Description

This PR adds a diagnostic and recipes to calculate the Transient Climate Response to Emissions (TCRE). For CMIP7, this can be simply calculated from the esm-flat10 experiment as the change in global mean temperature averaged between years 90 and 110 of that simulation (see https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3356). However, if cumulative emissions are known (CMIP variable fco2antt), TCRE can be calculated for any experiment with rising emissions.

The implementation here uses the latter approach (so we can also calculate it for CMIP6), but this is 100% compatible with the desired approach using the CMIP7 esm-flat10 experiment outlined in the paper mentioned above.

Example plot:

• Closes Add Transient climate response to cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide (TCRE) for REF #3879
• Link to documentation: https://esmvaltool--3904.org.readthedocs.build/en/3904/recipes/recipe_tcre.html

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