PythonFromScratch.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Variables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello  World\n",
      "Hello  World\n",
      "4\n",
      "1 3 hi\n",
      "<class 'int'> 1\n",
      "<class 'str'> 1\n",
      "1111111111\n",
      "<class 'complex'>\n",
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "<class 'int'>\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "500000.0\n",
      "False\n",
      "True\n",
      "laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf !\n",
      " aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df\n",
      "laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj dflaksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df\n",
      "lkjadskf lkasjdfklj adslkfj kljasdf \n",
      "ldsakjf lkajsdf lkj asdf\n",
      "      lakjsdf  lkasjdf \n",
      "var1: 4 -- var2: 2.3 -- var3: cloud\n",
      "var1: cloud -- var2: 2.3 -- var3: 4\n",
      "var1: 4 -- var2: 2.300000 -- var3: cloud\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = \"Hello\"\n",
    "y = \"World\"\n",
    "X = 5\n",
    "print(x + \" \", y)\n",
    "print(x + ' ', y)\n",
    "a = b = c = 4\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "a, b, c = 1, 3, \"hi\"\n",
    "print(a, b, c)\n",
    "a_string = str(a)\n",
    "print(type(a), a)\n",
    "print(type(a_string), a_string)\n",
    "print(a_string * 10)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Camel Case\n",
    "myIntVariable = 14\n",
    "\n",
    "# Pascale Case\n",
    "MyIntVariable = 14\n",
    "\n",
    "# Snake Case\n",
    "my_int_variable = 14\n",
    "\n",
    "x = 1 + 2j\n",
    "print(type(x))\n",
    "\n",
    "y = \"5\"\n",
    "print(type(y))\n",
    "y = int(y)\n",
    "print(type(y))\n",
    "y = float(y)\n",
    "print(type(y))\n",
    "\n",
    "a = 5e5\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(4 > 5)\n",
    "print(4 <= 5)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf !\\n aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df\")\n",
    "print(\"laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df laksjdfkd lkjads fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj dflaksjdfkd lkjads \\\n",
    "fklj lkajdsf ! aslkdjf lakjsdf lkaj df\")\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\"\"lkjadskf lkasjdfklj adslkfj kljasdf \n",
    "ldsakjf lkajsdf lkj asdf\n",
    "      lakjsdf  lkasjdf \"\"\")\n",
    "\n",
    "var1 = 4\n",
    "var2 = 2.3\n",
    "var3 = \"cloud\"\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"var1: {var1} -- var2: {var2} -- var3: {var3}\")\n",
    "print(\"var1: {2} -- var2: {1} -- var3: {0}\".format(var1, var2, var3))\n",
    "print(\"var1: %d -- var2: %f -- var3: %s\"%(var1, var2, var3))\n",
    "\n",
    "name = float(input(\"give me a number: \"))\n",
    "print(type(name))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Operators and Conditions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b is greater than a\n",
      "b is greater than a\n",
      "the other case\n",
      "the other case\n",
      "B\n",
      "B\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 2\n",
    "b = 5\n",
    "\n",
    "c = a + b\n",
    "c = a - b\n",
    "c = a * b\n",
    "c = a / b\n",
    "c = a % b\n",
    "c = a // b\n",
    "\n",
    "#*********************************************\n",
    "\n",
    "#a += b  # a = a + b\n",
    "\n",
    "#*********************************************\n",
    "\n",
    "if a > b: # >  <  >=  <=  ==  !=\n",
    "    print(\"a is greater than b\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"b is greater than a\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#*********************************************\n",
    "\n",
    "if a > b:\n",
    "    print(\"a is greater than b\")\n",
    "elif a == b:\n",
    "    print(\"a and b are equal\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"b is greater than a\")\n",
    "\n",
    "#*********************************************\n",
    "\n",
    "if a > b and a > 10: # &\n",
    "    print(\"great !\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"the other case\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "if a > b or a > 10: # |\n",
    "    print(\"great !\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"the other case\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "#*********************************************\n",
    "\n",
    "if a > b: print(\"a is greater than b\")\n",
    "print(\"A\") if a > b else print(\"B\")\n",
    "print(\"A\") if a > b else print(\"B\") if a < b else print(\"=\")\n",
    "    \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# For and While Loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "A\n",
      "n\n",
      "a\n",
      "s\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 0\n",
    "# while i < 10:\n",
    "#     print(i)\n",
    "#     if i == 17:\n",
    "#         break\n",
    "#     i += 1\n",
    "# else:\n",
    "#     print(\"My loop has been finished\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "# while i < 10:\n",
    "#     i += 1\n",
    "#     if i == 5:\n",
    "#         continue\n",
    "#     print(i)\n",
    "\n",
    "# for i in range(5):\n",
    "#     print(i)\n",
    "    \n",
    "# for i in range(1,10):\n",
    "#     print(i)\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(1,10,3):\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "if i == 0:\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "# for i in \"Anas\":\n",
    "#     print(i)\n",
    "    \n",
    "st = \"Anas\"\n",
    "for i in range(len(st)):\n",
    "    print(st[i])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# List []"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt = []\n",
    "lt1 = list()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "list"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(lt1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt = [4, 5, 6, \"anas\", ['azdad', 45]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[4, 5, 6, 'anas', ['azdad', 45]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 5, 6, 'anas', ['azdad', 45], 0, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.append(0)\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['hello', 5, 6, 'anas', ['azdad', 45], 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.insert(0, \"hello\")\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[4, 5, 6, 'anas', ['azdad', 45], 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.pop()\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[5, 6, 'anas', ['azdad', 45], 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.pop(0)\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt.remove('anas')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['hello', 5, 6, ['azdad', 45], 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exception"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "this element doesn't exist in your list\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['hello', 5, 6, ['azdad', 45], 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "try:\n",
    "    lt.remove('alsdjf')\n",
    "except Exception:\n",
    "    print(\"this element doesn't exist in your list\")\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = [i for i in range(5) if i != 2 and i != 0]\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 4, 5, 7]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = [4,5,1,0,7]\n",
    "lt.sort()\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[7, 5, 4, 1, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.sort(reverse=True)\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "min(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "max(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "17"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(str(lt))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt2 = [\"anas\", \"azdad\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[7, 5, 4, 1, 0, 'anas', 'azdad']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = lt + lt2\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 'anas', 'azdad']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.extend(lt2)\n",
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.count(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt.append(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt.count(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "lt2 = lt1\n",
    "lt2.append(0)\n",
    "lt1 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "lt2 = lt1[:]\n",
    "lt2.append(0)\n",
    "lt1 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import copy\n",
    "\n",
    "lt1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "lt2 = copy.deepcopy(lt1)\n",
    "lt2.append(0)\n",
    "lt1 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 3]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from copy import deepcopy\n",
    "\n",
    "lt1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "lt2 = copy.deepcopy(lt1)\n",
    "lt2.append(0)\n",
    "lt1 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Slicing"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]\n",
    "# lt[start:stop:step]\n",
    "print(lt[0:])\n",
    "lt[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 2, 4]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[0:5:2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[-11]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[6, 7, 8, 9]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[-5:-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[::1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[10, 9, 8, 7]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[-1:-5:-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[10]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[:-2:-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[-2::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 0]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt[1::-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Zip and Enumerate"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 a1\n",
      "1 a2\n",
      "2 a3\n",
      "3 a4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt1 = ['a1', 'a2', 'a3', 'a4']\n",
    "for i,elt in enumerate(lt1):\n",
    "    print(str(i) + ' ' + str(elt))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1 b1\n",
      "a2 b2\n",
      "a3 b3\n",
      "a4 b4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt2 = ['b1', 'b2', 'b3', 'b4']\n",
    "for a,b in zip(lt1,lt2):\n",
    "    print(str(a) + ' ' + str(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 a1 b1\n",
      "1 a2 b2\n",
      "2 a3 b3\n",
      "3 a4 b4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i,(a,b) in enumerate(zip(lt1,lt2)):\n",
    "    print(str(i) + ' ' + str(a) + ' ' + str(b)) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello est une : String\n",
      "world est une : String\n",
      "! est une : String\n",
      "5 est un : nombre\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch1 = \"Hello world ! 5\"\n",
    "lt = ch1.split(\" \")\n",
    "\n",
    "for mot in lt:\n",
    "    if mot.isdigit():\n",
    "        print(mot + ' est un : ' + 'nombre')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(mot + ' est une : ' + 'String')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello est un : String\n",
      "world est un : String\n",
      "! est une : Nombre\n",
      "5 est une : Nombre\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for mot in lt:\n",
    "    if mot.isalpha():\n",
    "        print(mot + ' est un : ' + 'String')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(mot + ' est une : ' + 'Nombre')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"user123!\".isalnum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'anas azdad'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nom = \"Anas Azdad\"\n",
    "nom.lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'ANAS AZDAD'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nom.upper()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nom.endswith(\"Azdad\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nom.startswith(\"a\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ch2 = \"hello\" + 'world'\n",
    "ch2 = \"Hello world !\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'h'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'str' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_16248/2834658320.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mch2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"H\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2[0] = \"H\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hella world !'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2.replace('o', 'a', 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ch2 = list(ch2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "list"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(ch2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['A', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', ' ', '!']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2[0] = 'A'\n",
    "ch2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Aello world !'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2 = ''.join(ch2)\n",
    "ch2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1910506838704"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(ch2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1910506624368"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ch2 += \" !\"\n",
    "id(ch2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1910519919808"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt1 = ['anas']\n",
    "id(lt1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1910519919808"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt1 += 'azdad'\n",
    "id(lt1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Tuples / type immutable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2357330522944"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp = (1, 'hello')\n",
    "id(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_29596/3587003220.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mtp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m2\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp[0] = 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2357326916544"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp = (1, 'hello', 2)\n",
    "id(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp = ('str')\n",
    "type(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tuple"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp = ('str',)\n",
    "type(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tp1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sum(tp1)\n",
    "min(tp1)\n",
    "max(tp1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(1, 2, 3)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp1[0:3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp1.index(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp1.count(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Dictionaries and Sets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d1 = dict()\n",
    "d2 = {}\n",
    "d3 = {'nom':'Azdad','prenom':'Anas','age':22, 4:5}\n",
    "d4 = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d3[4]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(d3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'a'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "min(d4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del(d4['a'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'b': 2, 'c': 3}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d4.clear()\n",
    "d4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "nom   Azdad\n",
      "prenom   Anas\n",
      "age   22\n",
      "4   5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for indices, values in d3.items():\n",
    "    print(indices, ' ', values)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "nom\n",
      "prenom\n",
      "age\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for indices in d3.keys():\n",
    "    print(indices)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Azdad\n",
      "Anas\n",
      "22\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for values in d3.values():\n",
    "    print(values)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d3.pop(4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n",
    "lt_dt = {i:lt[i] for i in range(len(lt))}\n",
    "lt_dt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 'anas'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = ['anas', 5, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'anas', 1, 1]\n",
    "ens = set(lt)\n",
    "ens"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'set' object is not subscriptable",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_30060/3208747743.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mens\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'set' object is not subscriptable"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ens[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "set"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ens1 = {'anas',1, 'anas'}\n",
    "type(ens1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{1, 'anas'}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ens1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Mutable and Immutable Objects"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**Mutable Types :** Lists, dictionaries, and sets.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Immutable Types :** Int, Float, String, Boolean, Lists."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2596621161152\n",
      "2596510527088\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']\n",
    "a = 43\n",
    "print(id(lt))\n",
    "print(id(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2596591758016\n",
      "2596510527312\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt += 'g'\n",
    "a += 7\n",
    "print(id(lt))\n",
    "print(id(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2596621161152\n",
      "2596510527088\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt2 = lt\n",
    "b = a\n",
    "print(id(lt2))\n",
    "print(id(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(lt2 is lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "43\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b += 12\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'h', 'h']\n",
      "2596621161152\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt2.append('h')\n",
    "print(lt)\n",
    "print(id(lt2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tp = ('hello', 12, lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt.append('i')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('hello', 12, ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'h', 'h', 'i'])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(tp)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Functions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "7 1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def somme_1(a,b):\n",
    "    print(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "def somme_2(a,b):\n",
    "    return a + b\n",
    "\n",
    "def somme_soustraction(a,b):\n",
    "    return a + b, a - b\n",
    "\n",
    "somme_1(1,2)\n",
    "print(somme_2(1,3))\n",
    "s, d = somme_soustraction(4,3)\n",
    "print(s, d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a,b,c = [int(i) for i in input(\"Donnez trois valeurs :\").split(\",\")]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'> 2 3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(type(a),b,c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Anas Dabaghi\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def fct(prenom, nom=\"Azdad\"):\n",
    "    print(prenom, nom)\n",
    "    \n",
    "fct(\"Anas\", \"Dabaghi\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "22 (1, 2, 3) {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def fct2(age, *lt, **dict):\n",
    "    print(age, lt, dict)\n",
    "\n",
    "fct2(22,1,2,3,a=1,b=2,c=3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_10812/898679384.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtp\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'a'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'b'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mtp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'b'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tp = ('a', 'b')\n",
    "tp[0] = ('b')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# File Paths"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from os.path import basename, dirname, isfile, normpath, join\n",
    "import os"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:\\\\Users\\\\Anas\\\\Videos\\\\YOUTUBE\\\\imgs\\\\Python\\\\Tutorial'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "os.getcwd()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:\\\\Users\\\\Anas\\\\Videos\\\\YOUTUBE\\\\imgs\\\\Python'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dirname(os.getcwd())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Tutorial'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "basename(os.getcwd())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "isfile(os.getcwd())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:/Users/Anas'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "join(\"c:/\", 'Users/Anas')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:\\\\Users\\\\Anas\\\\Videos\\\\YOUTUBE\\\\imgs\\\\Python\\\\Tutorial\\\\text.txt'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "join(\"c:\\\\Users\\\\Anas\\\\Videos\\\\YOUTUBE\\\\imgs\\\\Python\\\\Tutorial\", 'text.txt')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "anas\\azdad\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"anas\\\\azdad\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'Hello World !'\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "with open(join(r\"c://\\Users//Anas//Videos//YOUTUBE//imgs//Python//Tutorial\", 'text.txt'), 'rb') as f:\n",
    "    print(f.read())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'c:\\\\Users\\\\Anas\\\\Videos\\\\YOUTUBE\\\\imgs\\\\Python\\\\Tutorial\\\\text.txt'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "normpath(join(r\"c://\\Users//Anas//\\/\\\\//Videos//YOUTUBE//imgs//Python//Tutorial\", 'text.txt'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Random Module"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import random as rand"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rand.randrange(1,6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lt = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'b'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rand.choice(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.36124031046585225"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rand.random()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['d', 'e', 'b']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rand.sample(lt, 3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rand.shuffle(lt)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['c', 'a', 'e', 'd', 'b']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rand.randint(3,7)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Regular Expressions (Regex)\n",
    "https://www.pythontutorial.net/python-regex/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Part 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import re"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='abc'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'^abc', 'abc Hello World !! abc H') # ^ : caret"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "re.match(r'abc', 'as abc Hello World !! abc H') # starts with / the same rule as ^"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='abc'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'^abc$', 'abc')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(0, 3), match='abc'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.fullmatch(r'abc', 'abc') # starts and ends with / just like ^ and $"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(6, 11), match='abc !'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc .', 'hello abc !world')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Repetition qualifiers:  (*, +, ?, {m,n}, etc)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(6, 10), match='ab !'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc* .', 'hello ab !world') # 0, 1, ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(6, 13), match='abccc !'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc+ .', 'hello abccc !world') # 1, ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc? .', 'hello abccc !world') # 0, 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc{1,3} .', 'hello abcccc !world') # 1 -> 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(6, 13), match='abccc !'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc{2,} .', 'hello abccc !world') # 2, ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<re.Match object; span=(6, 10), match='ab !'>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.search(r'abc{,2} .', 'hello ab !world') # 0, 1, ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Part 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['abc', 'Abc', 'abc']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'abc', 'Hello abc World Abc ! abc', re.IGNORECASE) # Flag"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Special Sequences"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\A :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\AHel', '@ Hello abc World Abc ! abc') # ^ or .match()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\Z :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Hel']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'Hel\\Z', '@ Hello abc World Abc ! abc Hel') # $"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\b :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Wo', 'Wo']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\bwo', '@ Hello abc World Wow Abc ! wide abc', re.IGNORECASE) # the start of a word"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['o', 'o']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'o\\b', '@ Hello abc World Wow Abc ! wide abco', re.IGNORECASE) # the end of a word"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\B :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['wo']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\Bwo', '@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc ! wide abc', re.IGNORECASE) # Not the start of a word"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['ld']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'ld\\B', '@ Hello aldbwoc World Wow Abc ! wide abc', re.IGNORECASE) # Not the end of a word"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\d :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['66', '555']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\d+', '@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\D :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc ', ' ! wide abc ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\D+', '@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\w :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Hello', 'abwoc', 'World', 'Wow', 'Abc', '66', 'wide', 'abc', '555', '_']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\w+', '@ Hello abwoc World # Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555 _')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\W :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@ ', ' ', ' ', ' # ', ' ', ' ', ' ! ', ' ', ' ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\W+', '@ Hello abwoc World # Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\s :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\s+', '@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### \\S :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@', 'Hello', 'abwoc', 'World', 'Wow', 'Abc', '66', '!', 'wide', 'abc', '555']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\\S+', '@ Hello abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@', 'Hello ', ' abwoc World Wow Abc ', ' 66 ! wide ', ' abc 555']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.split(r'-', '@-Hello - abwoc World Wow Abc - 66 ! wide - abc 555')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@', 'Hello ', ' abwoc World Wow Abc - 66 ! wide - abc 555']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.split(r'-', '@-Hello - abwoc World Wow Abc - 66 ! wide - abc 555', 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['@', 'Hello ', ' abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'@-Hello - abwoc World Wow Abc 66 ! wide abc 555'.split('-')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Part 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'212677854222'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.sub('\\D+', '', '+(212)-677-854-222')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('212677854222', 6)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.subn('\\D', '', '+(212)-677-854-222')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Set of characters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[abc]', 'aHello bworld !! a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['aHello', 'bworld', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[a-zA-Z]+', 'aHello bworld !! a') # Range"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['5', '41']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[0-5]+', 'aHello 7 bworld !!56 41 a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['56', '41']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[0-5][0-6]', 'aHello 7 bworld !!56 41 a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Hello ', 'world !! ', 'fternoon ']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[^abc]+', 'aHello bworld !! afternoon a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['[ aHello ] - $ bworld ^ ', ' afternoon a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[-a [^b$\\]c$]+', '[ aHello ] - $ bworld ^ !! afternoon a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['aHello', 'bworld', 'afternoon', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[\\w]+', '[ aHello ] - $ bworld ^ !! afternoon a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['a', 'b', 'a', 'a']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall('[ab$c$]', 'aHell  o bworld !! afternoon a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Part 4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<re.Match object; span=(0, 5), match='Hello'>\n",
      "<re.Match object; span=(6, 11), match='world'>\n",
      "<re.Match object; span=(12, 14), match='11'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "matches = re.finditer(r'\\w+', \"Hello world 11 !\")\n",
    "for match in matches:\n",
    "    print(match)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n",
      "world\n",
      "11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "matches = re.finditer(r'\\w+', \"Hello world 11 !\")\n",
    "for match in matches:\n",
    "    print(match.group())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(0, 5)\n",
      "(6, 11)\n",
      "(12, 14)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "matches = re.finditer(r'\\w+', \"Hello world 11 !\")\n",
    "for match in matches:\n",
    "    print(match.span())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Alternation: |"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['world']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'hello|world', 'world 22 #')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('11', ':', '32'), ('10', ':', '20'), ('22', ':', '50')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# hh:mm\n",
    "re.findall(r'([01]\\d|2[0-3])(:)([0-5]\\d)', '11:32 33:40 12:66 10:20 22:50') # 00:23 / 00:59"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11:32\n",
      "10:20\n",
      "22:50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for match in re.finditer(r'([01]\\d|2[0-3]):([0-5]\\d)', '11:32 33:40 12:66 10:20 22:50'): # 00:23 / 00:59\n",
    "    print(match.group(0))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "11\n",
      "10\n",
      "22\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for match in re.finditer(r'([01]\\d|2[0-3]):([0-5]\\d)', '11:32 33:40 12:66 10:20 22:50'): # 00:23 / 00:59\n",
    "    print(match.group(1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "32\n",
      "20\n",
      "50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for match in re.finditer(r'([01]\\d|2[0-3]):([0-5]\\d)', '11:32 33:40 12:66 10:20 22:50'): # 00:23 / 00:59\n",
    "    print(match.group(2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Greedy Quantifiers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['\"#\" class=\"link-primary\"']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\".+\"', '<a href=\"#\" class=\"link-primary\">Primary link</a>') # Backtracking"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['#', 'link-primary']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'\"(.+?)\"', '<a href=\"#\" class=\"link-primary\">Primary link</a>') # Backtracking"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Groups"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Capturing Groups"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import re"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('fichier', '12'), ('dossier', '35'), ('file', '1'), ('image', '2')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = \"fichier_12 Regular expressions dossier_35 Hello file_1 image_2\"\n",
    "re.findall(r'(\\w+)_(\\d+)', s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "fichier_12\n",
      "dossier_35\n",
      "file_1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in re.finditer(r'(\\w+)_(\\d+)', s):\n",
    "    print(i.group(0)) # the same of i.group()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "fichier\n",
      "dossier\n",
      "file\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in re.finditer(r'(\\w+)_(\\d+)', s):\n",
    "    print(i.group(1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12\n",
      "35\n",
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in re.finditer(r'(\\w+)_(\\d+)', s):\n",
    "    print(i.group(2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'type': 'fichier', 'number': '12'}\n",
      "{'type': 'dossier', 'number': '35'}\n",
      "{'type': 'file', 'number': '1'}\n",
      "{'type': 'image', 'number': '2'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in re.finditer(r'(?P<type>\\w+)_(?P<number>\\d+)', s):\n",
    "    print(i.groupdict())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12\n",
      "35\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in re.finditer(r'(?P<type>\\w+)_(?P<number>\\d+)', s):\n",
    "    print(i.groupdict()['number'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Non Capturing Groups"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['12', '35', '1']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'(?:\\w+)_(\\d+)', s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Alternation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('fichier', '1'), ('file', '1'), ('image', '2')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s = \"fichier_12 Regular expressions dossier_35 Hello file_1 image_2\"\n",
    "re.findall(r'(\\w+)_(1|2)', s)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('file', '1', ' '), ('image', '2', '')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r'(\\w+)_(1|2)(\\D|$)', s) # To specify that we want exactly 1 or 2, not 12 or 13 ..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Backreferences"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'regular expressions are great'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "s2 = \"regular regular expressions are great\"\n",
    "re.sub(r'(\\w+)\\s+\\1', r'\\1' , s2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exercices\n",
    "https://www.w3resource.com/python-exercises/re/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Write a Python program to convert a date of yyyy-mm-dd format to dd-mm-yyyy format"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'today is 11-21-2022'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = \"today is 2022-21-11\"\n",
    "re.sub(r'(\\d{4})-(\\d{1,2})-(\\d{1,2})', r'\\3-\\2-\\1', st)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'get_first'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = \"getFirst\"\n",
    "re.sub(r'([a-z]+)([A-Z][a-z]+)', r'\\1_\\2', st).lower()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'getFirst'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = \"get_first\"\n",
    "''.join([re.split('_', st)[0]] + [word.capitalize() for word in re.split('_', st)[1:]])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Nice one', 'Thanks']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = '\"Nice one\", he said \"Thanks\"'\n",
    "re.findall(r'\"(.+?)\"', st)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Nice one', 'Thanks']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = '\"Nice one\", he said \"Thanks\"'\n",
    "re.findall(r'\"([^\"]+)\"', st)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Write a Python program that checks whether a word stars and ends with a vowel in a given string. Return true if a word matches the condition; otherwise, return false"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Orange', 'apple']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st1 = \"Red Orange White apple\"\n",
    "re.findall(r'\\b[aeiou].*?[aeiou]\\b', st1, re.IGNORECASE)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Check whether the first word ends with a vowel and the next word begins with a vowel"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('These', 'exercises'), ('be', 'used')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st1 = \"These exercises can be used for practice.\"\n",
    "re.findall(r'(\\b\\w+?[aeiou]\\b) (\\b[aeiou]\\w+?\\b)', st1, re.IGNORECASE)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    " Write a Python program to insert spaces between words starting with capital letters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Python Exercises Practice Solution'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "st = \"PythonExercisesPracticeSolution\"\n",
    "' '.join(re.findall(r'[A-Z][a-z]+', st))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Python Exercises Practice Solution'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.sub(r\"(\\w)([A-Z])\", r\"\\1 \\2\", st)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('n', 'E'), ('s', 'P'), ('e', 'S')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "re.findall(r\"(\\w)([A-Z])\", st)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "remove words between 1 and 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " quick brown jumps over lazy.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import re\n",
    "text = \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\"\n",
    "shortword = re.compile(r'\\W*\\b\\w{1,3}\\b')\n",
    "print(shortword.sub('', text))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n",
      "True\n",
      "False\n",
      "True\n",
      "False\n",
      "False\n",
      "False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def is_decimal(num):\n",
    "    import re\n",
    "    dnumre = re.compile(r\"^\\d+(\\.\\d{1,2})$\")\n",
    "    result = dnumre.search(num)\n",
    "    return bool(result)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(is_decimal('123.11'))\n",
    "print(is_decimal('123.1'))\n",
    "print(is_decimal('123'))\n",
    "print(is_decimal('0.21'))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(is_decimal('123.1214'))\n",
    "print(is_decimal('3.124587'))\n",
    "print(is_decimal('e666.86'))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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