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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>CAS CS561 -- Data Systems Architectures @ Boston University</title>
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<h1>CS 561</h1>
<h2> Data Systems Architectures</h2>
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<!-- <span class="subheading">Understanding the internals of database systems</span> -->
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<p><strong>Note: </strong> This is an archived version of the class. Please navigate to <a href="https://bu-disc.github.io/CS561/">https://bu-disc.github.io/CS561/</a> for the current offering.
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<p><strong>Note: </strong> The class schedule is now finalized, however, monitor the website for any updates during the semester.
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<strong>Online classes and OH starting 3/17: <a href="https://piazza.com/class/k5ffzklkd1z54v?cid=50" style="text-decoration: underline;">Click here for Class/OH/Guest Lecture Zoom links</a></strong>
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<div class="col-lg-5 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 text-center">
<p>Class: Tue/The 11:00am-12:15pm <a href="https://www.bu.edu/classrooms/classroom/cas-228/" target="_blank">(CAS 228)</a></a>
<br>
Instructor: <a href="http://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/" target="_blank">Manos Athanassoulis</a> <a href="mailto:mathan@bu.edu?subject=[CS561]"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a></p>
<p>Lab: Fri 2:30-3:20pm <a href="https://maps.bu.edu/?id=647#!m/558432?share" target="_blank">(CDS 701)</a>
<br> Teaching Fellow: <em><a href="http://cs-people.bu.edu/teona/" target="_blank">Teona Bagashvili</a></em>
<a href="mailto:teona@bu.edu?subject=[CS561]"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></a>
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<p> Office: CDS 928<br>
Office Hours: <a href="https://piazza.com/bu/spring2026/cs561/staff" target="_blank">Posted on Piazza</a> </p>
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Discussion on <a href="https://piazza.com/bu/spring2026/cs561" target="_blank">Piazza</a> / Grades on <a href="https://www.gradescope.com/courses/1202939" target="_blank">Gradescope</a>
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<!-- <li> Final grades are now uploaded! </li>
<li> Register for your <a href="https://doodle.com/poll/ey726g9zepy3kpag" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline">project presentation</a>. </li>
<li> A list of useful links added in the <a href="project.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline">project page</a>. </li>
<li> Our first visitor is coming on March 5th! </li>-->
<!-- <li> <span class="blink">New</span> Slides for your group presentation are now available. </li>
<li> <span class="blink">New</span> Slides for Class 25 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 24 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 23 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 22 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 21 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 20 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 19 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 18 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 17 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 16 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 15 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 14 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 13 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 12 are now available. </li>
<li> More details about the projects are available in the <a href="project.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline">project page</a>. Proposal due:
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<li> Slides for Class 9 are now available. </li>
<li> Slides for Class 8 are now available. </li>
<li> <a href="./projects/CS561-S23-Proj1-RocksDB.pdf" target="_blank">Project 1</a> is released. Due date:
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<li> Due date of Project 0 has been extended to
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<li> <strong><a href="https://piazza.com/class/k5ffzklkd1z54v?cid=50">Class/OH/Guest Lectures Zoom Links</a></strong></li>
<li> Deadline for midway report remains the same (March 21st) - late submission is allowed.</li>
<li> <strong><a href="https://piazza.com/class/k5ffzklkd1z54v?cid=41">Important updates in light of COVID-19</a></strong></li>
<li> Guest lectures for this semester on March 19th and March 26th! </li>
<li> Class starts on 1/21.</li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="https://www.overleaf.com/read/ryckhctxswvk" target="_blank">Midterm Report</a> is due on <font color="red">March 28</font>. </li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="https://www.gradescope.com/courses/342653/assignments/1760895" target="_blank">Final Project Report</a> <font color="red"> Due date: May 6th</font></li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="https://www.gradescope.com/courses/342653/assignments/1998394/" target="_blank">Preliminary Project Report</a> <font color="red"> Due date: April 27th</font></li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="#class25">Guest lecture</a> for this semester on April 26th </li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="https://www.gradescope.com/courses/693490/assignments/4251488/" target="_blank">Midway Report</a> <font color="red"> Due date: <del>March 22nd</del> March 29th</font></li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="./projects/Proj1.pdf" target="_blank">Project 1</a> is released. <font color="red">Due date: Feb 19th</font></li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="./projects/CS561-S24-Proj1-RocksDB.pdf" target="_blank">Project 1</a> is released. Due date:
<font color="red">Feb 16</font>.</li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="./projects/CS561-S24-Proj0-Zonemaps.pdf" target="_blank">Project 0</a> is released. Due date:
<font color="red">Feb 2</font>.</li> -->
<!-- <li> <a href="http://tinyurl.com/S24-CS561-presentations" target="_blank">Register</a> for presentation by <font color="red">Feb 2</font>. </li> -->
<!-- <li> The schedule is populated with the papers to discuss. </li> -->
<!-- <li> Updated <a href="documents/CS561-Spring2023-syllabus.pdf" target="_blank">syllabus</a> is now online (subject to changes). </li> -->
<!-- <li> No lab on Jan 19! First class on Jan 22.</li> -->
<li> Semester starts on <script type="text/javascript">document.write(classDay(0));</script> - stay tuned for updates.</li>
<li> See updates and announcements in <a href="https://piazza.com/bu/spring2026/cs561/">Piazza</a>.</li>
</ul>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Main Content -->
<div class="" id="milestones">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1">
<h3 class="text-center">Class Milestones - Important Dates</h3>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2 col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1">
<p>Keep in mind the <a href="https://www.bu.edu/reg/calendars/semester/" target="_blank">Official Semester Dates</a>.</p>
<ul>
<!-- <li>January 31, last day to add (any) class</li> -->
<!-- <li>February 9th, select a project</li> -->
<!-- <li>February 19th, decide the semester project (which you have discussed in OH)</li> -->
<li>Feb 1, submit project 0</li>
<li>Feb 15, submit project 1</li>
<li>Feb 22, submit your project proposal</li>
<li><strong>February 24, last day to drop (without a "W")</strong></li>
<li><script>document.write(semesterDay(firstClassDate,41));</script> - <script>document.write(semesterDay(firstClassDate,45));</script>, meet with your assigned mentor (graded)</li>
<li>Mar 22, submit your mid-semester progress report</li>
<li><script>document.write(semesterDay(firstClassDate,69));</script> - <script>document.write(semesterDay(firstClassDate,80));</script>, meet with your assigned mentor (graded)</li>
<li>Mar 31, Student-led discussion</li>
<li>Apr 2, Student-led discussion</li>
<li><strong>April 3, last day to drop (with a "W")</strong></li>
<li>Apr 7, Student-led discussion</li>
<li>Apr 9, Student-led discussion</li>
<li>May 3, final submission of project code and report</li>
<!-- <li>April 23rd, submit your draft project presentation for review prior to presentation</li> -->
<!-- <li>April 25th 11:59pm, submit your final project report/code (draft version) </li> -->
<!-- <li>April 27th and April 29th, project presentation (in class)</li> -->
<!-- <li>May 3rd 11:59pm, final submission of project code and report </li> -->
</ul>
<!-- <p>Before each class submit your paper review!</p> -->
<br>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Main Content -->
<div class="alternate" id="schedule">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
<h1 class="text-center">Class Schedule (tentative)</h1>
<p>
Here you can find the <em>tentative</em> schedule of the class (which might change as the semester progresses).
</p>
<!-- <p>
The slides will be uploaded here after each class, but they
<em>cannot</em> be used as a replacement of the lectures, and will
<em>not</em> be sufficient on their own. Some lectures might deviate from
the textbook (in presentation, order, and content). Hence, attendance
during the lecturing and during the class discussion is <em>mandatory</em>
and an integral part of the class.
</p> -->
<div class="post-preview">
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Class
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</script>: Introduction to Data Systems and CS561
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write(classDay(rday + cday + cancelday));
cday++;
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</p>
<!-- <p class="post-content"> In this class we will discuss the basics of data systems and the goals and structure of the course. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class1.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
<script type="text/javascript">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: Data Systems Architectures Essentials – Part 1
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write(classDay(rday + cday + cancelday));
cday++;
</script>
</p>
<!-- <p class="post-content"> In this class we discuss the fundamental components that comprise a database system. We will see the commonalities and the differences of the main database system architectures and we will discuss why we have several different ones. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class2.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/fntdb07-architecture.pdf">Architecture of a Database System</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2007</li>
<li><a href="https://stratos.seas.harvard.edu/sites/g/files/omnuum4611/files/stratos/files/columnstoresfntdbs.pdf">The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2012</li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/fnt23-athanassoulis.pdf">Data Structures for Data-Intensive Applications: Tradeoffs and Design Guidelines</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2023</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cut.ac.cy/digitalAssets/122/122275_1002013-FnTDB-Survey.pdf">Massively Parallel Databases and MapReduce Systems</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2013</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3385658.3385668">The Seattle Report on Database Research</a>, SIGMOD Record, 2022</li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11259">The Cambridge Report on Database Research</a>, 2025</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
<script type="text/javascript">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: Data Systems Architectures Essentials – Part 2
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>
</p>
<!-- <p class="post-content"> In this class we continue discussing data systems architectures and the basics for modern systems focusing on relational row-stores and column-stores. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class3.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/fntdb07-architecture.pdf">Architecture of a Database System</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2007</li>
<li><a href="https://stratos.seas.harvard.edu/publications/design-and-implementation-modern-column-oriented-database-systems">The Design and Implementation of Modern Column-Oriented Database Systems</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2012</li>
<li><a href="https://www.cut.ac.cy/digitalAssets/122/122275_1002013-FnTDB-Survey.pdf">Massively Parallel Databases and MapReduce Systems</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases, 2013</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3385658.3385668">The Seattle Report on Database Research</a>, SIGMOD Record, 2022</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
<script type="text/javascript">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: LSM intro and Class Project Overview
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
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</p>
<!-- <p class="post-content"> In this class the students will be introduced to the class semester project. In that process we describe in detail LSM-trees and we highlight open research problems in data management. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class4.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3522563">Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores</a>, SIGMOD 2022 </li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07527">LSM-based Storage Techniques: A Survey</a>, arXiv 2018</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h2 class="text-center">A: Storage Layouts</h2>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
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Class
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</script>: Row-Stores vs. Column-Stores
<!-- <font class="red">(student presentation
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("S" + (studpres++));
</script>)</font> -->
</h3>
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<p class="post-content">
<!-- <strong>Concepts</strong>: column-stores, row-stores, vertical partitioning, index-only plans, materialized views, tuple reconstruction, late/early materialization, block iteration, vectorized execution (block iteration), compression
(run length encoding), hash joins, index joins, sort-merge joins, invisible joins, star schema -->
<!-- (paper for <strong class="red"><script type="text/javascript">document.write("REVIEW R"+(review++)); </script></strong>) -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class5.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Based on the paper, compare the performance of materialized views with the performance of column-stores. Briefly, explain the key reasons for the performance gap.</em> </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1376616.1376712">Column-Stores vs. Row-Stores: How Different Are They Really?</a>, SIGMOD 2008 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1083658">C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS</a>, VLDB 2005 [<a href="https://www.vldb.org/archives/website/2005/program/paper/thu/p553-stonebraker.pdf">additiona link</a>]</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
<script type="text/javascript">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: Guest Lecture on SSD Design Elements: <a style="color:#0048AA" href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/teona/" target="_blank">Teona Bagashvili</a>
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
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</p>
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class9-Teona.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Estimate the latency of executing a zone finish command if the zone capacity is 8192 KiB, the page size is 16 KiB, the zone occupancy is 25%, and zone parallelism is 4. The SSD has finish granularity of 16 KiB, and a page write latency of 600 microseconds. How will latency change if finish granularity is 64 KiB? </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3688351.3689160">Exploring I/O Management Performance in ZNS with ConfZNS++</a>, SYSTOR 2024 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
<li><a href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/atc21-bjorling.pdf">ZNS: Avoiding the Block Interface Tax for Flash-based SSDs</a>, USENIX 2021</li>
<li><a href="https://download.semiconductor.samsung.com/resources/white-paper/FDP_Whitepaper_102423_Final.pdf">Introduction to Flexible Data Placement: New Era of Optimized Data Management</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://semiconductor.samsung.com/news-events/tech-blog/a-brief-history-of-data-placement-technologies/">A Brief History of Data Placement Technologies</a></li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
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Class
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</script>: Log-Structured Merge (LSM) Trees & Compaction
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
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<p class="post-content">
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class6.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">What is the key design idea of Dostoevsky to address the limitations of existing merge policies? Explain how does this design affect the point lookups and range (short and long) lookups. </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07527">LSM-based Storage Techniques: A Survey</a>, arXiv 2018</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3183713.3196927">Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging</a>, SIGMOD 2018 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmXgXripmh0"
target="_blank">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3522563"> Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores</a>, SIGMOD 2022 [<a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/slides/sigmod2022-Tutorial.pdf">slides</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkMkBZn2mGs">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="http://vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p2216-sarkar.pdf">Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space</a>, VLDB 2021 </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3035918.3064054"> Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store</a>, SIGMOD 2020 </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3514221.3520169"> Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions</a>, SIGMOD 2022 [<a href="https://disc-projects.bu.edu/compactionary/#interactiveDemo">DEMO</a>]</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
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Class
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</script>: Deletes on LSM Trees
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
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<p class="post-content">
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class6b.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">When querying for a key that has been recently deleted and the tombstone is still in the system, is there a scenario that the metadata will allow us to avoid going to the base data? Why there is a tradeoff in KiWi between delete efficiency and query performance? </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3318464.3389757">Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine</a>, SIGMOD 2020 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qr1MniqOTdA" target="_blank">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="https://openproceedings.org/2022/conf/edbt/paper-131.pdf">Query Language Support for Timely Data Deletion</a>, EDBT 2022 [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcWj6b8EKFg" target="_blank">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="http://sites.computer.org/debull/A22mar/p21.pdf">Building Deletion-Compliant Data Systems</a>, IEEE Data Eng. Bull. 2022</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555041.3589719">Acheron: Persisting Tombstones in LSM Engines</a>, SIGMOD 2023 [<a href="https://disc-projects.bu.edu/acheron/" target="_blank">demo</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irjcsT_qhoY" target="_blank">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3599724">Enabling Timely and Persistent Deletion in LSM-Engines</a>, TODS 2023</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 class="post-subtitle">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: Scans in Key-Value Stores
<!-- <font class="red">(student presentation
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("S" + (studpres++));
</script>)</font> -->
</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
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<p class="post-content">
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class7.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">How does TellStore-Log support fast get/put requests, versioning, and scans at the same time? In other words, describe the key design decisions of TellStore-Log that allows it to achieve fast get/put requests, versioning, and scans. </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol10/p1526-bocksrocker.pdf">Fast Scans on Key-Value Stores</a>, SIGMOD 2017 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01516">F2: Designing a Key-Value Store for Large Skewed Workloads</a></li>
</ul>
</p>
<!-- <h3 class="post-subtitle">
<script type="text/javascript">
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Class
<script type="text/javascript">
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</script>: HTAP Systems
<font class="red">(student presentation
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("S" + (studpres++));
</script>)</font>
</h3> -->
<!-- <p class="post-meta">
<script type="text/javascript">
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<!-- <p class="post-content">
<strong>Concepts</strong>: key-value stores, point queries, blind updates, read-modify-write, on-line transaction processing (OLTP), on-line analytical processing (OLAP), locality, immutable file, mutable file, append-only systems, in-place updates
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class8.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><strong>(P)</strong> <a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3196898">FASTER: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates</a>, SIGMOD 2018 [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68YBpitMrMI" target="_blank">conf. present. video</a>] (paper for <strong class="red"><script type="text/javascript">document.write("REVIEW R"+(review++)); </script></strong>)</li>
<li> (B) <a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2610502">H2O: A Hands-free Adaptive Store</a>, SIGMOD 2014</li>
<li> (B) <a href="https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2011/Papers/CIDR11_Paper25.pdf">Towards a One Size Fits All Database Architecture</a>, CIDR 2011</li>
<li> (B) <a href="https://openproceedings.org/2018/conf/edbt/paper-215.pdf">L-Store: A Real-time OLTP and OLAP System</a>, EDBT 2018</li>
</ul>
</p> -->
<h2 class="text-center">B. Indexing</h2>
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Class
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</h3>
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</h3>
<p class="post-meta">
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<p class="post-content"> <!--In this class the instructor will provide the necessary background to indexing. We will describe the most common design principles and decisions of index structures and provide the background needed for diving into the details of cutting-edge
indexing papers. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class11.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Why is the performance of range queries improving with cracking as more queries have been executed? Is there a scenario that despite having executed multiple queries, a future query will not benefit from prior cracking? </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~chancy/sigmod98.pdf">Bitmap Index Design and Evaluation</a>, SIGMOD 1998 </li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07527">LSM-based Storage Techniques: A Survey</a>, arXiv 2018</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1561/1900000028">Modern B-Tree Techniques</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases 2011</li>
<li><a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=320521.320530">Prefix B-trees</a>, TODS 1977</li>
<!-- <li>(B) <a href="https://db.in.tum.de/~leis/papers/ART.pdf">The Adaptive Radix Tree: ARTful Indexing for Main-Memory Databases</a>, ICDE 2013</li> -->
<li><a href="http://www.vldb.org/conf/1998/p476.pdf">Small Materialized Aggregates: A Light Weight Index Structure for Data Warehousing</a>, VLDB 1998</li>
<li><a href="https://homepages.cwi.nl/~manegold/COMMIT/imprints.pdf">Column imprints: a secondary index structure</a>, SIGMOD 2013</li>
<li><a href="http://cidrdb.org/cidr2007/papers/cidr07p07.pdf">Database Cracking</a>, CIDR 2007 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
</ul>
</p>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class9.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://openproceedings.org/2016/conf/edbt/paper-12.pdf">Designing Access Methods: The RUM Conjecture</a>, EDBT 2016 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) [<a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/slides/edbt2016-RUM-Conjecture-slides-public.pdf"
target="_blank">slides</a>]</li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Briefly describe RUM Conjecture, and the key idea behind designing RUM-aware access methods. </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/sigmod16-athanassoulis-tutorial.pdf">Design Tradeoffs of Data Access Methods</a>, SIGMOD 2016 [<a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/slides/sigmod2016-Tutorial-PartA.pdf"
target="_blank">slides (part A)</a>] | [<a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/slides/sigmod2016-Tutorial-PartB.pdf"
target="_blank">slides (part B)</a>]</li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/sigmod17-kester.pdf">Access Path Selection in Main-Memory Optimized Data Systems: Should I Scan or Should I Probe?</a>, SIGMOD 2017</li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/fnt23-athanassoulis.pdf">Data Structures for Data-Intensive Applications: Tradeoffs and Design Guidelines</a>, Foundations and Trends in Databases 2023</li>
</ul>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class10.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Based on the evidence presented in ENDURE, which of the two classic compaction policies (Tiering or Leveling) is more robust? Justify your answer. </em> </li>
<li><a href="http://vldb.org/pvldb/vol15/p1605-huynh.pdf">ENDURE: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees</a>, VLDB 2022 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsatTbzOZuI">conf. present. video</a>]</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2723372.2749454"> CliffGuard: A Principled Framework for Finding Robust Database Designs</a>, SIGMOD 2015 </li>
<li><a href="https://db.cs.cmu.edu/papers/2017/p1009-van-aken.pdf"> Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning</a>, SIGMOD 2017 </li>
<li>(B) <a href="https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/epdf/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1641"> Robust Solutions of Optimization ProblemsAffected by Uncertain Probabilities</a>, Management Science 2012 </li>
</ul>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class12.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">In Fig 2b. QuIT is shown to have better sortedness-awareness. Yet, SWARE has an overall better memory utilization. Explain why </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/edbt25-raman.pdf">QuIT your B+ tree for Quick Insertion Tree</a>, EDBT 2025 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/icde23-raman.pdf">Indexing for Near-Sorted Data</a>, ICDE 2023 </li>
</ul>
</p>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class13.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">Suppose we have two trees: one ART and another B+trees. Compare their performance for point and range lookups. Further, if we implement prefix compression in the b+tree, would your answer change? </em> </li>
<li><a href="https://db.in.tum.de/~leis/papers/ART.pdf">The Adaptive Radix Tree: ARTful Indexing for Main-Memory Databases</a>, ICDE 2013
</li>
<!-- <li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">One primary issue with Radix trees is that- with long keys, the space consumption per key can be significantly large even with the implicit prefix compression of keys. How does ART addresses this issue? In other words, what techniques are used by ART to decrease the height by reducing the number of nodes?</em> </li> -->
</ul>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class14.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">What is the key idea that RABIT supports efficient range queries? Why range queries were expensive with prior approaches (equality encoding), and how is this mitigated?</em> </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/sigmod16-athanassoulis.pdf">UpBit: Scalable In-Memory Updatable Bitmap Indexing</a>, SIGMOD 2016 </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/vldb24-wang.pdf">CUBIT: Concurrent Updatable Bitmap Indexing</a>, VLDB 2024</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3769819">RABIT: Efficient Range Queries with Bitmap Indexing</a>, PACMMOD 2025 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
</ul>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class14.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">TBD</em> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p502-lang.pdf">Performance-Optimal Filtering: Bloom Overtakes Cuckoo at High Throughput</a>, VLDB 2019</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3376122">Xor Filters: Faster and Smaller Than Bloom and Cuckoo Filters</a>, JEA 2020</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3035918.3035963">A General-Purpose Counting Filter: Making Every Bit Count</a>, SIGMOD 2017</li>
<li><a href="https://users.cs.utah.edu/~pandey/courses/cs6968/spring23/papers/infinifilter.pdf">InfiniFilter: Expanding Filters to Infinity and Beyond</a>, SIGMOD 2023</li>
<li><a href="https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol17/p3644-dayan.pdf">Aleph Filter: To Infinity in Constant Time</a>, VLDB 2024 [optional]</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pdl.cmu.edu/PDL-FTP/Storage/surf_sigmod18.pdf">SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries</a>, SIGMOD 2018</li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3698820">Memento Filter: A Fast, Dynamic, and Robust Range Filter</a>, SIGMOD 2025</li>
<li><a href="https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol18/p3923-eslami.pdf/">Diva: Dynamic Range Filter for Var-Length Keys and Queries</a>, VLDB 2025</li>
<li><a href="https://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~michaelm/postscripts/tempim3.pdf">Network Applications of Bloom Filters: A Survey</a>, VLDB 2025 [section 1 & 2]</li>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class14.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li><strong>(P)</strong> <a href="https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol16/p932-khatiwada.pdf">Integrating Data Lake Tables</a>, VLDB 2022</li>
<li>(B) <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3588689">SANTOS: Relationship-based Semantic Table Union Search</a>, SIGMOD 2023 </li>
<li>(B) <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3555041.3589732">DIALITE: Discover, Align and Integrate Open Data Tables</a>, SIGMOD-Companion 2023 </li>
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<h2 class="text-center">C. Modern Hardware</h2>
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<!-- <p class="post-content"> In this class the instructor will discuss modern hardware trends that drive system and index design with respect to storage, memories, and processing. -->
<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class15.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">What would be the speedup of the application with batchable reads and unbatchable writes, given that the workload has 60% reads and the SSD has a read concurrency of 8 and an asymmetry of 4. How would the speedup change if the asymmetry was 1?</em> </li>
<li><a href="http://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/damon21-papon.pdf">A Parametric I/O Model for Modern Storage Devices</a>, DaMon 2021 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>) </li>
<li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1989323.1989455" target="_blank">Data Management Over Flash Memory</a>, SIGMOD 2011 </li>
</ul>
</p>
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<h4>Readings</h4>
<ul class="mylist">
<li><a target="_blank" style="font-size:18px; text-decoration: underline;" tabindex="-1" href="./slides/CAS-CS561-Class16.pdf">Slides</a> </li>
<li class="tech-question"><font color="#cc0000"><strong>Technical Question <script type="text/javascript">document.write("T"+(techq++)); </script>:</strong></font> <em class="tech-question-text">TBD</em> </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/icde23-vision.pdf">Relational Fabric: Transparent Data Transformation</a>, ICDE 2023 </li>
<li><a href="https://cs-people.bu.edu/mathan/publications/edbt23-roozkhosh.pdf">Relational Memory: Native In-Memory Accesses on Rows and Columns</a>, EDBT 2023 (<strong>Paper for TQ</strong>)</li>
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