diff --git a/app/agent/base.py b/app/agent/base.py
index 65f660073..2f28ddd5b 100644
--- a/app/agent/base.py
+++ b/app/agent/base.py
@@ -4,13 +4,16 @@
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
+import torch
+from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer, util
+
 from app.llm import LLM
 from app.logger import logger
 from app.sandbox.client import SANDBOX_CLIENT
 from app.schema import ROLE_TYPE, AgentState, Memory, Message
 
 
-class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC):
+class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC):  # ABC：用于规范子类行为，例如step()方法，如果子类不实现就无法初始化
     """Abstract base class for managing agent state and execution.
 
     Provides foundational functionality for state transitions, memory management,
@@ -30,10 +33,10 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC):
     )
 
     # Dependencies
-    llm: LLM = Field(default_factory=LLM, description="Language model instance")
-    memory: Memory = Field(default_factory=Memory, description="Agent's memory store")
-    state: AgentState = Field(
-        default=AgentState.IDLE, description="Current agent state"
+    llm: LLM = Field(default_factory=LLM, description="Language model instance")  # default_factory和default是有区别的
+    memory: Memory = Field(default_factory=Memory, description="Agent's memory store")  # default写法使得所有BaseAgent实例
+    state: AgentState = Field(  # 共享一样Memory实例; 而default_factory写法在每次实例化BaseAgent时都会调用一次Memory进行实例化
+        default=AgentState.IDLE, description="Current agent state"  # default写法对于一些可变对象是危险的(dict、list、自定义类等)
     )
 
     # Execution control
@@ -41,12 +44,19 @@ class BaseAgent(BaseModel, ABC):
     current_step: int = Field(default=0, description="Current step in execution")
 
     duplicate_threshold: int = 2
+    duplicate_count: int = 1
+    embedding_model: SentenceTransformer = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: SentenceTransformer("all-MiniLM-L6-v2")
+    )
+    # store the embedding of the pre AI msg, avoiding calculate it again:
+    last_msg_emb: dict = Field(default=dict())
 
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
-        extra = "allow"  # Allow extra fields for flexibility in subclasses
+    class Config:  # Pydantic模型中的一个内部配置类，不同于python中的Config类
+        arbitrary_types_allowed = True  # 除了标准类型（如int、str）和已注册的Pydantic模型，可以使用自定义类作为字段类型，如前面 llm: LLM=...
+        extra = "allow"  # Allow extra fields for flexibility in subclasses（如果设置为forbid，传入了模型中未定义的字段时会抛出错误，
+        # 而现在这些字段会被保留在 .model_extra 中）
 
-    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    @model_validator(mode="after")  # 在模型初始化完成后执行额外逻辑。
     def initialize_agent(self) -> "BaseAgent":
         """Initialize agent with default settings if not provided."""
         if self.llm is None or not isinstance(self.llm, LLM):
@@ -55,7 +65,7 @@ def initialize_agent(self) -> "BaseAgent":
             self.memory = Memory()
         return self
 
-    @asynccontextmanager
+    @asynccontextmanager  # 装饰器，用于定义异步上下文管理器，可以用async with来使用它
     async def state_context(self, new_state: AgentState):
         """Context manager for safe agent state transitions.
 
@@ -74,11 +84,13 @@ async def state_context(self, new_state: AgentState):
         previous_state = self.state
         self.state = new_state
         try:
-            yield
-        except Exception as e:
+            yield  # 上下文管理器的核心：
+            # 把控制权暂时交给 async with 块中的代码（即下方的 async with self.state_context(AgentState.RUNNING) ）
+            # 在代码块执行期间，agent的状态为 `new_state`
+        except Exception as e:  # 如果async with块中的代码发生错误，则修改状态并抛出异常
             self.state = AgentState.ERROR  # Transition to ERROR on failure
             raise e
-        finally:
+        finally:  # 无论最后是否发生异常，都将状态恢复成原来的状态
             self.state = previous_state  # Revert to previous state
 
     def update_memory(
@@ -141,19 +153,24 @@ async def run(self, request: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
                 step_result = await self.step()
 
                 # Check for stuck state
-                if self.is_stuck():
+                # if self.is_stuck():
+                #     self.handle_stuck_state()
+                self.update_duplicate_count()
+                if self.duplicate_count == 2:
                     self.handle_stuck_state()
+                elif self.duplicate_count > 2:
+                    self.state = AgentState.FINISHED
 
                 results.append(f"Step {self.current_step}: {step_result}")
 
+            self.state = AgentState.IDLE
             if self.current_step >= self.max_steps:
                 self.current_step = 0
-                self.state = AgentState.IDLE
                 results.append(f"Terminated: Reached max steps ({self.max_steps})")
         await SANDBOX_CLIENT.cleanup()
         return "\n".join(results) if results else "No steps executed"
 
-    @abstractmethod
+    @abstractmethod  # 抽象方法，当前（父类）只定义接口，不提供逻辑，且要求子类必须实现
     async def step(self) -> str:
         """Execute a single step in the agent's workflow.
 
@@ -167,6 +184,34 @@ def handle_stuck_state(self):
         self.next_step_prompt = f"{stuck_prompt}\n{self.next_step_prompt}"
         logger.warning(f"Agent detected stuck state. Added prompt: {stuck_prompt}")
 
+    def update_duplicate_count(self):
+        """Update the duplicate count of the agent's memory."""
+        if len(self.memory.messages) < 2:
+            return
+
+        last_message = self.memory.messages[-1]
+        if not last_message.content:
+            return
+
+        pre_content = None
+        if last_message.role not in self.last_msg_emb:
+            for msg in reversed(self.memory.messages[:-1]):
+                if msg.role == last_message.role:
+                    pre_content = msg.content
+                    break
+            if not pre_content:
+                return
+            self.last_msg_emb[last_message.role] = self.embedding_model.encode(pre_content, convert_to_tensor=True)
+
+        # calculate the semantic similarity of the last two AI message:
+        latest_emb = self.embedding_model.encode(last_message.content, convert_to_tensor=True)
+        similarity = util.cos_sim(self.last_msg_emb[last_message.role], latest_emb).item()
+        if similarity > 0.8:
+            self.duplicate_count += 1
+        elif self.duplicate_count != 1:  # reset it if not detecting duplicate content
+            self.duplicate_count = 1
+        self.last_msg_emb[last_message.role] = latest_emb
+
     def is_stuck(self) -> bool:
         """Check if the agent is stuck in a loop by detecting duplicate content"""
         if len(self.memory.messages) < 2:
diff --git a/app/agent/toolcall.py b/app/agent/toolcall.py
index 65f31d988..a9765547f 100644
--- a/app/agent/toolcall.py
+++ b/app/agent/toolcall.py
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ async def act(self) -> str:
             )
             self.memory.add_message(tool_msg)
             results.append(result)
+            if self.state == AgentState.FINISHED:  # if the tool used now is Terminate, stop to execute other tools.
+                break
 
         return "\n\n".join(results)
 
@@ -245,6 +247,6 @@ async def cleanup(self):
     async def run(self, request: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """Run the agent with cleanup when done."""
         try:
-            return await super().run(request)
+            return await super().run(request)  # 执行完后先不return，先执行finally，最后再return
         finally:
             await self.cleanup()
diff --git a/app/config.py b/app/config.py
index a881e2a5e..e47310b95 100644
--- a/app/config.py
+++ b/app/config.py
@@ -106,8 +106,9 @@ class SandboxSettings(BaseModel):
 
 
 class DaytonaSettings(BaseModel):
+    # BaseModel: Pydantic提供的核心类，可以根据传入的字典的字段定义自动构造实例，如果传入字典没有某个字段，按照默认值设置
     daytona_api_key: str
-    daytona_server_url: Optional[str] = Field(
+    daytona_server_url: Optional[str] = Field(  # Field: Pydantic提供的函数，可用于设置默认值、元数据（如描述）以及验证规则
         "https://app.daytona.io/api", description=""
     )
     daytona_target: Optional[str] = Field("us", description="enum ['eu', 'us']")
@@ -196,17 +197,17 @@ class Config:
 
 class Config:
     _instance = None
-    _lock = threading.Lock()
+    _lock = threading.Lock()  # 线程锁，用于确保在多线程环境下，只有一个线程能进入临界区，避免并发创建多个实例
     _initialized = False
 
     def __new__(cls):
         if cls._instance is None:
-            with cls._lock:
-                if cls._instance is None:
-                    cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
+            with cls._lock:  # 进入锁保护区域，其它线程必须等待锁释放后才能进入
+                if cls._instance is None:  # 双重检查
+                    cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)  # 创建新实例
         return cls._instance
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self):  # __new__后自动调用
         if not self._initialized:
             with self._lock:
                 if not self._initialized:
diff --git a/app/llm.py b/app/llm.py
index 82ebe8857..522f961e2 100644
--- a/app/llm.py
+++ b/app/llm.py
@@ -172,21 +172,21 @@ def count_message_tokens(self, messages: List[dict]) -> int:
 
 
 class LLM:
-    _instances: Dict[str, "LLM"] = {}
+    _instances: Dict[str, "LLM"] = {}  # 一个类级别的缓存字典，键是config_name，值是对应的LLM实例，以实现“每个配置只创建一次LLM实例”
 
-    def __new__(
+    def __new__(  # 在__init__之前调用
         cls, config_name: str = "default", llm_config: Optional[LLMSettings] = None
     ):
-        if config_name not in cls._instances:
-            instance = super().__new__(cls)
-            instance.__init__(config_name, llm_config)
-            cls._instances[config_name] = instance
-        return cls._instances[config_name]
+        if config_name not in cls._instances:  # 如果这个配置名没有被创建过，那么
+            instance = super().__new__(cls)  # 创建一个新实例
+            instance.__init__(config_name, llm_config)  # 由于__new__会绕过自动调用__init__，因此必须显示调用它，否则对象不会被初始化
+            cls._instances[config_name] = instance  # 缓存起来
+        return cls._instances[config_name]  # 返回缓存对象
 
     def __init__(
         self, config_name: str = "default", llm_config: Optional[LLMSettings] = None
     ):
-        if not hasattr(self, "client"):  # Only initialize if not already initialized
+        if not hasattr(self, "client"):  # Only initialize if not already initialized（因为__new__可能会多次返回同一个实例）
             llm_config = llm_config or config.llm
             llm_config = llm_config.get(config_name, llm_config["default"])
             self.model = llm_config.model
@@ -635,9 +635,10 @@ async def ask_with_images(
             raise
 
     @retry(
-        wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60),
+        wait=wait_random_exponential(min=1, max=60),  # 指数退避+随即抖动: 每次等待时间呈指数级增长，但限制在[1s,60s]间，
+        # 并增加随机抖动以避免客户端同时失败后在同一时间点同时重试，即等待时间不是严格的指数数值
         stop=stop_after_attempt(6),
-        retry=retry_if_exception_type(
+        retry=retry_if_exception_type(  # 只在发生以下error时重试
             (OpenAIError, Exception, ValueError)
         ),  # Don't retry TokenLimitExceeded
     )
diff --git a/app/schema.py b/app/schema.py
index 5f743f92f..6a9670014 100644
--- a/app/schema.py
+++ b/app/schema.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 
-class Role(str, Enum):
+class Role(str, Enum):  # 表示定义一个枚举类，该类的每个成员都是str型
     """Message role options"""
 
     SYSTEM = "system"
@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ def to_dict(self) -> dict:
             message["base64_image"] = self.base64_image
         return message
 
-    @classmethod
+    @classmethod  # 一种工厂方法，第一个参数必须是cls表示当前类。该方法可以通过类名或实例调用，但它不会访问实例的属性，智能访问类级别的东西
     def user_message(
         cls, content: str, base64_image: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> "Message":
         """Create a user message"""
-        return cls(role=Role.USER, content=content, base64_image=base64_image)
+        return cls(role=Role.USER, content=content, base64_image=base64_image)  # cls(...)表示用当前类构造一个实例
 
     @classmethod
     def system_message(cls, content: str) -> "Message":
diff --git a/app/tool/base.py b/app/tool/base.py
index fdb8b7d3a..83560576d 100644
--- a/app/tool/base.py
+++ b/app/tool/base.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 class ToolResult(BaseModel):
     """Represents the result of a tool execution."""
 
-    output: Any = Field(default=None)
+    output: Any = Field(default=None)  # 这里使用的是default方法，因此可以跨实例共享参数，实现工具使用结果的累积
     error: Optional[str] = Field(default=None)
     base64_image: Optional[str] = Field(default=None)
     system: Optional[str] = Field(default=None)
diff --git a/app/tool/browser_use_tool.py b/app/tool/browser_use_tool.py
index 449e8e558..ff8cd7302 100644
--- a/app/tool/browser_use_tool.py
+++ b/app/tool/browser_use_tool.py
@@ -383,14 +383,18 @@ async def execute(
 
                     content = markdownify.markdownify(await page.content())
 
-                    prompt = f"""\
-Your task is to extract the content of the page. You will be given a page and a goal, and you should extract all relevant information around this goal from the page. If the goal is vague, summarize the page. Respond in json format.
-Extraction goal: {goal}
-
-Page content:
-{content[:max_content_length]}
-"""
-                    messages = [{"role": "system", "content": prompt}]
+                    system_prompt = """Your task is to extract the content of the page. You will be given a page and \
+                    a goal, and you should extract all relevant information around this goal from the page. If the goal\
+                     is vague, summarize the page. Respond in json format."""
+                    user_prompt = f"""Extraction goal: {goal}
+
+                    Page content:
+                    {content[:max_content_length]}"""
+
+                    messages = [  # if the llm model the Manus use is gemini, the messages must contain user message.
+                        {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
+                        {"role": "user", "content": user_prompt},
+                    ]
 
                     # Define extraction function schema
                     extraction_function = {
diff --git a/app/tool/create_chat_completion.py b/app/tool/create_chat_completion.py
index 882a5bebf..6c836cbb8 100644
--- a/app/tool/create_chat_completion.py
+++ b/app/tool/create_chat_completion.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 
 class CreateChatCompletion(BaseTool):
-    name: str = "create_chat_completion"
+    name: str = "create_chat_completion"  # 标识工具名称与用途，供智能体注册和调用
     description: str = (
         "Creates a structured completion with specified output formatting."
     )
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ class CreateChatCompletion(BaseTool):
         list: "array",
     }
     response_type: Optional[Type] = None
-    required: List[str] = Field(default_factory=lambda: ["response"])
+    required: List[str] = Field(default_factory=lambda: ["response"])  # default_factory接受一个可调用对象，
+    # 因此需要借用lambda初始化，而不能直接赋值为["response"]，如果要直接赋值，应该使用default，但是我们在agent/base.py提到，default方式会使得
+    # 跨实例共享参数，因此这里采用default_factory + lambda结合的方式
+    # 这里required是指需要模型输出的东西
 
     def __init__(self, response_type: Optional[Type] = str):
         """Initialize with a specific response type."""
@@ -43,9 +46,9 @@ def _build_parameters(self) -> dict:
                 "required": self.required,
             }
 
-        if isinstance(self.response_type, type) and issubclass(
+        if isinstance(self.response_type, type) and issubclass(  # （所有类对象都是type的实例）
             self.response_type, BaseModel
-        ):
+        ):  # 如果self.response_type是一个Pydantic模型类，就用它的json schema来构建参数定义
             schema = self.response_type.model_json_schema()
             return {
                 "type": "object",
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ def _build_parameters(self) -> dict:
 
     def _create_type_schema(self, type_hint: Type) -> dict:
         """Create a JSON schema for the given type."""
-        origin = get_origin(type_hint)
+        origin = get_origin(type_hint)  # python泛型，用于获取容器的外层和内部参数类型
         args = get_args(type_hint)
 
         # Handle primitive types
@@ -105,7 +108,14 @@ def _create_type_schema(self, type_hint: Type) -> dict:
         if origin is Union:
             return self._create_union_schema(args)
 
-        return self._build_parameters()
+        # return self._build_parameters()  # 如果self.response_type不是str、None、list、dict、Union，将发生死循环
+        return {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "response": {"type": "string", "description": "Fallback schema"}
+            },
+            "required": self.required,
+        }
 
     def _get_type_info(self, type_hint: Type) -> dict:
         """Get type information for a single type."""
diff --git a/config/.gitignore b/config/.gitignore
index eaff1825a..a2db86161 100644
--- a/config/.gitignore
+++ b/config/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 # prevent the local config file from being uploaded to the remote repository
 config.toml
+mcp.json
diff --git a/config/config.example.toml b/config/config.example.toml
index 7693ee8df..c3791fd1a 100644
--- a/config/config.example.toml
+++ b/config/config.example.toml
@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ temperature = 0.0                          # Controls randomness for vision mode
 #timeout = 300
 #network_enabled = true
 
+[daytona]
+daytona_api_key = "YOUR API KEY"
+daytona_server_url = "https://app.daytona.io/api"
+daytona_target = "us"
+
+
 # MCP (Model Context Protocol) configuration
 [mcp]
 server_reference = "app.mcp.server" # default server module reference
diff --git a/config/mcp.example.json b/config/mcp.example.json
index 194642528..98d901df9 100644
--- a/config/mcp.example.json
+++ b/config/mcp.example.json
@@ -3,6 +3,16 @@
       "server1": {
         "type": "sse",
         "url": "http://localhost:8000/sse"
+      },
+
+      "filesystem": {
+        "type": "stdio",
+        "command": "YOUR PATH TO npx.cmd",
+        "args": [
+          "-y",
+          "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
+          "YOUR PATH TO THE workspace FOLDER"
+        ]
       }
     }
 }
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index aa7e6dc93..fdc45d660 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ tiktoken~=0.9.0
 
 html2text~=2024.2.26
 gymnasium~=1.1.1
-pillow~=11.1.0
+pillow~=10.4
 browsergym~=0.13.3
 uvicorn~=0.34.0
 unidiff~=0.7.5