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Reduce docker images size.md

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减少镜像大小

Summary(概要)

  • Use smaller base images (使用更小的基础镜像)
  • Multi-Stage Build (多阶段编译)
  • Clean all unused packages / files when create the new layer(当创建新层时，清空未使用的包及文件)

Use smaller base images(使用更小的基础镜像)

REPOSITORY                 TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
docker.io/library/alpine   latest      14119a10abf4  6 days ago    5.87 MB
docker.io/library/busybox  latest      42b97d3c2ae9  13 days ago   1.46 MB
gcr.io/distroless/static   latest      e0851a4aa136  51 years ago  3.06 MB

以下这三个镜像特别小

  • busybox
  • alpine
  • google/distroless

Example(例子):

FROM alpine:3.8

RUN apk add --no-cache \
    ca-certificates \
    git \
    gcc \
    musl-dev \
    openssl \
    go
....

Multi-Stage Build (多阶段编译)

FROM golang:1.10-alpine3.8 AS multistage

RUN apk add --no-cache --update git

WORKDIR /go/src/api
COPY . .

RUN go get -d -v \
  && go install -v \
  && go build

##

FROM alpine:3.8
COPY --from=multistage /go/bin/api /go/bin/
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["/go/bin/api"]

Clean all unused packages / files when create the new layer (当创建新层时，清空未使用的包及文件)

ADD https://example.com/big.tar.xz /usr/src/things/
RUN tar -xJf /usr/src/things/big.tar.xz -C /usr/src/things
RUN make -C /usr/src/things all

instead of

RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/things \
    && curl -SL https://example.com/big.tar.xz \
    | tar -xJC /usr/src/things \
    && make -C /usr/src/things all
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
  bzr \
  cvs \
  git \
  mercurial \
  subversion \
  # Don't remmeber remove apt cache
  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

References

Best practices for writing Dockerfiles

https://github.com/docker-library/buildpack-deps/blob/master/Dockerfile.template

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-optimize-docker-images-for-production