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update and combine drought diagnostics #3907
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Here is an overview of my updates to make it easier to follow the code changes:
spei.R
collect_droughts.py
utils.py
TODOs:
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Meteorological droughts are often described using the standardized precipitation index (SPI; McKee et al, 1993), which in a standardized way describes local precipitation anomalies. It is calculated on monthly mean precipitation, and is therefore not accounting for the intensity of precipitation and the runoff process. Because SPI does not account for evaporation from the ground, it lacks one component of the water fluxes at the surface and is therefore not compatible with the concept of hydrological drought. | ||
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A hydrological drought occurs when low water supply becomes evident, especially in streams, reservoirs, and groundwater levels, usually after extended periods of meteorological drought. GCMs normally do not simulate hydrological processes in sufficient detail to give deeper insights into hydrological drought processes. Neither do they properly describe agricultural droughts, when crops become affected by the hydrological drought. However, hydrological drought can be estimated by accounting for evapotranspiration, and thereby estimate the surface retention of water. The standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI; Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010) has been developed to also account for temperature effects on the surface water fluxes. Evapotranspiration is not normally calculated in GCMs, so SPEI often takes other inputs to estimate the evapotranspiration. Here, the Thornthwaite (Thornthwaite, 1948) method based on temperature is applied. |
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Update last sentence to all three methods.
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The recipe_spei.R only uses one method, but I agree that it can be missleading to mention only one method in a otherwise very general introduction. I also think there are other more important reasons for the SPEI to consider PET, than missing calculations in GCMs.
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