- an essential tool for software development.
- useful to execute a wide variety of programs on your computer.
- a tool for interacting with a computer using text (also known as a text interface).
Unix Commands is a type of command that is used in Linux and macOS.
Commands are instruction given to the computer into what is called a terminal.
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NOTE: 1. For Windows we use POWERSHELL or GIT BASH.
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NOTE: 2. Here we will use the word directory (plural: directories) in place of folder often. They both are the same thing, and they're used interchangeably.
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start .
(for windows) oropen .
(for Linux/macOS)- Opens File Explorer where we use GUI to manipulate the Files or Folders/Directories.
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pwd
- stands for Print Working Directory.
- On command line, it is important to know the directory you're working. Here comes
pwd
command to check that. - When you execute the
pwd
command, all the directories from the root directory to the current directory are displayed.
-
ls
- when moving between directories, it would be convenient if we could see the list of files and directories in the current directory.
ls
command is used for same. - it is important to note that
ls
command will only display the files and directories that are direct children of the current directory. - to read hidden files give command:
ls -a
- when moving between directories, it would be convenient if we could see the list of files and directories in the current directory.
-
cd
- stands for Change Directory.
- if you execute
cd
without specifying a directory orcd ~
, you can move to what is called a home directory.
i.
cd directory_name
command helps you to move to other specified directory.ii.
cd ..
command let you move back to your previous folder. -
mkdir directory_name
- you can create a new directory using
mkdir directory_name
command as well.
- you can create a new directory using
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touch filename.extension
- you can create an empty file of any type.
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cat filename.extension
- it displays the text content of the file.
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cp file_to_copy new_file_name
- used for coping files.
-
cp -r directory_to_copy new_directory_name
- used for coping directories.
- -r stands for recursive function.
- important: not applying
-r
will result to an error and the command will not be executed.
-
rm filename.extension
- used for deleting files.
-
rm -r directory_name
- used for deleting non-empty directory.
-
rmdir directory_name
- used for deleting empty directory.
ctrl + l
clears the terminal.tab
helps for auto-completion.~
means you're in root or home folder/directory.$
sign denotes it's a command at any site you check.up and down
arrows help you to get the command history to use it again as a new command.