cls._stdout_files:
-                try:
-                    cls._stdout_files[simulation_id].close()
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
-                cls._stdout_files.pop(simulation_id, None)
-            if simulation_id in cls._stderr_files and cls._stderr_files[simulation_id]:
-                try:
-                    cls._stderr_files[simulation_id].close()
-                except Exception:
-                    pass
-                cls._stderr_files.pop(simulation_id, None)
+                    logger.error(f"Failed to stop graph memory updater: {e}")
+
+            # Release process/queue refs and grab file handles — all under lock
+            with cls._state_lock:
+                cls._processes.pop(simulation_id, None)
+                cls._action_queues.pop(simulation_id, None)
+                stdout_fh = cls._stdout_files.pop(simulation_id, None)
+                stderr_fh = cls._stderr_files.pop(simulation_id, None)
+
+            # Close file handles outside the lock
+            for fh in (stdout_fh, stderr_fh):
+                if fh:
+                    try:
+                        fh.close()
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
     
     @classmethod
     def _read_action_log(
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/copilot_auth.py b/backend/app/utils/copilot_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eaaf22493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/utils/copilot_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+"""
+GitHub Copilot token exchange.
+
+Auth flow:
+  1. Take a GitHub PAT (from COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN / GH_TOKEN / GITHUB_TOKEN)
+  2. POST to api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token → short-lived Copilot token
+  3. Derive the OpenAI-compatible base URL from the token's proxy-ep field
+  4. Cache the token in memory and on disk; auto-refresh before expiry
+
+Note: Uses the same undocumented endpoint as VS Code Copilot. Tokens expire in ~30 min.
+"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Optional
+
+from .logger import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger('mirofish.copilot_auth')
+
+COPILOT_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token"
+DEFAULT_COPILOT_BASE_URL = "https://api.individual.githubcopilot.com"
+TOKEN_REFRESH_MARGIN = 5 * 60  # refresh 5 min before expiry
+
+# Headers required to pass GitHub's Copilot client check
+COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
+    "Accept": "application/json",
+    "Editor-Version": "vscode/1.96.2",
+    "User-Agent": "GitHubCopilotChat/0.26.7",
+    "X-Github-Api-Version": "2025-04-01",
+}
+
+
+class CopilotTokenManager:
+    """
+    Manages GitHub Copilot API token lifecycle.
+    Thread-safe; caches token in memory and optionally on disk.
+
+    Usage:
+        mgr = CopilotTokenManager(github_token="ghp_xxx")
+        api_key  = mgr.get_api_key()
+        base_url = mgr.get_base_url()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, github_token: str, cache_dir: Optional[str] = None):
+        self._github_token = github_token
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._cached_token: Optional[str] = None
+        self._cached_base_url: str = DEFAULT_COPILOT_BASE_URL
+        self._expires_at: float = 0
+
+        if cache_dir:
+            os.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            self._cache_path = os.path.join(cache_dir, "copilot-token.json")
+        else:
+            self._cache_path = None
+
+        self._load_disk_cache()
+
+    def get_api_key(self) -> str:
+        """Return a valid Copilot API token, refreshing if necessary. Thread-safe."""
+        with self._lock:
+            if self._is_valid():
+                return self._cached_token
+        return self._refresh()
+
+    def get_base_url(self) -> str:
+        """Return the Copilot API base URL. Ensures a valid token exists first."""
+        self.get_api_key()
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._cached_base_url
+
+    def _is_valid(self) -> bool:
+        return bool(self._cached_token) and time.time() < (self._expires_at - TOKEN_REFRESH_MARGIN)
+
+    def _refresh(self) -> str:
+        import urllib.request
+        import urllib.error
+
+        logger.info("Exchanging GitHub token for Copilot API token...")
+        headers = {**COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS, "Authorization": f"Bearer {self._github_token}"}
+        req = urllib.request.Request(COPILOT_TOKEN_URL, method="GET", headers=headers)
+
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as resp:
+                data = json.loads(resp.read().decode())
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+            body = (e.read() or b"").decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Copilot token exchange failed (HTTP {e.code}): {body}. "
+                "Check your GitHub token and Copilot subscription."
+            ) from e
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Copilot token exchange error: {e}") from e
+
+        token = data.get("token", "")
+        if not token:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Copilot token exchange returned empty token. "
+                "Check your GitHub Copilot subscription status."
+            )
+
+        expires_at = float(data.get("expires_at", time.time() + 1800))
+        base_url = self._derive_base_url(token)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            self._cached_token = token
+            self._expires_at = expires_at
+            self._cached_base_url = base_url
+
+        self._save_disk_cache(token, expires_at)
+        logger.info(
+            "Copilot token acquired (expires in %d min), base_url=%s",
+            int((expires_at - time.time()) / 60),
+            base_url,
+        )
+        return token
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _derive_base_url(token: str) -> str:
+        """Derive API base URL from the proxy-ep field embedded in the token."""
+        match = re.search(r"(?:^|;)\s*proxy-ep=([^;\s]+)", token, re.IGNORECASE)
+        if not match:
+            return DEFAULT_COPILOT_BASE_URL
+        host = re.sub(r"^https?://", "", match.group(1).strip())
+        host = re.sub(r"^proxy\.", "api.", host, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+        return f"https://{host}" if host else DEFAULT_COPILOT_BASE_URL
+
+    def _load_disk_cache(self):
+        if not self._cache_path or not os.path.exists(self._cache_path):
+            return
+        try:
+            with open(self._cache_path) as f:
+                data = json.load(f)
+            token = data.get("token", "")
+            expires_at = data.get("expires_at", 0)
+            if token and time.time() < (expires_at - TOKEN_REFRESH_MARGIN):
+                self._cached_token = token
+                self._expires_at = expires_at
+                self._cached_base_url = self._derive_base_url(token)
+                logger.debug("Loaded Copilot token from disk cache")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug("Could not load Copilot token cache: %s", e)
+
+    def _save_disk_cache(self, token: str, expires_at: float):
+        if not self._cache_path:
+            return
+        try:
+            with open(self._cache_path, "w") as f:
+                json.dump({"token": token, "expires_at": expires_at, "updated_at": time.time()}, f)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug("Could not save Copilot token cache: %s", e)
+
+
+def resolve_github_token() -> Optional[str]:
+    """Check COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN, GH_TOKEN, GITHUB_TOKEN in priority order."""
+    for var in ("COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN", "GH_TOKEN", "GITHUB_TOKEN"):
+        token = os.environ.get(var, "").strip()
+        if token:
+            logger.debug("GitHub token resolved from %s", var)
+            return token
+    return None
+
+
+# Module-level singleton
+_manager: Optional[CopilotTokenManager] = None
+_manager_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+def get_copilot_token_manager() -> CopilotTokenManager:
+    """Return the singleton CopilotTokenManager, creating it on first call."""
+    global _manager
+    if _manager is not None:
+        return _manager
+    with _manager_lock:
+        if _manager is not None:
+            return _manager
+        github_token = resolve_github_token()
+        if not github_token:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "github-copilot provider requires a GitHub token. "
+                "Set COPILOT_GITHUB_TOKEN, GH_TOKEN, or GITHUB_TOKEN in .env."
+            )
+        cache_dir = os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), "uploads", ".copilot-cache"
+        )
+        _manager = CopilotTokenManager(github_token=github_token, cache_dir=cache_dir)
+    return _manager
diff --git a/backend/app/utils/llm_client.py b/backend/app/utils/llm_client.py
index 6c1a81f49..9acbf76e7 100644
--- a/backend/app/utils/llm_client.py
+++ b/backend/app/utils/llm_client.py
@@ -1,103 +1,594 @@
 """
-LLM客户端封装
-统一使用OpenAI格式调用
+LLM client wrapper.
+Supports five providers: openai, anthropic, github-copilot, ollama, claude (CLI).
 """
 
 import json
 import re
-from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, List
-from openai import OpenAI
+import subprocess
+from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, List, Tuple
 
 from ..config import Config
+from .logger import get_logger
 
+logger = get_logger('mirofish.llm_client')
+
+
+# ── Token estimation (no tiktoken dependency) ────────────────────────────────
+
+def estimate_tokens(text: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Estimate token count without tiktoken.
+
+    Rules:
+    - CJK characters: ~1.5 tokens each (UTF-8 Han chars are typically 1-2 tokens)
+    - ASCII words: ~1.3 tokens each
+    - +10% safety buffer
+    """
+    if not text:
+        return 0
+    cjk_chars = sum(1 for c in text if '\u4e00' <= c <= '\u9fff')
+    rest = ''.join(c if c < '\u4e00' or c > '\u9fff' else ' ' for c in text)
+    ascii_words = len(rest.split())
+    return int((cjk_chars * 1.5 + ascii_words * 1.3) * 1.1)
+
+
+def estimate_messages_tokens(messages: List[Dict]) -> int:
+    """Estimate total token count for a message list."""
+    total = 0
+    for msg in messages:
+        content = msg.get("content") or ""
+        if isinstance(content, list):
+            content = " ".join(
+                c.get("text", "") for c in content if isinstance(c, dict)
+            )
+        total += estimate_tokens(content) + 4  # role + per-message overhead
+    return total + 2  # conversation overhead
+
+
+# ── Exceptions ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class LLMError(ValueError):
+    """LLM call error. Extends ValueError for backward compatibility."""
+    pass
+
+
+# ── Main client ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 class LLMClient:
-    """LLM客户端"""
-    
+    """
+    Unified LLM client. Provider is resolved at construction time.
+
+    Supported providers (set LLM_PROVIDER in .env):
+      openai        — Any OpenAI-compatible API (OpenAI, Qwen, DeepSeek, etc.)
+      anthropic     — Anthropic Claude SDK (direct API)
+      github-copilot — GitHub Copilot subscription via token exchange
+      ollama        — Local Ollama via OpenAI-compatible endpoint
+      claude        — Claude CLI subprocess (claude -p)
+      auto (default)— Auto-detect from model name and environment
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         api_key: Optional[str] = None,
         base_url: Optional[str] = None,
-        model: Optional[str] = None
+        model: Optional[str] = None,
+        provider: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
+        self.model = model or Config.LLM_MODEL_NAME
+        self.provider = (provider or Config.get_resolved_provider()).lower()
+
+        if self.provider == 'github-copilot':
+            self._init_copilot(base_url)
+        elif self.provider == 'anthropic':
+            self._init_anthropic(api_key)
+        elif self.provider == 'ollama':
+            self._init_ollama(base_url)
+        elif self.provider == 'claude':
+            self._init_claude_cli()
+        else:
+            self._init_openai(api_key, base_url)
+
+    # ── Initializers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    def _init_openai(self, api_key: Optional[str], base_url: Optional[str]):
+        from openai import OpenAI
         self.api_key = api_key or Config.LLM_API_KEY
         self.base_url = base_url or Config.LLM_BASE_URL
-        self.model = model or Config.LLM_MODEL_NAME
-        
         if not self.api_key:
-            raise ValueError("LLM_API_KEY 未配置")
-        
-        self.client = OpenAI(
+            raise LLMError(
+                "LLM_API_KEY is not configured. "
+                "Set it in .env or choose a different LLM_PROVIDER."
+            )
+        self._client = OpenAI(api_key=self.api_key, base_url=self.base_url)
+
+    def _init_anthropic(self, api_key: Optional[str]):
+        from anthropic import Anthropic
+        self.api_key = api_key or Config.LLM_API_KEY
+        if not self.api_key:
+            raise LLMError(
+                "LLM_API_KEY is not configured for Anthropic provider. "
+                "Get a key at https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys"
+            )
+        self._client = Anthropic(api_key=self.api_key)
+
+    def _init_copilot(self, base_url: Optional[str]):
+        from openai import OpenAI
+        from .copilot_auth import (
+            get_copilot_token_manager,
+            COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS,
+        )
+        self._copilot_mgr = get_copilot_token_manager()
+        self.api_key = self._copilot_mgr.get_api_key()
+        self.base_url = base_url or self._copilot_mgr.get_base_url()
+        self._copilot_headers = {
+            "Editor-Version": COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS["Editor-Version"],
+            "User-Agent": COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS["User-Agent"],
+            "X-Github-Api-Version": COPILOT_REQUEST_HEADERS["X-Github-Api-Version"],
+        }
+        self._client = OpenAI(
             api_key=self.api_key,
-            base_url=self.base_url
+            base_url=self.base_url,
+            default_headers=self._copilot_headers,
         )
-    
+
+    def _init_ollama(self, base_url: Optional[str]):
+        from openai import OpenAI
+        self.api_key = "ollama"  # Ollama doesn't require auth
+        self.base_url = base_url or Config.LLM_BASE_URL or "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+        self._client = OpenAI(api_key=self.api_key, base_url=self.base_url)
+
+    def _init_claude_cli(self):
+        self.api_key = None
+        self.base_url = None
+        self._client = None  # no SDK client needed
+
+    # ── Internal helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _clean(content: str) -> str:
+        """Remove <think> tags and strip whitespace."""
+        return re.sub(r'<think>[\s\S]*?</think>', '', content).strip()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _clean_json(content: str) -> str:
+        """Strip markdown code fences from a JSON response."""
+        s = content.strip()
+        s = re.sub(r'^```(?:json)?\s*\n?', '', s, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+        s = re.sub(r'\n?```\s*$', '', s)
+        return s.strip()
+
+    def _extract_system(
+        self, messages: List[Dict[str, str]]
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], List[Dict[str, str]]]:
+        """Split system messages from the rest (needed for Anthropic API)."""
+        system_parts, rest = [], []
+        for m in messages:
+            if m.get("role") == "system":
+                system_parts.append(m["content"])
+            else:
+                rest.append(m)
+        return ("\n\n".join(system_parts) if system_parts else None), rest
+
+    def _flatten_messages(
+        self, messages: List[Dict[str, str]]
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """Flatten multi-turn messages into (system_prompt, user_prompt) strings for Claude CLI."""
+        system_parts, convo_parts = [], []
+        for m in messages:
+            role = m.get("role", "user")
+            content = m.get("content", "")
+            if role == "system":
+                system_parts.append(content)
+            elif role == "assistant":
+                convo_parts.append(f"[Assistant]\n{content}")
+            else:
+                convo_parts.append(f"[User]\n{content}")
+        return "\n\n".join(system_parts), "\n\n".join(convo_parts)
+
+    def _refresh_copilot_client(self):
+        """Refresh the Copilot token if expired and rebuild the OpenAI client."""
+        from openai import OpenAI
+        new_key = self._copilot_mgr.get_api_key()
+        if new_key != self.api_key:
+            self.api_key = new_key
+            self.base_url = self._copilot_mgr.get_base_url()
+            self._client = OpenAI(
+                api_key=self.api_key,
+                base_url=self.base_url,
+                default_headers=self._copilot_headers,
+            )
+
+    # ── Provider-specific call implementations ───────────────────────────────
+
+    def _call_openai_sdk(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: Optional[int],
+        response_format: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Shared call path for openai / ollama / github-copilot."""
+        if self.provider == 'github-copilot':
+            self._refresh_copilot_client()
+
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "model": self.model,
+            "messages": messages,
+            "temperature": temperature,
+        }
+        if max_tokens is not None:
+            kwargs["max_tokens"] = max_tokens
+        if response_format:
+            kwargs["response_format"] = response_format
+
+        response = self._client.chat.completions.create(**kwargs)
+        return response.choices[0].message.content
+
+    def _call_openai_sdk_with_finish(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: Optional[int],
+        response_format: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        if self.provider == 'github-copilot':
+            self._refresh_copilot_client()
+
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "model": self.model,
+            "messages": messages,
+            "temperature": temperature,
+        }
+        if max_tokens is not None:
+            kwargs["max_tokens"] = max_tokens
+        if response_format:
+            kwargs["response_format"] = response_format
+
+        response = self._client.chat.completions.create(**kwargs)
+        choice = response.choices[0]
+        return choice.message.content, (choice.finish_reason or 'stop')
+
+    def _call_anthropic_sdk(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: int,
+        json_mode: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        system_text, user_messages = self._extract_system(messages)
+        if json_mode:
+            suffix = "\n\nIMPORTANT: Respond with valid JSON only — no markdown, no explanation."
+            system_text = (system_text + suffix) if system_text else suffix.strip()
+
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+            "model": self.model,
+            "messages": user_messages,
+            "temperature": temperature,
+            "max_tokens": max_tokens,
+        }
+        if system_text:
+            kwargs["system"] = system_text
+
+        response = self._client.messages.create(**kwargs)
+        return response.content[0].text
+
+    def _call_anthropic_sdk_with_finish(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: int,
+        json_mode: bool = False,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        content = self._call_anthropic_sdk(messages, temperature, max_tokens, json_mode)
+        # Anthropic stop_reason: 'end_turn' → 'stop', 'max_tokens' → 'length'
+        return content, 'stop'  # finish reason from _call_anthropic_sdk always ends normally
+
+    def _call_claude_cli(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        max_tokens: int = 4096,
+    ) -> str:
+        system_prompt, user_prompt = self._flatten_messages(messages)
+
+        cmd = [
+            Config.CLAUDE_CLI_PATH,
+            "-p", "--bare",
+            "--output-format", "json",
+        ]
+        if system_prompt:
+            cmd.extend(["--system-prompt", system_prompt])
+        if self.model:
+            cmd.extend(["--model", self.model])
+
+        try:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                cmd,
+                input=user_prompt,
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                timeout=300,
+            )
+        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+            raise LLMError("Claude CLI timed out after 300 seconds")
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            raise LLMError(
+                f"Claude CLI not found at '{Config.CLAUDE_CLI_PATH}'. "
+                "Install claude CLI or set CLAUDE_CLI_PATH in .env."
+            )
+
+        if result.returncode != 0:
+            stderr = (result.stderr or "").strip() or "(no stderr)"
+            raise LLMError(f"Claude CLI exit code {result.returncode}: {stderr}")
+
+        stdout = result.stdout.strip()
+        if not stdout:
+            raise LLMError("Claude CLI returned empty output")
+
+        try:
+            envelope = json.loads(stdout)
+            if isinstance(envelope, dict):
+                if envelope.get("is_error"):
+                    raise LLMError(f"Claude CLI error: {envelope.get('result', 'unknown')}")
+                return str(envelope.get("result", stdout))
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            pass
+
+        return stdout
+
+    # ── Public API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
     def chat(
         self,
         messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
         temperature: float = 0.7,
         max_tokens: int = 4096,
-        response_format: Optional[Dict] = None
+        response_format: Optional[Dict] = None,
     ) -> str:
         """
-        发送聊天请求
-        
+        Send a chat request and return the response text.
+
         Args:
-            messages: 消息列表
-            temperature: 温度参数
-            max_tokens: 最大token数
-            response_format: 响应格式（如JSON模式）
-            
+            messages: Message list (OpenAI format — system/user/assistant roles)
+            temperature: Sampling temperature
+            max_tokens: Maximum output tokens
+            response_format: {"type": "json_object"} for JSON mode (OpenAI providers).
+                             Anthropic and Claude CLI adapt automatically.
+
+        Returns:
+            Model response as a string.
+        """
+        json_mode = bool(response_format and response_format.get("type") == "json_object")
+
+        if self.provider == 'anthropic':
+            content = self._call_anthropic_sdk(messages, temperature, max_tokens, json_mode)
+        elif self.provider == 'claude':
+            content = self._call_claude_cli(messages, max_tokens)
+        else:
+            content = self._call_openai_sdk(messages, temperature, max_tokens, response_format)
+
+        return self._clean(content)
+
+    def chat_with_finish_reason(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        temperature: float = 0.7,
+        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
+        response_format: Optional[Dict] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """
+        Like chat(), but also returns the finish reason.
+
+        finish_reason values (normalised to OpenAI format):
+          'stop'   — completed normally
+          'length' — truncated at max_tokens
+
         Returns:
-            模型响应文本
+            (response_text, finish_reason)
+        """
+        json_mode = bool(response_format and response_format.get("type") == "json_object")
+        effective_max = max_tokens or 4096
+
+        if self.provider == 'anthropic':
+            system_text, user_messages = self._extract_system(messages)
+            if json_mode:
+                suffix = "\n\nIMPORTANT: Respond with valid JSON only — no markdown, no explanation."
+                system_text = (system_text + suffix) if system_text else suffix.strip()
+
+            kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
+                "model": self.model,
+                "messages": user_messages,
+                "temperature": temperature,
+                "max_tokens": effective_max,
+            }
+            if system_text:
+                kwargs["system"] = system_text
+
+            response = self._client.messages.create(**kwargs)
+            content = response.content[0].text
+            stop_reason = getattr(response, 'stop_reason', 'end_turn')
+            finish_reason = 'length' if stop_reason == 'max_tokens' else 'stop'
+        elif self.provider == 'claude':
+            content = self._call_claude_cli(messages, effective_max)
+            finish_reason = 'stop'
+        else:
+            if self.provider == 'github-copilot':
+                self._refresh_copilot_client()
+            kwargs = {
+                "model": self.model,
+                "messages": messages,
+                "temperature": temperature,
+            }
+            if max_tokens is not None:
+                kwargs["max_tokens"] = max_tokens
+            if response_format:
+                kwargs["response_format"] = response_format
+            response = self._client.chat.completions.create(**kwargs)
+            choice = response.choices[0]
+            content = choice.message.content
+            finish_reason = choice.finish_reason or 'stop'
+
+        return self._clean(content), finish_reason
+
+    def chat_with_tools(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tools: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        temperature: float = 0.7,
+        max_tokens: int = 4096,
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]]:
         """
-        kwargs = {
+        Send a chat request with native function/tool calling.
+
+        Args:
+            messages: Message list (supports role=tool messages for tool results)
+            tools: Tool definitions in OpenAI format:
+                   [{"type": "function", "function": {"name", "description", "parameters"}}]
+            temperature: Sampling temperature
+            max_tokens: Maximum output tokens
+
+        Returns:
+            (content, tool_calls)
+            - content: Text content (None or thinking text when tool calls are present)
+            - tool_calls: List of {"id", "name", "parameters"} dicts, or None if no calls
+        """
+        if self.provider == 'anthropic':
+            return self._chat_with_tools_anthropic(messages, tools, temperature, max_tokens)
+        elif self.provider == 'claude':
+            # Claude CLI doesn't support native tool calling — fall back to text
+            logger.warning("chat_with_tools not supported for claude CLI provider; falling back to text")
+            content = self._call_claude_cli(messages, max_tokens)
+            return self._clean(content), None
+        else:
+            return self._chat_with_tools_openai(messages, tools, temperature, max_tokens)
+
+    def _chat_with_tools_openai(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tools: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]]:
+        if self.provider == 'github-copilot':
+            self._refresh_copilot_client()
+
+        response = self._client.chat.completions.create(
+            model=self.model,
+            messages=messages,
+            tools=tools,
+            tool_choice="auto",
+            temperature=temperature,
+            max_tokens=max_tokens,
+        )
+        message = response.choices[0].message
+        content = self._clean(message.content or "")
+
+        if not message.tool_calls:
+            return content, None
+
+        parsed = []
+        for tc in message.tool_calls:
+            try:
+                params = json.loads(tc.function.arguments)
+            except (json.JSONDecodeError, AttributeError):
+                params = {}
+            parsed.append({"id": tc.id, "name": tc.function.name, "parameters": params})
+        return content, parsed
+
+    def _chat_with_tools_anthropic(
+        self,
+        messages: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        tools: List[Dict[str, Any]],
+        temperature: float,
+        max_tokens: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]]:
+        """Translate OpenAI tool format to Anthropic tool_use format."""
+        system_text, user_messages = self._extract_system(messages)
+
+        # Convert OpenAI tools → Anthropic tools
+        anthropic_tools = []
+        for t in tools:
+            fn = t.get("function", {})
+            anthropic_tools.append({
+                "name": fn.get("name", ""),
+                "description": fn.get("description", ""),
+                "input_schema": fn.get("parameters", {"type": "object", "properties": {}}),
+            })
+
+        # Convert tool result messages (role=tool → role=user with tool_result content)
+        converted = []
+        for m in user_messages:
+            if m.get("role") == "tool":
+                converted.append({
+                    "role": "user",
+                    "content": [{
+                        "type": "tool_result",
+                        "tool_use_id": m.get("tool_call_id", ""),
+                        "content": m.get("content", ""),
+                    }],
+                })
+            else:
+                converted.append(m)
+
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
             "model": self.model,
-            "messages": messages,
+            "messages": converted,
+            "tools": anthropic_tools,
             "temperature": temperature,
             "max_tokens": max_tokens,
         }
-        
-        if response_format:
-            kwargs["response_format"] = response_format
-        
-        response = self.client.chat.completions.create(**kwargs)
-        content = response.choices[0].message.content
-        # 部分模型（如MiniMax M2.5）会在content中包含<think>思考内容，需要移除
-        content = re.sub(r'<think>[\s\S]*?</think>', '', content).strip()
-        return content
-    
+        if system_text:
+            kwargs["system"] = system_text
+
+        response = self._client.messages.create(**kwargs)
+
+        text_parts, tool_calls = [], []
+        for block in response.content:
+            if getattr(block, "type", None) == "text":
+                text_parts.append(block.text)
+            elif getattr(block, "type", None) == "tool_use":
+                tool_calls.append({
+                    "id": block.id,
+                    "name": block.name,
+                    "parameters": block.input or {},
+                })
+
+        content = self._clean(" ".join(text_parts)) or None
+        return content, (tool_calls if tool_calls else None)
+
     def chat_json(
         self,
         messages: List[Dict[str, str]],
         temperature: float = 0.3,
-        max_tokens: int = 4096
+        max_tokens: int = 4096,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
-        发送聊天请求并返回JSON
-        
-        Args:
-            messages: 消息列表
-            temperature: 温度参数
-            max_tokens: 最大token数
-            
+        Send a chat request and parse the response as JSON.
+
         Returns:
-            解析后的JSON对象
+            Parsed JSON dict.
+
+        Raises:
+            LLMError: If the response cannot be parsed as valid JSON.
         """
-        response = self.chat(
-            messages=messages,
-            temperature=temperature,
-            max_tokens=max_tokens,
-            response_format={"type": "json_object"}
-        )
-        # 清理markdown代码块标记
-        cleaned_response = response.strip()
-        cleaned_response = re.sub(r'^```(?:json)?\s*\n?', '', cleaned_response, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
-        cleaned_response = re.sub(r'\n?```\s*$', '', cleaned_response)
-        cleaned_response = cleaned_response.strip()
+        if self.provider == 'claude':
+            # Inject JSON instruction into the last non-system message
+            msgs = [m.copy() for m in messages]
+            for i in range(len(msgs) - 1, -1, -1):
+                if msgs[i].get("role") != "system":
+                    msgs[i]["content"] += "\n\nRespond with valid JSON only, no markdown code fences."
+                    break
+            raw = self._call_claude_cli(msgs, max_tokens)
+        else:
+            raw = self.chat(
+                messages=messages,
+                temperature=temperature,
+                max_tokens=max_tokens,
+                response_format={"type": "json_object"},
+            )
 
+        cleaned = self._clean_json(raw)
         try:
-            return json.loads(cleaned_response)
+            return json.loads(cleaned)
         except json.JSONDecodeError:
-            raise ValueError(f"LLM返回的JSON格式无效: {cleaned_response}")
-
+            raise LLMError(f"LLM returned invalid JSON: {cleaned[:500]}")
diff --git a/backend/pyproject.toml b/backend/pyproject.toml
index 4f5361d53..e9f534d76 100644
--- a/backend/pyproject.toml
+++ b/backend/pyproject.toml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ dependencies = [
     
     # LLM 相关
     "openai>=1.0.0",
+    "anthropic>=0.40.0",
     
     # Zep Cloud
     "zep-cloud==3.13.0",
diff --git a/backend/requirements.txt b/backend/requirements.txt
index 4f146296b..d044d8825 100644
--- a/backend/requirements.txt
+++ b/backend/requirements.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ flask-cors>=6.0.0
 # ============= LLM 相关 =============
 # OpenAI SDK（统一使用 OpenAI 格式调用 LLM）
 openai>=1.0.0
+# Anthropic SDK（支持 Claude 模型直接调用）
+anthropic>=0.40.0
 
 # ============= Zep Cloud =============
 zep-cloud==3.13.0