diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/answer/entity/Answer.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/answer/entity/Answer.java
index 6708558..2523fc3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/answer/entity/Answer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/answer/entity/Answer.java
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public void suspend() {
 
     public String getDisplayContent() {
         if (this.deletedAt != null) {
-            return "삭제된 답변입니다.";
+            return "사용자가 삭제한 답변입니다.";
         } else if (this.suspendAt != null) {
             return "관리자에 의해 삭제된 답변입니다.";
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/bookmark/service/BookmarkService.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/bookmark/service/BookmarkService.java
index 6ffc1f6..cd14dba 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/bookmark/service/BookmarkService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/bookmark/service/BookmarkService.java
@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.common.exception.GlobalException;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.entity.PublicService;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.repository.PublicServiceRepository;
-import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.service.PublicServiceHandler;
-import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.service.mongodb.ServiceMatchedHandler;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.user.entity.User;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.user.repository.UserRepository;
-import jakarta.transaction.Transactional;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+
 
 import static com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.common.exception.ErrorCode.*;
 
+@Slf4j
 @Service
 @Transactional
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ public class BookmarkService {
     private final BookmarkRepository bookmarkRepository;
     private final UserRepository userRepository;
     private final PublicServiceRepository publicServiceRepository;
-    private final ServiceMatchedHandler serviceMatchedHandler;
 
     public void addBookmark(String serviceId, Long userId) {
         User user = userRepository.findById(userId)
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ public void addBookmark(String serviceId, Long userId) {
         // 북마크 수 증가
         publicService.increaseBookmarkCount();
         publicServiceRepository.save(publicService);
-        // 캐시 무효화 추가
-        serviceMatchedHandler.refreshMatchedServicesCache(userId);
     }
 
     @Transactional
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ public void removeBookmark(String serviceId, Long userId) {
         PublicService publicService = bookmark.getPublicService();
         publicService.decreaseBookmarkCount();
         publicServiceRepository.save(publicService);
-        // 캐시 무효화 추가
-        serviceMatchedHandler.refreshMatchedServicesCache(userId);
     }
+
+
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/comment/entity/Comment.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/comment/entity/Comment.java
index 4f34fd4..43c6486 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/comment/entity/Comment.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/comment/entity/Comment.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public void suspend() {
 
     public String getDisplayContent() {
         if (this.deletedAt != null) {
-            return "삭제된 댓글입니다.";
+            return "사용자가 삭제한 댓글입니다.";
         } else if (this.suspendAt != null) {
             return "관리자에 의해 삭제된 댓글입니다.";
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/config/SecurityConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/config/SecurityConfig.java
index 719bb1e..ef1b20c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/config/SecurityConfig.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/config/SecurityConfig.java
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
   public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
     org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration configuration = new org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration();
     configuration.addAllowedOrigin("http://localhost:3000"); // 개발 환경
+    configuration.addAllowedOrigin("https://hyetaekon.netlify.app");
     configuration.addAllowedOrigin("https://hyetaek-on.co.kr"); // 혜택온 도메인
     configuration.addAllowedOrigin("https://www.hyetaek-on.co.kr");
     configuration.addAllowedMethod("*"); // 모든 HTTP 메서드 허용
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/jwt/JwtAuthenticationFilter.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/jwt/JwtAuthenticationFilter.java
index a53a431..2ca50cb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/jwt/JwtAuthenticationFilter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/common/jwt/JwtAuthenticationFilter.java
@@ -43,20 +43,42 @@ protected void doFilterInternal(
 
         // access token이 있고, BEARER로 시작한다면
         if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith(BEARER)) {
-            String token = authHeader.substring(BEARER.length());
-            // 토큰 검증
-            if (jwtTokenProvider.validateToken(token)) {
-                // 유효한 토큰: 유저 정보 가져옴
-                Authentication authentication = jwtTokenProvider.getAuthentication(token);
-
-                // 관리자 API 접근 시 추가 검증
-                if (isAdminRequest && !hasAdminRole(authentication.getAuthorities())) {
-                    log.warn("관리자 권한 없이 관리자 리소스에 접근 시도: {}", requestURI);
-                    sendAccessDeniedResponse(response);
-                    return;
+            String token = authHeader.substring(BEARER.length()).trim(); // trim 추가
+
+            try {
+                // 토큰 검증
+                if (jwtTokenProvider.validateToken(token)) {
+                    // 유효한 토큰: 유저 정보 가져옴
+                    Authentication authentication = jwtTokenProvider.getAuthentication(token);
+
+                    // 관리자 API 접근 시 추가 검증
+                    if (isAdminRequest && !hasAdminRole(authentication.getAuthorities())) {
+                        log.warn("관리자 권한 없이 관리자 리소스에 접근 시도: {}", requestURI);
+                        sendAccessDeniedResponse(response);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
+                } else {
+                    // 토큰이 유효하지 않은 경우 - 관리자 API는 차단, 일반 API는 진행
+                    if (isAdminRequest) {
+                        log.warn("유효하지 않은 토큰으로 관리자 리소스 접근 시도: {}", requestURI);
+                        sendUnauthorizedResponse(response);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // 일반 API는 인증 없이도 접근 가능한 경우가 있으므로 계속 진행
                 }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // 토큰 처리 중 예외 발생
+                log.error("JWT 토큰 처리 중 오류 발생 - URI: {}, Error: {}", requestURI, e.getMessage());
 
-                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
+                if (isAdminRequest) {
+                    // 관리자 API는 예외 발생 시 차단
+                    sendUnauthorizedResponse(response);
+                    return;
+                }
+                // 일반 API는 인증 실패로 처리하고 서비스 계속 진행 (SecurityContext 비워둠)
+                SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
             }
         } else if (isAdminRequest) {
             // 관리자 API 접근 시 토큰 없으면 Unauthorized 응답
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostDetailResponseDto.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostDetailResponseDto.java
index 6335aa6..dd558bd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostDetailResponseDto.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostDetailResponseDto.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public class PostDetailResponseDto {
     private String urlTitle;
     private String urlPath;
     private String tags;
-    private List<String> imageUrls; // ✅ 이미지 URL 리스트 추가
+    private List<PostImageResponseDto> images;
     private boolean recommended; // 현재 로그인한 사용자의 추천 여부
+
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostImageResponseDto.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostImageResponseDto.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7973c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/dto/PostImageResponseDto.java
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.post.dto;
+
+import lombok.*;
+
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Builder
+@NoArgsConstructor
+@AllArgsConstructor
+public class PostImageResponseDto {
+    private Long imageId;          // 이미지 ID
+    private String imageUrl;  // 이미지 URL
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/entity/Post.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/entity/Post.java
index 26d1f78..1be58ae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/entity/Post.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/entity/Post.java
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public void suspend() {
 
     public String getDisplayContent() {
         if (this.deletedAt != null) {
-            return "삭제된 게시글입니다.";
+            return "사용자가 삭제한 게시글입니다.";
         } else if (this.suspendAt != null) {
             return "관리자에 의해 삭제된 게시글입니다.";
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostImageMapper.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostImageMapper.java
index d795d9c..fb6695f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostImageMapper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostImageMapper.java
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.post.mapper;
 
+import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.post.dto.PostImageResponseDto;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.post.entity.Post;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.post.entity.PostImage;
 import org.mapstruct.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.Mapping;
 import org.mapstruct.ReportingPolicy;
 
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -13,6 +15,22 @@
 @Mapper(componentModel = "spring", unmappedTargetPolicy = ReportingPolicy.IGNORE)
 public interface PostImageMapper {
 
+    // PostImage를 PostImageResponseDto로 변환
+    @Mapping(source = "id", target = "imageId")
+    PostImageResponseDto toResponseDto(PostImage postImage);
+
+    // List 변환
+    default List<PostImageResponseDto> toResponseDtoList(List<PostImage> postImages) {
+        if (postImages == null || postImages.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+
+        return postImages.stream()
+            .filter(img -> img.getDeletedAt() == null)
+            .map(this::toResponseDto)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
     // 게시글 이미지 변환
     default PostImage toPostImage(String url, Post post) {
         if (url == null || post == null) {
@@ -35,16 +53,4 @@ default List<PostImage> toEntityList(List<String> uploadedUrls, Post post) {
             .collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
-    // List<PostImage> → List<String> 변환
-    default List<String> toImageUrls(List<PostImage> postImages) {
-        if (postImages == null || postImages.isEmpty()) {
-            return Collections.emptyList();
-        }
-
-        return postImages.stream()
-            .filter(img -> img.getDeletedAt() == null)
-            .map(PostImage::getImageUrl)
-            .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostMapper.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostMapper.java
index 6d5d86d..7c696ef 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostMapper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/post/mapper/PostMapper.java
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public interface PostMapper {
     @Mapping(target = "content", expression = "java(post.getDisplayContent())")
     @Mapping(source = "postType.koreanName", target = "postType")
     @Mapping(target = "recommended", constant = "false")
-    @Mapping(source = "postImages", target = "imageUrls")
+    @Mapping(source = "postImages", target = "images")
     PostDetailResponseDto toPostDetailDto(Post post);
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/controller/mongodb/ServiceMatchedController.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/controller/mongodb/ServiceMatchedController.java
index fe59802..ee9ab37 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/controller/mongodb/ServiceMatchedController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/controller/mongodb/ServiceMatchedController.java
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.controller.mongodb;
 
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.common.jwt.CustomUserDetails;
-import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.common.util.AuthenticateUser;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.dto.PublicServiceListResponseDto;
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.publicservice.service.mongodb.ServiceMatchedHandler;
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Max;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/entity/CacheType.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/entity/CacheType.java
index e09d57d..2c054a9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/entity/CacheType.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/entity/CacheType.java
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 public enum CacheType {
     SERVICE_AUTOCOMPLETE("serviceAutocomplete", 2, 1200),   // 자동완성 캐시
     FILTER_OPTIONS("filterOptions", 24, 50),              // 필터 옵션 캐시 (하루 유지)
-    MATCHED_SERVICES("matchedServices", 2, 100),          // 맞춤 서비스 캐시
     SERVICE_BASIC_INFO("serviceBasicInfo", 12, 1000);     // 서비스 기본 정보 캐시
 
     private final String cacheName;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/service/mongodb/ServiceMatchedHandler.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/service/mongodb/ServiceMatchedHandler.java
index 499d2b8..6dbf262 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/service/mongodb/ServiceMatchedHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/publicservice/service/mongodb/ServiceMatchedHandler.java
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 import com.hyetaekon.hyetaekon.userInterest.repository.UserInterestRepository;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
-import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
-import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
@@ -40,7 +38,6 @@ public class ServiceMatchedHandler {
     /**
      * 사용자 맞춤 공공서비스 추천 - 사용자 정보 및 검색 기록 기반
      */
-    @Cacheable(value = "matchedServices", key = "#userId", unless = "#result.isEmpty()")
     public List<PublicServiceListResponseDto> getPersonalizedServices(Long userId, int size) {
         // 사용자 정보 조회
         User user = userRepository.findById(userId)
@@ -89,8 +86,4 @@ public List<PublicServiceListResponseDto> getPersonalizedServices(Long userId, i
             .collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
-    @CacheEvict(value = "matchedServices", key = "#userId")
-    public void refreshMatchedServicesCache(Long userId) {
-        // 캐시 갱신 메서드
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/searchHistory/Service/SearchHistoryService.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/searchHistory/Service/SearchHistoryService.java
index b96c4b5..6d0f43b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/searchHistory/Service/SearchHistoryService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/searchHistory/Service/SearchHistoryService.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 public class SearchHistoryService {
-
     private final RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
 
     // Redis 키 관련 상수
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/user/controller/UserController.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/user/controller/UserController.java
index 40af042..b10db73 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/user/controller/UserController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/user/controller/UserController.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public ResponseEntity<UserSignUpResponseDto> registerUser(@RequestBody @Valid Us
     return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(userSignUpResponseDto);
   }
 
-  // 회원 정보 조회 api
+  // 개인 정보 조회 api
   @GetMapping("/users/me")
   public ResponseEntity<UserResponseDto> getMyInfo(@AuthenticationPrincipal CustomUserDetails userDetails) {
     Long userId = userDetails.getId();
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ public ResponseEntity<UserResponseDto> getMyInfo(@AuthenticationPrincipal Custom
     return ResponseEntity.ok(userInfo);
   }
 
+  // 타회원 정보 조회
   @GetMapping("/users/{userId}")
   public ResponseEntity<UserResponseDto> getUserById(@PathVariable Long userId) {
     UserResponseDto user = userService.getUserById(userId);
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ public ResponseEntity<UserResponseDto> getUserById(@PathVariable Long userId) {
   }
 
 
-  // 회원 정보 수정 api
+  // 개인 정보 수정 api
   @PutMapping("/users/me/profile")
   public ResponseEntity<UserResponseDto> updateMyProfile(
       @AuthenticationPrincipal CustomUserDetails userDetails,
@@ -86,18 +87,6 @@ public ResponseEntity<Void> updateMyPassword(
   }
 
   // 회원 탈퇴
-  /*@DeleteMapping("/users/me")
-  public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(
-      @AuthenticationPrincipal CustomUserDetails customUserDetails,
-      @RequestBody UserDeleteRequestDto deleteRequestDto,
-      @CookieValue(name = "refreshToken", required = false) String refreshToken,
-      @RequestHeader("Authorization") String authHeader
-  ) {
-    String accessToken = authHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
-    userService.deleteUser(customUserDetails.getId(), deleteRequestDto.getDeleteReason(), accessToken, refreshToken);
-
-    return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
-  }*/
   @DeleteMapping("/users/me")
   public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(
       @AuthenticationPrincipal CustomUserDetails userDetails,
@@ -105,29 +94,26 @@ public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(
       @CookieValue(name = "refreshToken", required = false) String refreshToken,
       @RequestHeader("Authorization") String authHeader
   ) {
-    log.debug("회원 탈퇴 요청 - 인증 객체: {}", userDetails);
+    String accessToken = authHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
 
+    // 인증 객체가 null인 경우 토큰에서 직접 사용자 정보 추출
     if (userDetails == null) {
-      // 인증 객체가 null일 경우 토큰에서 직접 정보 추출
       try {
-        String token = authHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
-        Claims claims = jwtTokenParser.parseClaims(token);
+        Claims claims = jwtTokenParser.parseClaims(accessToken);
         String realId = claims.getSubject();
 
         User user = userRepository.findByRealIdAndDeletedAtIsNull(realId)
             .orElseThrow(() -> new GlobalException(ErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND_BY_REAL_ID));
 
-        userService.deleteUser(user.getId(), deleteRequestDto.getDeleteReason(), token, refreshToken);
-        return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
+        userService.deleteUser(user.getId(), deleteRequestDto.getDeleteReason(), accessToken, refreshToken);
       } catch (Exception e) {
-        log.error("회원 탈퇴 처리 실패: {}", e.getMessage());
         throw new GlobalException(ErrorCode.DELETE_USER_DENIED);
       }
+    } else {
+      // 정상적인 인증 객체가 있는 경우
+      userService.deleteUser(userDetails.getId(), deleteRequestDto.getDeleteReason(), accessToken, refreshToken);
     }
 
-    // 기존 로직
-    String accessToken = authHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
-    userService.deleteUser(userDetails.getId(), deleteRequestDto.getDeleteReason(), accessToken, refreshToken);
     return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
   }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/controller/UserInterestController.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/controller/UserInterestController.java
index 3de8529..3b64267 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/controller/UserInterestController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/controller/UserInterestController.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class UserInterestController {
 
     private final UserInterestService userInterestService;
 
-    // 선택할 키워드 목록 조회
+    // 선택할 관심사 목록 조회
     @GetMapping
     public ResponseEntity<CategorizedInterestsResponseDto> getAvailableInterests() {
         // Enum에서 카테고리별 displayName 값 추출
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public ResponseEntity<CategorizedInterestsResponseDto> getAvailableInterests() {
         return ResponseEntity.ok(new CategorizedInterestsResponseDto(categorizedInterests));
     }
 
-    // 모든 관심사와 사용자 선택 여부 조회
+    // 선택한 관심사 목록 조회
     @GetMapping("/me")
     public ResponseEntity<CategorizedInterestsWithSelectionDto> getMyInterestsWithSelection(
         @AuthenticationPrincipal CustomUserDetails userDetails) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/entity/UserInterest.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/entity/UserInterest.java
index fb696c2..b7ace16 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/entity/UserInterest.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/entity/UserInterest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public class UserInterest {
     @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
     private Long id;
 
-    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
+    @ManyToOne
     @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false)
     private User user;
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/service/UserInterestService.java b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/service/UserInterestService.java
index ff459c2..32ca2d9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/service/UserInterestService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/hyetaekon/hyetaekon/userInterest/service/UserInterestService.java
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public void saveUserInterests(Long userId, List<String> selectedInterests) {
             }
         }
 
-        User user = userRepository.findByIdAndDeletedAtIsNull(userId)
+        User user = userRepository.findByIdAndDeletedAtIsNullWithInterests(userId)
             .orElseThrow(() -> new GlobalException(ErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND_BY_ID));
 
         // 기존 관심사 제거