Remove `postIterationCallbacks` from `ParticleSet.execute()` #674

Job	Run time
mypy	3m 33s
py3.13 \| macos \| integration tests	12m 56s
py3.13 \| macos \| unit tests	10m 0s
py3.13 \| ubuntu \| integration tests	13m 29s
py3.13 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	9m 18s
py3.13 \| windows \| integration tests	23m 55s
py3.10 \| ubuntu \| integration tests	13m 34s
py3.13 \| windows \| unit tests	13m 37s
py3.10 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	10m 24s
py3.11 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	9m 43s
py3.12 \| ubuntu \| unit tests	10m 4s
merge-test-artifacts	2s
	2h 10m 35s

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