Lesson 20 - Stringy Bits.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# Casting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"34.0<built-in function print>[0, 1, 2]True{'a': 'b'}\""
      ]
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     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "str(3) + str(4.0) + str(print) + str([0,1,2]) + str(True) + str({\"a\":\"b\"})"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Format"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a, b, c\n",
      "a, b, c\n",
      "c, b, a\n",
      "c, b, a\n",
      "abracadabra\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# .format()\n",
    "print('{0}, {1}, {2}'.format('a', 'b', 'c'))\n",
    "print('{}, {}, {}'.format('a', 'b', 'c'))\n",
    "print('{2}, {1}, {0}'.format('a', 'b', 'c'))\n",
    "print('{2}, {1}, {0}'.format(*'abc'))\n",
    "print('{0}{1}{0}'.format('abra', 'cad'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W\n",
      "Coordinates: 37.24N, -115.81W\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# using kwargs\n",
    "print('Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(latitude='37.24N', longitude='-115.81W'))\n",
    "coord = {'latitude': '37.24N', 'longitude': '-115.81W'}\n",
    "print('Coordinates: {latitude}, {longitude}'.format(**coord))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "repr() shows quotes: 'test1'; str() doesn't: test2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# repr vs str\n",
    "print(\"repr() shows quotes: {!r}; str() doesn't: {!s}\".format('test1', 'test2'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "left aligned                  \n",
      "                 right aligned\n",
      "           centered           \n",
      "***********centered***********\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# alignment\n",
    "print('{:<30}'.format('left aligned'))\n",
    "print('{:>30}'.format('right aligned'))\n",
    "print('{:^30}'.format('centered'))\n",
    "print('{:*^30}'.format('centered'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "+3.140000; -3.140000\n",
      " 3.140000; -3.140000\n",
      "3.140000; -3.140000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# signs\n",
    "print('{:+f}; {:+f}'.format(3.14, -3.14))\n",
    "print('{: f}; {: f}'.format(3.14, -3.14))\n",
    "print('{:-f}; {:-f}'.format(3.14, -3.14))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "int: 42;  hex: 2a;  oct: 52;  bin: 101010\n",
      "int: 42;  hex: 0x2a;  oct: 0o52;  bin: 0b101010\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# different bases\n",
    "print(\"int: {0:d};  hex: {0:x};  oct: {0:o};  bin: {0:b}\".format(42))\n",
    "print(\"int: {0:d};  hex: {0:#x};  oct: {0:#o};  bin: {0:#b}\".format(42))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1,234,567,890\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# comma separators\n",
    "print('{:,}'.format(1234567890))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Correct answers: 86.36%\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# percentages\n",
    "points = 19\n",
    "total = 22\n",
    "print('Correct answers: {:.2%}'.format(points/total))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'2010-07-04 12:15:58'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# type-specific\n",
    "import datetime\n",
    "d = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 4, 12, 15, 58)\n",
    "'{:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}'.format(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "First, thou shalt count to 10\n",
      "Bring me a chair\n",
      "From a to b\n",
      "My quest is learning Python\n",
      "Weight in tons 10\n",
      "Units destroyed: 10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# final examples\n",
    "print(\"First, thou shalt count to {0}\".format(10))\n",
    "print(\"Bring me a {}\".format(\"chair\"))\n",
    "print(\"From {} to {}\".format(\"a\",\"b\"))\n",
    "print(\"My quest is {name}\".format(name=\"learning Python\"))\n",
    "print(\"Weight in tons {0[weight]}\".format({\"weight\":10}))\n",
    "print(\"Units destroyed: {players[0]}\".format(players=[10,20,30]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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