PipelineHelper.java

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package java.util.stream;

import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.function.IntFunction;

/**
 * Helper class for executing <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">
 * stream pipelines</a>, capturing all of the information about a stream
 * pipeline (output shape, intermediate operations, stream flags, parallelism,
 * etc) in one place.
 *
 * <p>
 * A {@code PipelineHelper} describes the initial segment of a stream pipeline,
 * including its source, intermediate operations, and may additionally
 * incorporate information about the terminal (or stateful) operation which
 * follows the last intermediate operation described by this
 * {@code PipelineHelper}. The {@code PipelineHelper} is passed to the
 * {@link TerminalOp#evaluateParallel(PipelineHelper, java.util.Spliterator)},
 * {@link TerminalOp#evaluateSequential(PipelineHelper, java.util.Spliterator)},
 * and {@link AbstractPipeline#opEvaluateParallel(PipelineHelper, java.util.Spliterator,
 * java.util.function.IntFunction)}, methods, which can use the
 * {@code PipelineHelper} to access information about the pipeline such as
 * head shape, stream flags, and size, and use the helper methods
 * such as {@link #wrapAndCopyInto(Sink, Spliterator)},
 * {@link #copyInto(Sink, Spliterator)}, and {@link #wrapSink(Sink)} to execute
 * pipeline operations.
 *
 * @param <P_OUT> type of output elements from the pipeline
 * @since 1.8
 */

// 定义了一组接口方法，这些方法用来串接流的各个阶段，并完成数据择取
abstract class PipelineHelper<P_OUT> {
    
    /**
     * Gets the stream shape for the source of the pipeline segment.
     *
     * @return the stream shape for the source of the pipeline segment.
     */
    // 获取流的源头阶段的形状
    abstract StreamShape getSourceShape();
    
    /**
     * Gets the combined stream and operation flags for the output of the described
     * pipeline.  This will incorporate stream flags from the stream source, all
     * the intermediate operations and the terminal operation.
     *
     * @return the combined stream and operation flags
     * @see StreamOpFlag
     */
    // 返回流的组合操作标志
    abstract int getStreamAndOpFlags();
    
    /**
     * Returns the exact output size of the portion of the output resulting from
     * applying the pipeline stages described by this {@code PipelineHelper} to
     * the portion of the input described by the provided
     * {@code Spliterator}, if known.  If not known or known infinite, will
     * return {@code -1}.
     *
     * @apiNote
     * The exact output size is known if the {@code Spliterator} has the
     * {@code SIZED} characteristic, and the operation flags
     * {@link StreamOpFlag#SIZED} is known on the combined stream and operation
     * flags.
     *
     * @param spliterator the spliterator describing the relevant portion of the
     *        source data
     * @return the exact size if known, or -1 if infinite or unknown
     */
    // 返回输出的元素数量，如果未知或无穷，则返回-1
    abstract<P_IN> long exactOutputSizeIfKnown(Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator);
    
    /**
     * Applies the pipeline stages described by this {@code PipelineHelper} to
     * the provided {@code Spliterator} and send the results to the provided
     * {@code Sink}.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * The implementation behaves as if:
     * <pre>{@code
     *     copyInto(wrapSink(sink), spliterator);
     * }</pre>
     *
     * @param sink the {@code Sink} to receive the results
     * @param spliterator the spliterator describing the source input to process
     */
    // 从后往前包装sink的同时，从前到后择取数据
    abstract<P_IN, S extends Sink<P_OUT>> S wrapAndCopyInto(S sink, Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator);
    
    /**
     * Takes a {@code Sink} that accepts elements of the output type of the
     * {@code PipelineHelper}, and wrap it with a {@code Sink} that accepts
     * elements of the input type and implements all the intermediate operations
     * described by this {@code PipelineHelper}, delivering the result into the
     * provided {@code Sink}.
     *
     * @param sink the {@code Sink} to receive the results
     *
     * @return a {@code Sink} that implements the pipeline stages and sends
     * results to the provided {@code Sink}
     */
    // 从终端的Sink开始，逐段向前包装Sink形成一个单链表，然后将最靠前的sink返回
    abstract <P_IN> Sink<P_IN> wrapSink(Sink<P_OUT> sink);
    
    /**
     * Pushes elements obtained from the {@code Spliterator} into the provided
     * {@code Sink}.  If the stream pipeline is known to have short-circuiting
     * stages in it (see {@link StreamOpFlag#SHORT_CIRCUIT}), the
     * {@link Sink#cancellationRequested()} is checked after each
     * element, stopping if cancellation is requested.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * This method conforms to the {@code Sink} protocol of calling
     * {@code Sink.begin} before pushing elements, via {@code Sink.accept}, and
     * calling {@code Sink.end} after all elements have been pushed.
     *
     * @param wrappedSink the destination {@code Sink}
     * @param spliterator the source {@code Spliterator}
     */
    // 从HEAD阶段之后开始择取数据
    abstract<P_IN> void copyInto(Sink<P_IN> wrappedSink, Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator);
    
    /**
     * Pushes elements obtained from the {@code Spliterator} into the provided
     * {@code Sink}, checking {@link Sink#cancellationRequested()} after each
     * element, and stopping if cancellation is requested.
     *
     * @implSpec
     * This method conforms to the {@code Sink} protocol of calling
     * {@code Sink.begin} before pushing elements, via {@code Sink.accept}, and
     * calling {@code Sink.end} after all elements have been pushed or if
     * cancellation is requested.
     *
     * @param wrappedSink the destination {@code Sink}
     * @param spliterator the source {@code Spliterator}
     * @return true if the cancellation was requested
     */
    // 从HEAD阶段之后开始择取数据，存在短路操作（即满足某种条件就终止择取）
    abstract <P_IN> boolean copyIntoWithCancel(Sink<P_IN> wrappedSink, Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator);
    
    /**
     * Constructs a @{link Node.Builder} compatible with the output shape of
     * this {@code PipelineHelper}.
     *
     * @param exactSizeIfKnown if >=0 then a builder will be created that has a
     *                         fixed capacity of exactly sizeIfKnown elements; if < 0 then the
     *                         builder has variable capacity.  A fixed capacity builder will fail
     *                         if an element is added after the builder has reached capacity.
     * @param generator        a factory function for array instances
     *
     * @return a {@code Node.Builder} compatible with the output shape of this
     * {@code PipelineHelper}
     */
    // 返回第(3)、(4)类Node（固定长度Node和可变长度Node）
    abstract Node.Builder<P_OUT> makeNodeBuilder(long exactSizeIfKnown, IntFunction<P_OUT[]> generator);
    
    /**
     * Collects all output elements resulting from applying the pipeline stages
     * to the source {@code Spliterator} into a {@code Node}.
     *
     * @param spliterator the source {@code Spliterator}
     * @param flatten     if true and the pipeline is a parallel pipeline then the
     *                    {@code Node} returned will contain no children, otherwise the
     *                    {@code Node} may represent the root in a tree that reflects the
     *                    shape of the computation tree.
     * @param generator   a factory function for array instances
     *
     * @return the {@code Node} containing all output elements
     *
     * @implNote If the pipeline has no intermediate operations and the source is backed
     * by a {@code Node} then that {@code Node} will be returned (or flattened
     * and then returned). This reduces copying for a pipeline consisting of a
     * stateful operation followed by a terminal operation that returns an
     * array, such as:
     * <pre>{@code
     *     stream.sorted().toArray();
     * }</pre>
     */
    // 利用Sink链中定义的操作择取数据
    abstract <P_IN> Node<P_OUT> evaluate(Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator, boolean flatten, IntFunction<P_OUT[]> generator);
    
    abstract <P_IN> Spliterator<P_OUT> wrapSpliterator(Spliterator<P_IN> spliterator);
}