Code Standardization

[AOS55]

• Have Python code comply with the black, flake8, and isort linting/formatting tools. This keeps the code formatting consistent across different projects.
• Add type hinting where reasonable, at least in the most publicly facing portions of a repository. Adding title hinting to functions can help new users get accustomed to code easier and can sometimes help prevent or catch obscure bugs.
• Include docstrings for all substantial functions so that new users can easily understand what they do. Use the pydocstyle and Google styles so that they have a standard formatting.