From 6e8f02dca10f3c5ca0ec889cbfc02a66a56116c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Allen Downey <downey@allendowney.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Nov 2023 19:49:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Updating the notebooks

---
 notebooks/chap01.ipynb |   2 +-
 notebooks/chap12.ipynb | 645 ++++-------------------------------------
 notebooks/utils.py     |  12 +-
 3 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 591 deletions(-)

diff --git a/notebooks/chap01.ipynb b/notebooks/chap01.ipynb
index 7539225c..10c89633 100644
--- a/notebooks/chap01.ipynb
+++ b/notebooks/chap01.ipynb
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "### The Law of Total Probability\n",
+    "## The Law of Total Probability\n",
     "\n",
     "In addition to these three theorems, there's one more thing we'll need to do Bayesian statistics: the law of total probability.\n",
     "Here's one form of the law, expressed in mathematical notation:\n",
diff --git a/notebooks/chap12.ipynb b/notebooks/chap12.ipynb
index 943ac832..01e95f9f 100644
--- a/notebooks/chap12.ipynb
+++ b/notebooks/chap12.ipynb
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.288138Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.287692Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.289835Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.289416Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -48,12 +42,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.293250Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.292789Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.294513Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.294915Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -76,12 +64,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.297920Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.297468Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.991445Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.990956Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -95,12 +77,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.994654Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.994183Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.995880Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:18.996227Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -114,12 +90,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.000543Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.000024Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.002391Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.001974Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -159,12 +129,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.006217Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.005694Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.007955Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.007562Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -173,7 +137,7 @@
     "# https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins\n",
     "# With gratitude to Allison Horst (@allison_horst)\n",
     "\n",
-    "download('https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins/raw/main/inst/extdata/penguins_raw.csv')"
+    "download('https://github.com/allisonhorst/palmerpenguins/raw/master/inst/extdata/penguins_raw.csv')"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -188,14 +152,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 7,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.011281Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.010728Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.044097Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.044463Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import pandas as pd\n",
@@ -215,12 +172,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 8,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.048415Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.047976Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.065696Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.066074Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -241,12 +192,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 9,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.070492Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.070076Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.071826Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.072191Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -316,14 +261,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 10,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.075960Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.075536Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.077767Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.077267Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def make_cdf_map(df, colname, by='Species2'):\n",
@@ -348,12 +286,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 11,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.081866Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.081358Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.082993Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.083335Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -390,12 +322,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 12,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.088740Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.088145Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.303168Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.302435Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -417,12 +343,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 13,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.331398Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.308397Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.517982Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.518346Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -453,12 +373,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 14,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.524204Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.521721Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.703780Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.703345Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -480,12 +394,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 15,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.729774Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.707634Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.907033Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.906567Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -527,14 +435,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 16,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.911218Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.910745Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.912386Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.912766Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from scipy.stats import norm\n",
@@ -560,14 +461,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 17,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.918583Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.915902Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.922654Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.923116Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "flipper_map = make_norm_map(df, 'Flipper Length (mm)')\n",
@@ -586,14 +480,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 18,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.927490Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.926925Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.929310Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.929816Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "data = 193\n",
@@ -612,14 +499,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 19,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.934458Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.933961Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.936520Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.936128Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "hypos = flipper_map.keys()\n",
@@ -646,14 +526,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 20,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.944063Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.943376Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.946269Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.946617Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from empiricaldist import Pmf\n",
@@ -672,14 +545,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 21,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.953232Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.952744Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.955194Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.955555Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "posterior = prior * likelihood\n",
@@ -700,14 +566,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 22,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.960404Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.959801Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.962299Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.961720Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def update_penguin(prior, data, norm_map):\n",
@@ -731,14 +590,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 23,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.970218Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.969685Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.971927Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.972294Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "posterior1 = update_penguin(prior, 193, flipper_map)\n",
@@ -758,14 +610,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 24,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.977739Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.976754Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.981002Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.980505Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "culmen_map = make_norm_map(df, 'Culmen Length (mm)')"
@@ -782,14 +627,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 25,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.988152Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.987625Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.990363Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.989998Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "posterior2 = update_penguin(prior, 48, culmen_map)\n",
@@ -818,14 +656,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 26,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.994218Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.993697Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.995829Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.995463Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def update_naive(prior, data_seq, norm_maps):\n",
@@ -855,14 +686,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 27,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.999103Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:19.998544Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.000215Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.000576Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "colnames = ['Flipper Length (mm)', 'Culmen Length (mm)']\n",
@@ -880,14 +704,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 28,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.009075Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.008454Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.011330Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.011754Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "data_seq = 193, 48\n",
@@ -905,14 +722,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 29,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.015770Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.015173Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.017887Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.018251Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "posterior.max_prob()"
@@ -928,14 +738,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 30,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.023491Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.022789Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.981981Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.981550Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import numpy as np\n",
@@ -961,12 +764,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 31,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.985633Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.984867Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.987360Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.987711Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -977,14 +774,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 32,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.991610Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.991151Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.993953Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.993589Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "valid = df['Classification'].notna()\n",
@@ -994,14 +784,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 33,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.998143Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.997582Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:20.999968Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.000342Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "same = df['Species2'] == df['Classification']\n",
@@ -1019,14 +802,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 34,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.004190Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.003664Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.006287Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.005922Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "same.sum() / valid.sum()"
@@ -1042,14 +818,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 35,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.009603Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.009164Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.010827Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.011182Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def accuracy(df):\n",
@@ -1078,14 +847,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 36,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.015102Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.014619Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.016514Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.016973Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
@@ -1095,7 +857,7 @@
     "    grouped = df.groupby('Species2')\n",
     "    for species, group in grouped:\n",
     "        plt.plot(group[var1], group[var2],\n",
-    "                 label=species, lw=0, alpha=0.3)\n",
+    "                 label=species, ls=\"None\", alpha=0.3)\n",
     "    \n",
     "    decorate(xlabel=var1, ylabel=var2)"
    ]
@@ -1110,14 +872,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 37,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.022398Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.021391Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.203851Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.203425Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "var1 = 'Flipper Length (mm)'\n",
@@ -1139,14 +894,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 38,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.208040Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.207520Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.209803Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.209356Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def make_pmf_norm(dist, sigmas=3, n=101):\n",
@@ -1171,14 +919,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 39,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.217204Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.216308Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.224243Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.223791Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from utils import make_joint\n",
@@ -1200,14 +941,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 40,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.242009Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.238850Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.479441Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.479791Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from utils import plot_contour\n",
@@ -1245,14 +979,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 41,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.483823Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.483359Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.485585Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.485083Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "features = df[[var1, var2]]"
@@ -1268,14 +995,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 42,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.490474Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.489968Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.492332Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.492765Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "mean = features.mean()\n",
@@ -1292,14 +1012,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 43,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.500963Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.500193Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.503087Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.503533Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "cov = features.cov()\n",
@@ -1322,14 +1035,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 44,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.510841Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.510344Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.512378Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.511992Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from scipy.stats import multivariate_normal\n",
@@ -1347,14 +1053,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 45,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.516025Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.515613Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.517669Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.517308Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def make_multinorm_map(df, colnames):\n",
@@ -1379,14 +1078,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 46,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.520704Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.520278Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.529601Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.530111Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "multinorm_map = make_multinorm_map(df, [var1, var2])"
@@ -1410,12 +1102,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 47,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.534127Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.533630Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.535670Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.535312Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1438,12 +1124,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 48,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.540839Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.540411Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.542132Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.542474Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1465,12 +1145,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 49,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.545987Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.545244Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.548896Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.549367Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1494,12 +1168,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 50,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.553038Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.552338Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.556566Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.557009Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1521,12 +1189,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 51,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.560465Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.559912Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.566335Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.565694Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1548,12 +1210,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 52,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.571487Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.571021Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.575812Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.575460Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1577,12 +1233,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 53,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.593523Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.593043Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.720706Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.721051Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1607,12 +1257,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 54,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.725452Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.725003Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.728131Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.727783Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1644,12 +1288,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 55,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.742236Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.741830Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.959124Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.958746Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1683,14 +1321,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 56,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.962781Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.962359Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.964347Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.963983Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "def update_penguin(prior, data, norm_map):\n",
@@ -1714,14 +1345,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 57,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.970821Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.970316Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.972638Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.972985Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "data = 193, 48\n",
@@ -1741,14 +1365,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 58,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.994890Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:21.976850Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.492006Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.491490Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "df['Classification'] = np.nan\n",
@@ -1769,14 +1386,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 59,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.496290Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.495665Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.498009Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.498355Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "accuracy(df)"
@@ -1835,14 +1445,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 60,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.510264Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.502240Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.511818Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.512227Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -1851,14 +1454,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 61,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.515369Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.514953Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.516745Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.517113Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -1867,14 +1463,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 62,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.521294Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:22.520797Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.132111Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.131589Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -1902,12 +1491,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 63,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.136450Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.136012Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.138313Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.137929Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1920,12 +1503,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 64,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.143347Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.142770Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.145149Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.145516Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1937,12 +1514,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 65,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.149670Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.149059Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.151974Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.151609Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1955,12 +1526,6 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 66,
    "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.155918Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.155414Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.157757Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.157299Z"
-    },
     "tags": []
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -1980,14 +1545,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 67,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.183443Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.162804Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.350616Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.350965Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -1996,14 +1554,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 68,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.380991Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.380355Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.513043Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.512695Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2012,14 +1563,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 69,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.616223Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.593373Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.723355Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.723837Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2028,14 +1572,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 70,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.744233Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.743536Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.870390Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.870886Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2044,14 +1581,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 71,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.884204Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.883682Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.886012Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.885502Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2060,14 +1590,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 72,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.889220Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.888769Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.892007Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.891596Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2076,14 +1599,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 73,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.897922Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.897502Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.901421Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:24.900935Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2092,14 +1608,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 74,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.474486Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.455002Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.476802Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.476362Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2108,14 +1617,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 75,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.480415Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.479934Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.481560Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.481900Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2124,14 +1626,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 76,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.486192Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.485498Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.488708Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.488247Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2140,14 +1635,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 77,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.494810Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.493982Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.495920Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.496360Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2156,14 +1644,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 78,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.542917Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:25.511258Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.220359Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.220725Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2172,14 +1653,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 79,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.572075Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.571436Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.575569Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.574618Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2188,14 +1662,7 @@
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 80,
-   "metadata": {
-    "execution": {
-     "iopub.execute_input": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.581437Z",
-     "iopub.status.busy": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.579982Z",
-     "iopub.status.idle": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.586297Z",
-     "shell.execute_reply": "2021-04-16T19:37:26.585917Z"
-    }
-   },
+   "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Solution goes here"
@@ -2226,7 +1693,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.9.12"
+   "version": "3.10.12"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
diff --git a/notebooks/utils.py b/notebooks/utils.py
index 79fe418e..755ac3ad 100644
--- a/notebooks/utils.py
+++ b/notebooks/utils.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import warnings
 import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
@@ -63,6 +64,14 @@ def underride(d, **options):
     return d
 
 
+class SuppressWarning:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=UserWarning, module="matplotlib")
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        warnings.filterwarnings("default", category=UserWarning, module="matplotlib")
+
+
 def decorate(**options):
     """Decorate the current axes.
 
@@ -81,7 +90,8 @@ def decorate(**options):
     if handles:
         ax.legend(handles, labels)
 
-    plt.tight_layout()
+    with SuppressWarning():
+        plt.tight_layout()
 
 
 def savefig(root, **options):