Provide a type and memory safe interface for attribute

[EmilDohne]

This feature request is a continuation of this thread #4560 aiming to provide a more type safe interface for setting and reading attributes rather than reading from a raw pointer.

This would be done as an addendum to the current API with the other calls then slowly being deprecated over time

Tasks

Preview Give feedback

1. Create attribute function taking a cspan
2. Update all the related getattribute etc. functions to reflect these changes