diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4d200ec..64bb015 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ checksum = "841d1cc9bed7f9236f321df977030373f4a4163ae1a7dbfe1a51a2c1a51d9100"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hoa-backend"
-version = "1.15.0"
+version = "1.15.1"
 dependencies = [
  "base64",
  "chrono",
diff --git a/patch_formatter.py b/patch_formatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82b74f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/patch_formatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import re
+
+with open('src/formatter.rs', 'r') as f:
+    content = f.read()
+
+def replace_func(func_name, code):
+    # Find the function in the file
+    pattern = rf"(fn {func_name}\(content: &str\) -> String {{\n)(.*?)(^\}})"
+    match = re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE)
+    if not match:
+        print(f"Could not find {func_name}")
+        return content
+    return content[:match.start()] + f"fn {func_name}(content: &str) -> String {{\n" + code + "}" + content[match.end():]
+
+# fix_self_closing_tags
+fix_self_closing_tags_code = """    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
+
+    // Convert <br> to <br />
+    let re_br = Regex::new(r"<br\\s*>").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_br.replace_all(&result, "<br />") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    // Convert <hr> to <hr />
+    let re_hr = Regex::new(r"<hr\\s*>").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_hr.replace_all(&result, "<hr />") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    result.into_owned()
+"""
+content = replace_func("fix_self_closing_tags", fix_self_closing_tags_code)
+
+# fix_malformed_html
+fix_malformed_html_code = """    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
+
+    // Remove empty <tr> tags before closing table
+    let re_tr_table = Regex::new(r"<tr>\\s*</table>").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_tr_table.replace_all(&result, "</table>") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    // Remove empty <tr></tr> tags
+    let re_empty_tr = Regex::new(r"<tr>\\s*</tr>").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_empty_tr.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    result.into_owned()
+"""
+content = replace_func("fix_malformed_html", fix_malformed_html_code)
+
+# convert_hugo_callout_shortcodes
+convert_hugo_callout_shortcodes_code = """    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
+
+    // Remove opening callout tags such as:
+    // {{< callout type="info" >}} or {{% callout type="warning" %}}
+    let re_open = Regex::new(r"\\{\\{[<%]\\s*callout\\b[^{}]*[>%]\\}\\}").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_open.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    // Remove closing callout tags such as:
+    // {{< /callout >}} or {{% /callout %}}
+    let re_close = Regex::new(r"\\{\\{[<%]\\s*/callout\\s*[>%]\\}\\}").unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_close.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    result.into_owned()
+"""
+content = replace_func("convert_hugo_callout_shortcodes", convert_hugo_callout_shortcodes_code)
+
+# convert_hugo_details_to_accordion
+convert_hugo_details_to_accordion_code = """    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
+
+    // First, handle single-line shortcodes: {{% details title="..." %}} content {{% /details %}}
+    let re_single_line =
+        Regex::new(r#"\\{\\{% details title="([^"]*)"[^%]*%\\}\\}\\s*(.+?)\\s*\\{\\{% /details %\\}\\}"#)
+            .unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_single_line.replace_all(&result, "<Accordion title=\\"$1\\">\\n$2\\n</Accordion>") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    // Convert opening tags
+    let re_open = Regex::new(r#"\\{\\{% details title="([^"]*)"[^%]*%\\}\\}"#).unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_open.replace_all(&result, r#"<Accordion title="$1">"#) {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    // Convert closing tags - ensure they're on their own line for MDX compatibility
+    // Replace any occurrence where {{% /details %}} appears at end of line content
+    let re_closing = Regex::new(r#"([^\\n])\\s*\\{\\{% /details %\\}\\}"#).unwrap();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_closing.replace_all(&result, "$1\\n</Accordion>") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
+
+    let mut result_owned = result.into_owned();
+    // Handle any remaining standalone closing tags
+    result_owned = result_owned.replace("{{% /details %}}", "</Accordion>");
+
+    // Wrap consecutive Accordion blocks in Accordions
+    result_owned = wrap_accordions_in_container(&result_owned);
+
+    result_owned
+"""
+content = replace_func("convert_hugo_details_to_accordion", convert_hugo_details_to_accordion_code)
+
+
+with open('src/formatter.rs', 'w') as f:
+    f.write(content)
diff --git a/src/formatter.rs b/src/formatter.rs
index 634dd21..a79871d 100644
--- a/src/formatter.rs
+++ b/src/formatter.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use regex::Regex;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fs;
 use std::path::Path;
 use walkdir::WalkDir;
@@ -49,32 +50,40 @@ fn remove_shield_badges(content: &str) -> String {
 
 /// Convert HTML tags to self-closing format for MDX compatibility
 fn fix_self_closing_tags(content: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = content.to_string();
+    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
 
     // Convert <br> to <br />
     let re_br = Regex::new(r"<br\s*>").unwrap();
-    result = re_br.replace_all(&result, "<br />").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_br.replace_all(&result, "<br />") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
     // Convert <hr> to <hr />
     let re_hr = Regex::new(r"<hr\s*>").unwrap();
-    result = re_hr.replace_all(&result, "<hr />").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_hr.replace_all(&result, "<hr />") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
-    result
+    result.into_owned()
 }
 
 /// Fix common malformed HTML patterns
 fn fix_malformed_html(content: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = content.to_string();
+    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
 
     // Remove empty <tr> tags before closing table
     let re_tr_table = Regex::new(r"<tr>\s*</table>").unwrap();
-    result = re_tr_table.replace_all(&result, "</table>").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_tr_table.replace_all(&result, "</table>") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
     // Remove empty <tr></tr> tags
     let re_empty_tr = Regex::new(r"<tr>\s*</tr>").unwrap();
-    result = re_empty_tr.replace_all(&result, "").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_empty_tr.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
-    result
+    result.into_owned()
 }
 
 /// Convert CSS property name to camelCase for JSX
@@ -130,53 +139,60 @@ fn convert_style_to_jsx(content: &str) -> String {
 
 /// Remove Hugo callout shortcodes that are invalid in MDX.
 fn convert_hugo_callout_shortcodes(content: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = content.to_string();
+    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
 
     // Remove opening callout tags such as:
     // {{< callout type="info" >}} or {{% callout type="warning" %}}
     let re_open = Regex::new(r"\{\{[<%]\s*callout\b[^{}]*[>%]\}\}").unwrap();
-    result = re_open.replace_all(&result, "").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_open.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
     // Remove closing callout tags such as:
     // {{< /callout >}} or {{% /callout %}}
     let re_close = Regex::new(r"\{\{[<%]\s*/callout\s*[>%]\}\}").unwrap();
-    result = re_close.replace_all(&result, "").to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_close.replace_all(&result, "") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
-    result
+    result.into_owned()
 }
 
 /// Convert Hugo details shortcode to Fumadocs Accordion components
 fn convert_hugo_details_to_accordion(content: &str) -> String {
-    let mut result = content.to_string();
+    let mut result: Cow<str> = Cow::Borrowed(content);
 
     // First, handle single-line shortcodes: {{% details title="..." %}} content {{% /details %}}
     let re_single_line =
         Regex::new(r#"\{\{% details title="([^"]*)"[^%]*%\}\}\s*(.+?)\s*\{\{% /details %\}\}"#)
             .unwrap();
-    result = re_single_line
-        .replace_all(&result, "<Accordion title=\"$1\">\n$2\n</Accordion>")
-        .to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) =
+        re_single_line.replace_all(&result, "<Accordion title=\"$1\">\n$2\n</Accordion>")
+    {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
     // Convert opening tags
     let re_open = Regex::new(r#"\{\{% details title="([^"]*)"[^%]*%\}\}"#).unwrap();
-    result = re_open
-        .replace_all(&result, r#"<Accordion title="$1">"#)
-        .to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_open.replace_all(&result, r#"<Accordion title="$1">"#) {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
     // Convert closing tags - ensure they're on their own line for MDX compatibility
     // Replace any occurrence where {{% /details %}} appears at end of line content
     let re_closing = Regex::new(r#"([^\n])\s*\{\{% /details %\}\}"#).unwrap();
-    result = re_closing
-        .replace_all(&result, "$1\n</Accordion>")
-        .to_string();
+    if let Cow::Owned(s) = re_closing.replace_all(&result, "$1\n</Accordion>") {
+        result = Cow::Owned(s);
+    }
 
+    let mut result_owned = result.into_owned();
     // Handle any remaining standalone closing tags
-    result = result.replace("{{% /details %}}", "</Accordion>");
+    result_owned = result_owned.replace("{{% /details %}}", "</Accordion>");
 
     // Wrap consecutive Accordion blocks in Accordions
-    result = wrap_accordions_in_container(&result);
+    result_owned = wrap_accordions_in_container(&result_owned);
 
-    result
+    result_owned
 }
 
 /// Convert block-level math delimiters $$ $$ to ```math code blocks
diff --git a/src/generator.rs b/src/generator.rs
index c907960..2f51ca8 100644
--- a/src/generator.rs
+++ b/src/generator.rs
@@ -293,7 +293,10 @@ pub async fn generate_course_pages(
                 let frontmatter = build_frontmatter(&title, &course);
                 let use_course_info = !no_course_info_repo_ids.contains(repo_id);
                 let page_content = if use_course_info {
-                    format!("{}\n\n<CourseInfo />\n\n{}{}", frontmatter, content, filetree_content)
+                    format!(
+                        "{}\n\n<CourseInfo />\n\n{}{}",
+                        frontmatter, content, filetree_content
+                    )
                 } else {
                     format!("{}\n\n{}{}", frontmatter, content, filetree_content)
                 };
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 527ec54..1728f0d 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -106,7 +106,10 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let shared_categories_config = loader::load_shared_categories(&data_dir);
     if !shared_categories_config.categories.is_empty() {
-        println!("Loaded {} shared categories", shared_categories_config.categories.len());
+        println!(
+            "Loaded {} shared categories",
+            shared_categories_config.categories.len()
+        );
     }
 
     let grades_summary = loader::load_grades_summary(&data_dir);
diff --git a/src/models.rs b/src/models.rs
index 63d9e55..5a4063a 100644
--- a/src/models.rs
+++ b/src/models.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ mod tests {
             title: "Test Course".to_string(),
             description: "A test description".to_string(),
             course: CourseMetadata {
-                credit: 3,
+                credit: 3.0,
                 assessment_method: "Exam".to_string(),
                 course_nature: "Required".to_string(),
                 hour_distribution: HourDistributionMeta {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ mod tests {
             title: "Advanced Math".to_string(),
             description: "".to_string(),
             course: CourseMetadata {
-                credit: 4,
+                credit: 4.0,
                 assessment_method: "Mixed".to_string(),
                 course_nature: "Elective".to_string(),
                 hour_distribution: HourDistributionMeta {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ mod tests {
             title: "Simple Course".to_string(),
             description: "No grading details".to_string(),
             course: CourseMetadata {
-                credit: 2,
+                credit: 2.0,
                 assessment_method: "Pass/Fail".to_string(),
                 course_nature: "Optional".to_string(),
                 hour_distribution: HourDistributionMeta {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ mod tests {
             title: "Complex Course".to_string(),
             description: "".to_string(),
             course: CourseMetadata {
-                credit: 5,
+                credit: 5.0,
                 assessment_method: "Comprehensive".to_string(),
                 course_nature: "Core".to_string(),
                 hour_distribution: HourDistributionMeta {