diff --git a/internal/api/bindings.h b/internal/api/bindings.h
index 5b38b7736..6bb960b4d 100644
--- a/internal/api/bindings.h
+++ b/internal/api/bindings.h
@@ -254,12 +254,22 @@ typedef struct iterator_t {
 } iterator_t;
 
 typedef struct Iterator_vtable {
-  int32_t (*next_db)(struct iterator_t,
-                     struct gas_meter_t*,
-                     uint64_t*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next)(struct iterator_t,
+                  struct gas_meter_t*,
+                  uint64_t*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next_key)(struct iterator_t,
+                      struct gas_meter_t*,
+                      uint64_t*,
+                      struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                      struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next_value)(struct iterator_t,
+                        struct gas_meter_t*,
+                        uint64_t*,
+                        struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                        struct UnmanagedVector*);
 } Iterator_vtable;
 
 typedef struct GoIter {
diff --git a/internal/api/callbacks.go b/internal/api/callbacks.go
index 0f0cdcce9..fd06b8ca4 100644
--- a/internal/api/callbacks.go
+++ b/internal/api/callbacks.go
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ typedef GoError (*write_db_fn)(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used
 typedef GoError (*remove_db_fn)(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8SliceView key, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 typedef GoError (*scan_db_fn)(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8SliceView start, U8SliceView end, int32_t order, GoIter *out, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // iterator
-typedef GoError (*next_db_fn)(iterator_t idx, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+typedef GoError (*db_next)(iterator_t idx, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+typedef GoError (*db_next_key)(iterator_t idx, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+typedef GoError (*db_next_value)(iterator_t idx, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // and api
 typedef GoError (*humanize_address_fn)(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
 typedef GoError (*canonicalize_address_fn)(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ GoError cDelete_cgo(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8Sli
 GoError cScan_cgo(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8SliceView start, U8SliceView end, int32_t order, GoIter *out, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // iterator
 GoError cNext_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+GoError cNextKey_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+GoError cNextValue_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // api
 GoError cHumanAddress_cgo(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
 GoError cCanonicalAddress_cgo(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
@@ -128,7 +132,9 @@ func buildDB(state *DBState, gm *types.GasMeter) C.Db {
 }
 
 var iterator_vtable = C.Iterator_vtable{
-	next_db: (C.next_db_fn)(C.cNext_cgo),
+	next:       (C.db_next)(C.cNext_cgo),
+	next_key:   (C.db_next_key)(C.cNextKey_cgo),
+	next_value: (C.db_next_value)(C.cNextValue_cgo),
 }
 
 // An iterator including referenced objects is 117 bytes large (calculated using https://github.com/DmitriyVTitov/size).
@@ -310,6 +316,55 @@ func cNext(ref C.iterator_t, gasMeter *C.gas_meter_t, usedGas *cu64, key *C.Unma
 	return C.GoError_None
 }
 
+//export cNextKey
+func cNextKey(ref C.iterator_t, gasMeter *C.gas_meter_t, usedGas *cu64, key *C.UnmanagedVector, errOut *C.UnmanagedVector) (ret C.GoError) {
+	return nextPart(ref, gasMeter, usedGas, key, errOut, func(iter types.Iterator) []byte { return iter.Key() })
+}
+
+//export cNextValue
+func cNextValue(ref C.iterator_t, gasMeter *C.gas_meter_t, usedGas *cu64, value *C.UnmanagedVector, errOut *C.UnmanagedVector) (ret C.GoError) {
+	return nextPart(ref, gasMeter, usedGas, value, errOut, func(iter types.Iterator) []byte { return iter.Value() })
+}
+
+// nextPart is a helper function that contains the shared code for key- and value-only iteration.
+func nextPart(ref C.iterator_t, gasMeter *C.gas_meter_t, usedGas *cu64, output *C.UnmanagedVector, errOut *C.UnmanagedVector, valFn func(types.Iterator) []byte) (ret C.GoError) {
+	// typical usage of iterator
+	// 	for ; itr.Valid(); itr.Next() {
+	// 		k, v := itr.Key(); itr.Value()
+	// 		...
+	// 	}
+
+	defer recoverPanic(&ret)
+	if ref.call_id == 0 || gasMeter == nil || usedGas == nil || output == nil || errOut == nil {
+		// we received an invalid pointer
+		return C.GoError_BadArgument
+	}
+	if !(*output).is_none || !(*errOut).is_none {
+		panic("Got a non-none UnmanagedVector we're about to override. This is a bug because someone has to drop the old one.")
+	}
+
+	gm := *(*types.GasMeter)(unsafe.Pointer(gasMeter))
+	iter := retrieveIterator(uint64(ref.call_id), uint64(ref.iterator_index))
+	if iter == nil {
+		panic("Unable to retrieve iterator.")
+	}
+	if !iter.Valid() {
+		// end of iterator, return as no-op, nil `output` is considered end
+		return C.GoError_None
+	}
+
+	gasBefore := gm.GasConsumed()
+	// call Next at the end, upon creation we have first data loaded
+	out := valFn(iter)
+	// check iter.Error() ????
+	iter.Next()
+	gasAfter := gm.GasConsumed()
+	*usedGas = (cu64)(gasAfter - gasBefore)
+
+	*output = newUnmanagedVector(out)
+	return C.GoError_None
+}
+
 var api_vtable = C.GoApi_vtable{
 	humanize_address:     (C.humanize_address_fn)(C.cHumanAddress_cgo),
 	canonicalize_address: (C.canonicalize_address_fn)(C.cCanonicalAddress_cgo),
diff --git a/internal/api/callbacks_cgo.go b/internal/api/callbacks_cgo.go
index 6cc036324..343c890a9 100644
--- a/internal/api/callbacks_cgo.go
+++ b/internal/api/callbacks_cgo.go
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ GoError cDelete(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8SliceVi
 GoError cScan(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8SliceView start, U8SliceView end, int32_t order, GoIter *out, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // imports (iterator)
 GoError cNext(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+GoError cNextKey(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
+GoError cNextValue(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *value, UnmanagedVector *errOut);
 // imports (api)
 GoError cHumanAddress(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
 GoError cCanonicalAddress(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas);
@@ -35,6 +37,12 @@ GoError cScan_cgo(db_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, U8Slice
 GoError cNext_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut) {
 	return cNext(ptr, gas_meter, used_gas, key, val, errOut);
 }
+GoError cNextKey_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *key, UnmanagedVector *errOut) {
+	return cNextKey(ptr, gas_meter, used_gas, key, errOut);
+}
+GoError cNextValue_cgo(iterator_t *ptr, gas_meter_t *gas_meter, uint64_t *used_gas, UnmanagedVector *val, UnmanagedVector *errOut) {
+	return cNextValue(ptr, gas_meter, used_gas, val, errOut);
+}
 
 // Gateway functions (api)
 GoError cCanonicalAddress_cgo(api_t *ptr, U8SliceView src, UnmanagedVector *dest, UnmanagedVector *errOut, uint64_t *used_gas) {
diff --git a/internal/api/lib_test.go b/internal/api/lib_test.go
index e4d926f40..e967ce48e 100644
--- a/internal/api/lib_test.go
+++ b/internal/api/lib_test.go
@@ -260,7 +260,8 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(0), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	t.Log(t, metrics.SizeMemoryCache)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 2
 	msg2 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "susi"}`)
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Pin
 	err = Pin(cache, checksum)
@@ -282,12 +283,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	// GetMetrics 5
 	metrics, err = GetMetrics(cache)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.2)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.25)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 3
 	msg3 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "bert"}`)
@@ -298,12 +299,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = GetMetrics(cache)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.2)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.25)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Unpin
 	err = Unpin(cache, checksum)
@@ -313,12 +314,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = GetMetrics(cache)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 4
 	msg4 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "jeff"}`)
@@ -329,12 +330,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = GetMetrics(cache)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(3), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 }
 
 func TestInstantiate(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/lib_test.go b/lib_test.go
index 0f8055b2b..e955f52df 100644
--- a/lib_test.go
+++ b/lib_test.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func TestStoreCode(t *testing.T) {
 
 		wasm := []byte{0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6d, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}
 		_, err := vm.StoreCode(wasm)
-		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "Error during static Wasm validation: Wasm contract doesn't have a memory section")
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "Error during static Wasm validation: Wasm contract must contain exactly one memory")
 	}
 
 	// No Wasm
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(0), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 2
 	msg2 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "susi"}`)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Pin
 	err = vm.Pin(checksum)
@@ -293,12 +293,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	// GetMetrics 5
 	metrics, err = vm.GetMetrics()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.2)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.25)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 3
 	msg3 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "bert"}`)
@@ -310,12 +310,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = vm.GetMetrics()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.2)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache, 0.25)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Unpin
 	err = vm.Unpin(checksum)
@@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = vm.GetMetrics()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 
 	// Instantiate 4
 	msg4 := []byte(`{"verifier": "fred", "beneficiary": "jeff"}`)
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ func TestGetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
 	metrics, err = vm.GetMetrics()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsPinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(3), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
-	require.Equal(t, uint32(1), metrics.HitsFsCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsMemoryCache)
+	require.Equal(t, uint32(2), metrics.HitsFsCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.ElementsPinnedMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(1), metrics.ElementsMemoryCache)
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), metrics.SizePinnedMemoryCache)
-	require.InEpsilon(t, 4075417, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.2)
+	require.InEpsilon(t, 2832576, metrics.SizeMemoryCache, 0.25)
 }
diff --git a/libwasmvm/Cargo.lock b/libwasmvm/Cargo.lock
index 772fb4364..93e95df97 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/Cargo.lock
+++ b/libwasmvm/Cargo.lock
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.7.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "96d30a06541fbafbc7f82ed10c06164cfbd2c401138f6addd8404629c4b16711"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atty"
 version = "0.2.14"
@@ -56,21 +62,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
  "miniz_oxide",
- "object 0.30.4",
+ "object",
  "rustc-demangle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "349a06037c7bf932dd7e7d1f653678b2038b9ad46a74102f1fc7bd7872678cce"
+checksum = "4c7f02d4ea65f2c1853089ffd8d2787bdbc63de2f0d29dedbcf8ccdfa0ccd4cf"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.13.1"
+version = "0.21.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9e1b586273c5702936fe7b7d6896644d8be71e6314cfe09d3167c95f712589e8"
+checksum = "604178f6c5c21f02dc555784810edfb88d34ac2c73b2eae109655649ee73ce3d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
@@ -116,9 +122,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bnum"
-version = "0.7.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "845141a4fade3f790628b7daaaa298a25b204fb28907eb54febe5142db6ce653"
+checksum = "128a44527fc0d6abf05f9eda748b9027536e12dff93f5acc8449f51583309350"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
@@ -154,6 +160,12 @@ version = "1.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "89b2fd2a0dcf38d7971e2194b6b6eebab45ae01067456a7fd93d5547a61b70be"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cbindgen"
 version = "0.24.5"
@@ -236,8 +248,8 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cosmwasm-crypto"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.3.0#f3d57ce2a92c55495267c426e3c9c0364bf98596"
+version = "1.4.0-beta.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.4.0-beta.1#1dc5552daee498ed9e7ea5026e5fdf433e904b63"
 dependencies = [
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "ed25519-zebra",
@@ -248,16 +260,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cosmwasm-derive"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.3.0#f3d57ce2a92c55495267c426e3c9c0364bf98596"
+version = "1.4.0-beta.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.4.0-beta.1#1dc5552daee498ed9e7ea5026e5fdf433e904b63"
 dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cosmwasm-std"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.3.0#f3d57ce2a92c55495267c426e3c9c0364bf98596"
+version = "1.4.0-beta.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.4.0-beta.1#1dc5552daee498ed9e7ea5026e5fdf433e904b63"
 dependencies = [
  "base64",
  "bnum",
@@ -275,19 +287,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cosmwasm-vm"
-version = "1.3.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.3.0#f3d57ce2a92c55495267c426e3c9c0364bf98596"
+version = "1.4.0-beta.1"
+source = "git+https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git?rev=v1.4.0-beta.1#1dc5552daee498ed9e7ea5026e5fdf433e904b63"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "bytecheck",
+ "bytes",
  "clru",
  "cosmwasm-crypto",
  "cosmwasm-std",
  "crc32fast",
+ "derivative",
  "enumset",
  "hex",
- "loupe",
- "parity-wasm",
  "schemars",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -308,56 +320,74 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-bforest"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "38faa2a16616c8e78a18d37b4726b98bfd2de192f2fdc8a39ddf568a408a0f75"
+checksum = "2a2ab4512dfd3a6f4be184403a195f76e81a8a9f9e6c898e19d2dc3ce20e0115"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-entity",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "26f192472a3ba23860afd07d2b0217dc628f21fcc72617aa1336d98e1671f33b"
+checksum = "98b022ed2a5913a38839dfbafe6cf135342661293b08049843362df4301261dc"
 dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bumpalo",
  "cranelift-bforest",
  "cranelift-codegen-meta",
  "cranelift-codegen-shared",
+ "cranelift-egraph",
  "cranelift-entity",
+ "cranelift-isle",
  "gimli 0.26.2",
  "log",
- "regalloc",
+ "regalloc2",
  "smallvec",
  "target-lexicon",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-meta"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0f32ddb89e9b89d3d9b36a5b7d7ea3261c98235a76ac95ba46826b8ec40b1a24"
+checksum = "639307b45434ad112a98f8300c0f0ab085cbefcd767efcdef9ef19d4c0756e74"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-codegen-shared"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "01fd0d9f288cc1b42d9333b7a776b17e278fc888c28e6a0f09b5573d45a150bc"
+checksum = "278e52e29c53fcf32431ef08406c295699a70306d05a0715c5b1bf50e33a9ab7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cranelift-egraph"
+version = "0.91.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "624b54323b06e675293939311943ba82d323bb340468ce1889be5da7932c8d73"
+dependencies = [
+ "cranelift-entity",
+ "fxhash",
+ "hashbrown 0.12.3",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "smallvec",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-entity"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9e3bfe172b83167604601faf9dc60453e0d0a93415b57a9c4d1a7ae6849185cf"
+checksum = "9a59bcbca89c3f1b70b93ab3cbba5e5e0cbf3e63dadb23c7525cb142e21a9d4c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cranelift-frontend"
-version = "0.82.3"
+version = "0.91.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a006e3e32d80ce0e4ba7f1f9ddf66066d052a8c884a110b91d05404d6ce26dce"
+checksum = "0d70abacb8cfef3dc8ff7e8836e9c1d70f7967dfdac824a4cd5e30223415aca6"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "log",
@@ -365,6 +395,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "target-lexicon",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cranelift-isle"
+version = "0.91.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "393bc73c451830ff8dbb3a07f61843d6cb41a084f9996319917c0b291ed785bb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crc32fast"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -419,9 +455,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-bigint"
-version = "0.4.9"
+version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ef2b4b23cddf68b89b8f8069890e8c270d54e2d5fe1b143820234805e4cb17ef"
+checksum = "cf4c2f4e1afd912bc40bfd6fed5d9dc1f288e0ba01bfcc835cc5bc3eb13efe15"
 dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
@@ -486,11 +522,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.22",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dashmap"
+version = "5.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edd72493923899c6f10c641bdbdeddc7183d6396641d99c1a0d1597f37f92e28"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.0",
+ "lock_api",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot_core",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "der"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1a467a65c5e759bce6e65eaf91cc29f466cdc57cb65777bd646872a8a1fd4de"
+checksum = "fffa369a668c8af7dbf8b5e56c9f744fbd399949ed171606040001947de40b1c"
 dependencies = [
  "const-oid",
  "zeroize",
@@ -523,6 +572,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
 dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.10.4",
+ "const-oid",
  "crypto-common",
  "subtle",
 ]
@@ -561,14 +611,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ecdsa"
-version = "0.14.8"
+version = "0.16.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "413301934810f597c1d19ca71c8710e99a3f1ba28a0d2ebc01551a2daeea3c5c"
+checksum = "a4b1e0c257a9e9f25f90ff76d7a68360ed497ee519c8e428d1825ef0000799d4"
 dependencies = [
  "der",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
  "elliptic-curve",
  "rfc6979",
  "signature",
+ "spki",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -594,13 +646,12 @@ checksum = "7fcaabb2fef8c910e7f4c7ce9f67a1283a1715879a7c230ca9d6d1ae31f16d91"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "elliptic-curve"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.13.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e7bb888ab5300a19b8e5bceef25ac745ad065f3c9f7efc6de1b91958110891d3"
+checksum = "968405c8fdc9b3bf4df0a6638858cc0b52462836ab6b1c87377785dd09cf1c0b"
 dependencies = [
  "base16ct",
  "crypto-bigint",
- "der",
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "ff",
  "generic-array",
@@ -702,9 +753,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ff"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d013fc25338cc558c5c2cfbad646908fb23591e2404481826742b651c9af7160"
+checksum = "ded41244b729663b1e574f1b4fb731469f69f79c17667b5d776b16cda0479449"
 dependencies = [
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
  "subtle",
@@ -716,6 +767,15 @@ version = "1.0.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f9eec918d3f24069decb9af1554cad7c880e2da24a9afd88aca000531ab82c1"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "form_urlencoded"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a62bc1cf6f830c2ec14a513a9fb124d0a213a629668a4186f329db21fe045652"
+dependencies = [
+ "percent-encoding",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "forward_ref"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -728,6 +788,15 @@ version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e6d5a32815ae3f33302d95fdcb2ce17862f8c65363dcfd29360480ba1001fc9c"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fxhash"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c31b6d751ae2c7f11320402d34e41349dd1016f8d5d45e48c4312bc8625af50c"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
 version = "0.14.7"
@@ -736,6 +805,7 @@ checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
  "version_check",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -768,9 +838,9 @@ checksum = "b6c80984affa11d98d1b88b66ac8853f143217b399d3c74116778ff8fdb4ed2e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "group"
-version = "0.12.1"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5dfbfb3a6cfbd390d5c9564ab283a0349b9b9fcd46a706c1eb10e0db70bfbac7"
+checksum = "f0f9ef7462f7c099f518d754361858f86d8a07af53ba9af0fe635bbccb151a63"
 dependencies = [
  "ff",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
@@ -779,21 +849,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.11.2"
+version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ab5ef0d4909ef3724cc8cce6ccc8572c5c817592e9285f5464f8e86f8bd3726e"
+checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.12.3"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash",
-]
+checksum = "2c6201b9ff9fd90a5a3bac2e56a830d0caa509576f0e503818ee82c181b3437a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "heck"
@@ -846,6 +913,16 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b9e0384b61958566e926dc50660321d12159025e767c18e043daf26b70104c39"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "idna"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7d20d6b07bfbc108882d88ed8e37d39636dcc260e15e30c45e6ba089610b917c"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-bidi",
+ "unicode-normalization",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "1.9.3"
@@ -854,7 +931,6 @@ checksum = "bd070e393353796e801d209ad339e89596eb4c8d430d18ede6a1cced8fafbd99"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
- "serde",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -894,14 +970,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "k256"
-version = "0.11.6"
+version = "0.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72c1e0b51e7ec0a97369623508396067a486bd0cbed95a2659a4b863d28cfc8b"
+checksum = "cadb76004ed8e97623117f3df85b17aaa6626ab0b0831e6573f104df16cd1bcc"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "ecdsa",
  "elliptic-curve",
+ "once_cell",
  "sha2 0.10.7",
+ "signature",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -922,16 +1000,6 @@ version = "0.2.147"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4668fb0ea861c1df094127ac5f1da3409a82116a4ba74fca2e58ef927159bb3"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "libloading"
-version = "0.7.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b67380fd3b2fbe7527a606e18729d21c6f3951633d0500574c4dc22d2d638b9f"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
 version = "0.3.8"
@@ -939,31 +1007,20 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ef53942eb7bf7ff43a617b3e2c1c4a5ecf5944a7c1bc12d7ee39bbb15e5c1519"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "log"
-version = "0.4.19"
+name = "lock_api"
+version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b06a4cde4c0f271a446782e3eff8de789548ce57dbc8eca9292c27f4a42004b4"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "loupe"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b6a72dfa44fe15b5e76b94307eeb2ff995a8c5b283b55008940c02e0c5b634d"
+checksum = "c1cc9717a20b1bb222f333e6a92fd32f7d8a18ddc5a3191a11af45dcbf4dcd16"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap",
- "loupe-derive",
- "rustversion",
+ "autocfg",
+ "scopeguard",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "loupe-derive"
-version = "0.1.3"
+name = "log"
+version = "0.4.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0fbfc88337168279f2e9ae06e157cfed4efd3316e14dc96ed074d4f2e6c5952"
-dependencies = [
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
-]
+checksum = "b06a4cde4c0f271a446782e3eff8de789548ce57dbc8eca9292c27f4a42004b4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mach"
@@ -991,9 +1048,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
-version = "0.6.5"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5aa361d4faea93603064a027415f07bd8e1d5c88c9fbf68bf56a285428fd79ce"
+checksum = "d61c719bcfbcf5d62b3a09efa6088de8c54bc0bfcd3ea7ae39fcc186108b8de1"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
@@ -1032,18 +1089,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "object"
-version = "0.28.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e42c982f2d955fac81dd7e1d0e1426a7d702acd9c98d19ab01083a6a0328c424"
-dependencies = [
- "crc32fast",
- "hashbrown 0.11.2",
- "indexmap",
- "memchr",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
 version = "0.30.4"
@@ -1072,10 +1117,23 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4d5d9eb14b174ee9aa2ef96dc2b94637a2d4b6e7cb873c7e171f0c20c6cf3eac"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parity-wasm"
-version = "0.45.0"
+name = "parking_lot_core"
+version = "0.9.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93f00c865fe7cabf650081affecd3871070f26767e7b2070a3ffae14c654b447"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall",
+ "smallvec",
+ "windows-targets",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "percent-encoding"
+version = "2.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e1ad0aff30c1da14b1254fcb2af73e1fa9a28670e584a626f53a369d0e157304"
+checksum = "9b2a4787296e9989611394c33f193f676704af1686e70b8f8033ab5ba9a35a94"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project-lite"
@@ -1085,9 +1143,9 @@ checksum = "e0a7ae3ac2f1173085d398531c705756c94a4c56843785df85a60c1a0afac116"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkcs8"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9eca2c590a5f85da82668fa685c09ce2888b9430e83299debf1f34b65fd4a4ba"
+checksum = "f950b2377845cebe5cf8b5165cb3cc1a5e0fa5cfa3e1f7f55707d8fd82e0a7b7"
 dependencies = [
  "der",
  "spki",
@@ -1208,13 +1266,14 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "regalloc"
-version = "0.0.34"
+name = "regalloc2"
+version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62446b1d3ebf980bdc68837700af1d77b37bc430e524bf95319c6eada2a4cc02"
+checksum = "300d4fbfb40c1c66a78ba3ddd41c1110247cf52f97b87d0f2fc9209bd49b030c"
 dependencies = [
+ "fxhash",
  "log",
- "rustc-hash",
+ "slice-group-by",
  "smallvec",
 ]
 
@@ -1241,13 +1300,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rfc6979"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7743f17af12fa0b03b803ba12cd6a8d9483a587e89c69445e3909655c0b9fabb"
+checksum = "f8dd2a808d456c4a54e300a23e9f5a67e122c3024119acbfd73e3bf664491cb2"
 dependencies = [
- "crypto-bigint",
  "hmac",
- "zeroize",
+ "subtle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1259,6 +1317,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitvec",
  "bytecheck",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
+ "indexmap",
  "ptr_meta",
  "rend",
  "rkyv_derive",
@@ -1284,12 +1343,6 @@ version = "0.1.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d626bb9dae77e28219937af045c257c28bfd3f69333c512553507f5f9798cb76"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rustc-hash"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
 version = "0.37.20"
@@ -1304,12 +1357,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rustversion"
-version = "1.0.12"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f3208ce4d8448b3f3e7d168a73f5e0c43a61e32930de3bceeccedb388b6bf06"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
 version = "1.0.13"
@@ -1354,9 +1401,9 @@ checksum = "1c107b6f4780854c8b126e228ea8869f4d7b71260f962fefb57b996b8959ba6b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sec1"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3be24c1842290c45df0a7bf069e0c268a747ad05a192f2fd7dcfdbc1cba40928"
+checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
 dependencies = [
  "base16ct",
  "der",
@@ -1385,12 +1432,14 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "serde_bytes"
-version = "0.11.9"
+name = "serde-wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.4.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "416bda436f9aab92e02c8e10d49a15ddd339cea90b6e340fe51ed97abb548294"
+checksum = "e3b4c031cd0d9014307d82b8abf653c0290fbdaeb4c02d00c63cf52f728628bf"
 dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
  "serde",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1452,9 +1501,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "signature"
-version = "1.6.4"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "74233d3b3b2f6d4b006dc19dee745e73e2a6bfb6f93607cd3b02bd5b00797d7c"
+checksum = "5e1788eed21689f9cf370582dfc467ef36ed9c707f073528ddafa8d83e3b8500"
 dependencies = [
  "digest 0.10.7",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
@@ -1466,6 +1515,12 @@ version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f27f6278552951f1f2b8cf9da965d10969b2efdea95a6ec47987ab46edfe263a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "slice-group-by"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "826167069c09b99d56f31e9ae5c99049e932a98c9dc2dac47645b08dbbf76ba7"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
 version = "1.10.0"
@@ -1474,9 +1529,9 @@ checksum = "a507befe795404456341dfab10cef66ead4c041f62b8b11bbb92bffe5d0953e0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "spki"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67cf02bbac7a337dc36e4f5a693db6c21e7863f45070f7064577eb4367a3212b"
+checksum = "9d1e996ef02c474957d681f1b05213dfb0abab947b446a62d37770b23500184a"
 dependencies = [
  "base64ct",
  "der",
@@ -1614,7 +1669,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8ce8c33a8d48bd45d624a6e523445fd21ec13d3653cd51f681abf67418f54eb8"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
  "tracing-core",
@@ -1646,12 +1700,38 @@ version = "1.16.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "497961ef93d974e23eb6f433eb5fe1b7930b659f06d12dec6fc44a8f554c0bba"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-bidi"
+version = "0.3.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b15811caf2415fb889178633e7724bad2509101cde276048e013b9def5e51fa0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-normalization"
+version = "0.1.22"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c5713f0fc4b5db668a2ac63cdb7bb4469d8c9fed047b1d0292cc7b0ce2ba921"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "url"
+version = "2.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "50bff7831e19200a85b17131d085c25d7811bc4e186efdaf54bbd132994a88cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "idna",
+ "percent-encoding",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -1695,6 +1775,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-downcast"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5dac026d43bcca6e7ce1c0956ba68f59edf6403e8e930a5d891be72c31a44340"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "once_cell",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-downcast-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-downcast-macros"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c5020cfa87c7cecefef118055d44e3c1fc122c7ec25701d528ee458a0b45f38f"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
 version = "0.2.87"
@@ -1726,73 +1829,65 @@ checksum = "ca6ad05a4870b2bf5fe995117d3728437bd27d7cd5f06f13c17443ef369775a1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea8d8361c9d006ea3d7797de7bd6b1492ffd0f91a22430cfda6c1658ad57bedf"
+checksum = "fc7142dbb91ede83cc0aef2301fa75fcc7e0c9e5a7d5358e3c4f3a7249fe9ce8"
 dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
  "cfg-if",
+ "derivative",
  "indexmap",
  "js-sys",
- "loupe",
  "more-asserts",
+ "rustc-demangle",
+ "serde",
+ "serde-wasm-bindgen",
  "target-lexicon",
  "thiserror",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "wasmer-artifact",
+ "wasm-bindgen-downcast",
  "wasmer-compiler",
  "wasmer-compiler-cranelift",
  "wasmer-compiler-singlepass",
  "wasmer-derive",
- "wasmer-engine",
- "wasmer-engine-dylib",
- "wasmer-engine-universal",
  "wasmer-types",
  "wasmer-vm",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-artifact"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7aaf9428c29c1d8ad2ac0e45889ba8a568a835e33fd058964e5e500f2f7ce325"
-dependencies = [
- "enumset",
- "loupe",
- "thiserror",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-types",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-compiler"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e67a6cd866aed456656db2cfea96c18baabbd33f676578482b85c51e1ee19d2c"
+checksum = "e5b99c70711ec7631b602a9fc95577c40df21e8f3916159c9d80c3fb4f77abdc"
 dependencies = [
+ "backtrace",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "enum-iterator",
  "enumset",
- "loupe",
- "rkyv",
- "serde",
- "serde_bytes",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "leb128",
+ "memmap2",
+ "more-asserts",
+ "region",
  "smallvec",
- "target-lexicon",
  "thiserror",
  "wasmer-types",
+ "wasmer-vm",
  "wasmparser",
+ "winapi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-compiler-cranelift"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48be2f9f6495f08649e4f8b946a2cbbe119faf5a654aa1457f9504a99d23dae0"
+checksum = "52aef2ef35513a04fed54de9a7dc9c469d4742a5c2e378a5f7e2a79b1327e3bd"
 dependencies = [
  "cranelift-codegen",
  "cranelift-entity",
  "cranelift-frontend",
  "gimli 0.26.2",
- "loupe",
  "more-asserts",
  "rayon",
  "smallvec",
@@ -1804,16 +1899,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-compiler-singlepass"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "29ca2a35204d8befa85062bc7aac259a8db8070b801b8a783770ba58231d729e"
+checksum = "ebfd019aa98b19fea0fb1d8db9b539145c9416d183ce4cda4e8e024b2c890aac"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "dynasm",
  "dynasmrt",
+ "enumset",
  "gimli 0.26.2",
  "lazy_static",
- "loupe",
  "more-asserts",
  "rayon",
  "smallvec",
@@ -1823,9 +1918,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-derive"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "00e50405cc2a2f74ff574584710a5f2c1d5c93744acce2ca0866084739284b51"
+checksum = "25bb1425c9e4dc3e2d3aacd6e82e22e27a3127379e0d09bcbdf25ff376229162"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -1833,164 +1928,69 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-engine"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3f98f010978c244db431b392aeab0661df7ea0822343334f8f2a920763548e45"
-dependencies = [
- "backtrace",
- "enumset",
- "lazy_static",
- "loupe",
- "memmap2",
- "more-asserts",
- "rustc-demangle",
- "serde",
- "serde_bytes",
- "target-lexicon",
- "thiserror",
- "wasmer-artifact",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-types",
- "wasmer-vm",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-engine-dylib"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ad0358af9c154724587731175553805648d9acb8f6657880d165e378672b7e53"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "enum-iterator",
- "enumset",
- "leb128",
- "libloading",
- "loupe",
- "object 0.28.4",
- "rkyv",
- "serde",
- "tempfile",
- "tracing",
- "wasmer-artifact",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-engine",
- "wasmer-object",
- "wasmer-types",
- "wasmer-vm",
- "which",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-engine-universal"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "440dc3d93c9ca47865a4f4edd037ea81bf983b5796b59b3d712d844b32dbef15"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "enumset",
- "leb128",
- "loupe",
- "region",
- "rkyv",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-engine",
- "wasmer-engine-universal-artifact",
- "wasmer-types",
- "wasmer-vm",
- "winapi",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-engine-universal-artifact"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68f1db3f54152657eb6e86c44b66525ff7801dad8328fe677da48dd06af9ad41"
-dependencies = [
- "enum-iterator",
- "enumset",
- "loupe",
- "rkyv",
- "thiserror",
- "wasmer-artifact",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-types",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-middlewares"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d7812438ed2f37203a37007cdb5332b8475cb2b16e15d51299b2647894e9ed3a"
+checksum = "acfc08fb8e2e1511f1d69302d7406ace6c0ec0c90e103f8c0a5aa81ecb9fe81f"
 dependencies = [
- "loupe",
  "wasmer",
  "wasmer-types",
  "wasmer-vm",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasmer-object"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8d831335ff3a44ecf451303f6f891175c642488036b92ceceb24ac8623a8fa8b"
-dependencies = [
- "object 0.28.4",
- "thiserror",
- "wasmer-compiler",
- "wasmer-types",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-types"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "39df01ea05dc0a9bab67e054c7cb01521e53b35a7bb90bd02eca564ed0b2667f"
+checksum = "d7e32ed799fa8c0d96ca9615d9ea8006857a0f0c18e7c2ed8082bd5c63a9ea70"
 dependencies = [
- "backtrace",
+ "bytecheck",
  "enum-iterator",
+ "enumset",
  "indexmap",
- "loupe",
  "more-asserts",
  "rkyv",
- "serde",
+ "target-lexicon",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmer-vm"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "4.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30d965fa61f4dc4cdb35a54daaf7ecec3563fbb94154a6c35433f879466247dd"
+checksum = "0847513cb176b5d62a6f65d6ae474594935e726a10e9e3387177d9cbf8b8cda0"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
  "corosensei",
+ "dashmap",
+ "derivative",
  "enum-iterator",
+ "fnv",
  "indexmap",
  "lazy_static",
  "libc",
- "loupe",
  "mach",
- "memoffset 0.6.5",
+ "memoffset 0.8.0",
  "more-asserts",
  "region",
- "rkyv",
  "scopeguard",
- "serde",
  "thiserror",
- "wasmer-artifact",
  "wasmer-types",
  "winapi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmparser"
-version = "0.83.0"
+version = "0.95.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "718ed7c55c2add6548cca3ddd6383d738cd73b892df400e96b9aa876f0141d7a"
+checksum = "f2ea896273ea99b15132414be1da01ab0d8836415083298ecaffbe308eaac87a"
+dependencies = [
+ "indexmap",
+ "url",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasmvm"
@@ -2007,17 +2007,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "which"
-version = "4.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2441c784c52b289a054b7201fc93253e288f094e2f4be9058343127c4226a269"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
- "libc",
- "once_cell",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
diff --git a/libwasmvm/Cargo.toml b/libwasmvm/Cargo.toml
index 92f0a0eea..f89ca95fe 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libwasmvm/Cargo.toml
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ default = []
 backtraces = []
 
 [dependencies]
-cosmwasm-std = { git = "https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git", rev = "v1.3.0", features = ["staking", "stargate", "iterator"] }
-cosmwasm-vm = { git = "https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git", rev = "v1.3.0", features = ["staking", "stargate", "iterator"] }
+cosmwasm-std = { git = "https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git", rev = "v1.4.0-beta.1", features = ["staking", "stargate", "iterator"] }
+cosmwasm-vm = { git = "https://github.com/CosmWasm/cosmwasm.git", rev = "v1.4.0-beta.1", features = ["staking", "stargate", "iterator"] }
 errno = "0.2"
 serde_json = "1.0.91"
 thiserror = "1.0.38"
diff --git a/libwasmvm/bindings.h b/libwasmvm/bindings.h
index 5b38b7736..6bb960b4d 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/bindings.h
+++ b/libwasmvm/bindings.h
@@ -254,12 +254,22 @@ typedef struct iterator_t {
 } iterator_t;
 
 typedef struct Iterator_vtable {
-  int32_t (*next_db)(struct iterator_t,
-                     struct gas_meter_t*,
-                     uint64_t*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*,
-                     struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next)(struct iterator_t,
+                  struct gas_meter_t*,
+                  uint64_t*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                  struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next_key)(struct iterator_t,
+                      struct gas_meter_t*,
+                      uint64_t*,
+                      struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                      struct UnmanagedVector*);
+  int32_t (*next_value)(struct iterator_t,
+                        struct gas_meter_t*,
+                        uint64_t*,
+                        struct UnmanagedVector*,
+                        struct UnmanagedVector*);
 } Iterator_vtable;
 
 typedef struct GoIter {
diff --git a/libwasmvm/src/cache.rs b/libwasmvm/src/cache.rs
index 736392187..2a5a0c74d 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/src/cache.rs
+++ b/libwasmvm/src/cache.rs
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(elements_memory_cache, 0);
         assert_approx_eq!(
             size_pinned_memory_cache,
-            4075417,
+            2282344,
             "0.2",
             "size_pinned_memory_cache: {size_pinned_memory_cache}"
         );
diff --git a/libwasmvm/src/iterator.rs b/libwasmvm/src/iterator.rs
index 565b9d1d6..00b350e29 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/src/iterator.rs
+++ b/libwasmvm/src/iterator.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub struct iterator_t {
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Iterator_vtable {
-    pub next_db: Option<
+    pub next: Option<
         extern "C" fn(
             iterator_t,
             *mut gas_meter_t,
@@ -29,6 +29,24 @@ pub struct Iterator_vtable {
             *mut UnmanagedVector, // error message output
         ) -> i32,
     >,
+    pub next_key: Option<
+        extern "C" fn(
+            iterator_t,
+            *mut gas_meter_t,
+            *mut u64,
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // key output
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // error message output
+        ) -> i32,
+    >,
+    pub next_value: Option<
+        extern "C" fn(
+            iterator_t,
+            *mut gas_meter_t,
+            *mut u64,
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // value output
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // error message output
+        ) -> i32,
+    >,
 }
 
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -48,19 +66,18 @@ impl GoIter {
     }
 
     pub fn next(&mut self) -> BackendResult<Option<Record>> {
-        let next_db = match self.vtable.next_db {
-            Some(f) => f,
-            None => {
-                let result = Err(BackendError::unknown("iterator vtable not set"));
-                return (result, GasInfo::free());
-            }
+        let Some(next) = self.vtable.next else {
+            let result = Err(BackendError::unknown(
+                "iterator vtable function 'next' not set",
+            ));
+            return (result, GasInfo::free());
         };
 
         let mut output_key = UnmanagedVector::default();
         let mut output_value = UnmanagedVector::default();
         let mut error_msg = UnmanagedVector::default();
         let mut used_gas = 0_u64;
-        let go_result: GoError = (next_db)(
+        let go_result: GoError = (next)(
             self.state,
             self.gas_meter,
             &mut used_gas as *mut u64,
@@ -97,4 +114,62 @@ impl GoIter {
         };
         (result, gas_info)
     }
+
+    pub fn next_key(&mut self) -> BackendResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let Some(next_key) = self.vtable.next_key else {
+            let result = Err(BackendError::unknown(
+                "iterator vtable function 'next_key' not set",
+            ));
+            return (result, GasInfo::free());
+        };
+        self.next_key_or_val(next_key)
+    }
+
+    pub fn next_value(&mut self) -> BackendResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let Some(next_value) = self.vtable.next_value else {
+            let result = Err(BackendError::unknown(
+                "iterator vtable function 'next_value' not set",
+            ));
+            return (result, GasInfo::free());
+        };
+        self.next_key_or_val(next_value)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn next_key_or_val(
+        &mut self,
+        next: extern "C" fn(
+            iterator_t,
+            *mut gas_meter_t,
+            *mut u64,
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // output
+            *mut UnmanagedVector, // error message output
+        ) -> i32,
+    ) -> BackendResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let mut output = UnmanagedVector::default();
+        let mut error_msg = UnmanagedVector::default();
+        let mut used_gas = 0_u64;
+        let go_result: GoError = (next)(
+            self.state,
+            self.gas_meter,
+            &mut used_gas as *mut u64,
+            &mut output as *mut UnmanagedVector,
+            &mut error_msg as *mut UnmanagedVector,
+        )
+        .into();
+        // We destruct the `UnmanagedVector`s here, no matter if we need the data.
+        let output = output.consume();
+
+        let gas_info = GasInfo::with_externally_used(used_gas);
+
+        // return complete error message (reading from buffer for GoError::Other)
+        let default = || "Failed to fetch next item from iterator".to_string();
+        unsafe {
+            if let Err(err) = go_result.into_result(error_msg, default) {
+                return (Err(err), gas_info);
+            }
+        }
+
+        (Ok(output), gas_info)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/libwasmvm/src/storage.rs b/libwasmvm/src/storage.rs
index aafa19f60..fc7a75046 100644
--- a/libwasmvm/src/storage.rs
+++ b/libwasmvm/src/storage.rs
@@ -104,18 +104,37 @@ impl Storage for GoStorage {
     }
 
     fn next(&mut self, iterator_id: u32) -> BackendResult<Option<Record>> {
-        let iterator = match self.iterators.get_mut(&iterator_id) {
-            Some(i) => i,
-            None => {
-                return (
-                    Err(BackendError::iterator_does_not_exist(iterator_id)),
-                    GasInfo::free(),
-                )
-            }
+        let Some(iterator) = self.iterators.get_mut(&iterator_id) else {
+            return (
+                Err(BackendError::iterator_does_not_exist(iterator_id)),
+                GasInfo::free(),
+            );
         };
         iterator.next()
     }
 
+    fn next_key(&mut self, iterator_id: u32) -> BackendResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let Some(iterator) = self.iterators.get_mut(&iterator_id) else {
+            return (
+                Err(BackendError::iterator_does_not_exist(iterator_id)),
+                GasInfo::free(),
+            );
+        };
+
+        iterator.next_key()
+    }
+
+    fn next_value(&mut self, iterator_id: u32) -> BackendResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let Some(iterator) = self.iterators.get_mut(&iterator_id) else {
+            return (
+                Err(BackendError::iterator_does_not_exist(iterator_id)),
+                GasInfo::free(),
+            );
+        };
+
+        iterator.next_value()
+    }
+
     fn set(&mut self, key: &[u8], value: &[u8]) -> BackendResult<()> {
         let mut error_msg = UnmanagedVector::default();
         let mut used_gas = 0_u64;