如上一节所示,很容易检索整个表。只需省略SELECT语句中的WHERE子句即可。但通常你不想看到整个表,特别是当它数据变得很多的时候。相反,你通常更有兴趣回答一个特定的问题,在这种情况下,你指定一些约束你想要的信息。让我们看看一些选择查询的问题。
您可以从表中选择特定的行。例如,如果您想要验证您对Bowser的出生日期所做的更改,请选择Bowser的记录,如下所示:
mysql>SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name = 'Bowser';
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
输出确认年份正确记录为1989年,而不是1979年。
字符串比较通常不区分大小写,因此您可以指定名称为“bowser”,“BOWSER”等。查询结果相同。
您可以在任何列上的指定条件,而不仅仅是名称。例如,如果你想知道哪些动物出生在1998年或之后,测试出生栏:
mysql>SELECT * FROM pet WHERE birth >= '1998-1-1';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
您可以组合条件,例如,定位雌性狗:
mysql>SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
上述查询使用AND逻辑运算符。此外,还有一个OR运算符:
mysql>SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'snake' OR species = 'bird';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
AND和OR可以混合,虽然AND具有比OR更高的优先级。如果使用两个运算符,最好使用括号来明确指示条件应如何分组:
mysql>SELECT * FROM pet WHERE (species = 'cat' AND sex = 'm')
->OR (species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f');
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+