diff --git a/src/flat_mae/masking.py b/src/flat_mae/masking.py
index 400baf6..e010c21 100644
--- a/src/flat_mae/masking.py
+++ b/src/flat_mae/masking.py
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 # References:
 # capi: https://github.com/facebookresearch/capi/blob/main/data.py
 
+import math
 import torch
+import random
+import numpy as np
 import torch.nn as nn
 import torch.nn.functional as F
+from einops import rearrange
 from torch import Tensor
 from torch.utils.data import default_collate
 from jaxtyping import Float, Int
@@ -78,13 +82,162 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(mask_ratio=mask_ratio, img_size=img_size, patch_size=patch_size)
 
 
-# TODO:
-# - inverse block masking
+def _make_block_mask(x: int, y: int, h: int, w: int, shape: tuple[int, int], roll: bool = True) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """
+    Make a rectangular block mask where (x, y) is the block center, (h, w) is the block
+    shape, and shape is the grid shape.
 
+    If roll is True, the mask is wrapped around the edges, and otherwise cropped.
+    """
+    H, W = shape
+
+    # (x, y) is box center
+    top = y - h // 2
+    left = x - w // 2
+
+    # row and column indices of the block (possibly over the edges)
+    y_ids = torch.arange(top, top + h)
+    x_ids = torch.arange(left, left + w)
+
+    # handle edges. wrap around if roll is true, otherwise clip.
+    # note that if roll is not enabled, the box can be smaller than (h, w).
+    if roll:
+        y_ids = y_ids % H
+        x_ids = x_ids % W
+    else:
+        y_ids = y_ids[(y_ids >= 0) & (y_ids < H)]
+        x_ids = x_ids[(x_ids >= 0) & (x_ids < W)]
+
+    # create block mask as intersection of row and column mask.
+    y_mask = torch.zeros(shape)
+    y_mask[y_ids, :] = 1
+    x_mask = torch.zeros(shape)
+    x_mask[:, x_ids] = 1
+    mask = y_mask * x_mask
+    return mask
+
+
+def _inverse_block_masking(
+    mask: torch.Tensor,
+    *,
+    mask_ratio: float,
+    patch_size: int | tuple[int, int],
+    roll: bool = True,
+    min_aspect: float = 1.0,
+    max_aspect: float | None = None,
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Sample an inverse block mask on a 2D tensor shape (H, W)."""
+
+    H, W = mask.shape # shape of the mask
+    p, q = to_2tuple(patch_size)
+
+    grid_h = H // p
+    grid_w = W // q
+
+    # patchify mask to [grid_h, grid_w]
+    mask_patches = rearrange(
+        mask,
+        "(h p) (w q) -> (h w) (p q)",
+        h=grid_h,
+        w=grid_w,
+        p=p,
+        q=q,
+    )
+    L, D = mask_patches.shape
+
+    patch_mask = mask_patches.sum(dim=-1).clip(max=1)
+    patch_mask = patch_mask.reshape(grid_h, grid_w)
+
+    len_keep = int((1 - mask_ratio) * L)
+    total_patches = int(patch_mask.sum().item())
+    len_keep = min(len_keep, total_patches)
+
+    max_aspect = max_aspect or 1 / min_aspect
+    min_lar, max_lar = (
+        np.log(min_aspect),
+        np.log(max_aspect),
+    )  # get the aspect ratio in log space to treat the ratios symmetrically
+    # sample an aspect ratio
+    # note that we don't need to worry whether the aspect is too big/small to fit in the
+    # image, since we scale the box below anyway.
+    aspect_ratio = math.exp(np.random.uniform(min_lar, max_lar))
+
+    # height and width of the block given the aspect ratio
+    # len_keep: h * w
+    # aspect: h / w
+    h = math.ceil(math.sqrt(len_keep * aspect_ratio))
+    w = math.ceil(math.sqrt(len_keep / aspect_ratio))
+
+    # sample a random position for the box center
+    y = random.randint(0, grid_h - 1)
+    x = random.randint(0, grid_w - 1)
+
+    # increase the block size until it covers enough valid patches
+    scale = 1.2
+    h_, w_ = h, w
+    while True:
+        block_mask = _make_block_mask(x, y, h_, w_, (grid_h, grid_w), roll=roll)
+        block_mask = patch_mask * block_mask
+        if block_mask.sum() >= len_keep:
+            break
+        h_ = math.ceil(scale * h_)
+        w_ = math.ceil(scale * w_)
+
+    # truncate ids to exactly len_keep
+    # flip a coin to remove from top or bottom
+    # note this is similar to capi, but they only remove from bottom
+    ids_keep = block_mask.flatten().nonzero(as_tuple=False).squeeze()
+    if random.randint(0, 1):
+        ids_keep = ids_keep[:len_keep]
+    else:
+        ids_keep = ids_keep[len(ids_keep) - len_keep :]
+
+    visible_mask_patches = torch.zeros_like(mask_patches)
+    visible_mask_patches[ids_keep] = 1
+    visible_mask = rearrange(
+        visible_mask_patches,
+        "(h w) (p q) -> (h p) (w q)",
+        h=grid_h,
+        w=grid_w,
+        p=p,
+        q=q,
+    )
+    return visible_mask
+
+class InverseBlockMasking(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mask_ratio: float,
+        img_size: int | tuple[int, int],
+        patch_size: int | tuple[int, int],
+        *,
+        roll: bool = True,
+        min_aspect: float = 1.0,
+        max_aspect: float | None = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.mask_ratio = mask_ratio
+        self.img_size = to_2tuple(img_size)
+        self.patch_size = to_2tuple(patch_size)
+        self.roll = roll
+        self.min_aspect = min_aspect
+        self.max_aspect = max_aspect
+        self.inverse_block_masking = _inverse_block_masking
+
+    def forward(self, img_mask: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.inverse_block_masking(
+            img_mask, 
+            mask_ratio=self.mask_ratio, 
+            patch_size=self.patch_size, 
+            roll=self.roll, 
+            min_aspect=self.min_aspect, 
+            max_aspect=self.max_aspect
+        )
 
 MASKING_DICT = {
     "random": RandomMasking,
     "tube": TubeMasking,
+    "inverse": InverseBlockMasking,
 }