ReverseGeocode.php

<?php
/**
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 *
 * This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2022 by the Nominatim developer community.
 * For a full list of authors see the git log.
 */

namespace Nominatim;

require_once(CONST_LibDir.'/Result.php');

class ReverseGeocode
{
    protected $oDB;
    protected $iMaxRank = 28;


    public function __construct(&$oDB)
    {
        $this->oDB =& $oDB;
    }


    public function setZoom($iZoom)
    {
        // Zoom to rank, this could probably be calculated but a lookup gives fine control
        $aZoomRank = array(
                      0 => 2, // Continent / Sea
                      1 => 2,
                      2 => 2,
                      3 => 4, // Country
                      4 => 4,
                      5 => 8, // State
                      6 => 10, // Region
                      7 => 10,
                      8 => 12, // County
                      9 => 12,
                      10 => 17, // City
                      11 => 17,
                      12 => 18, // Town / Village
                      13 => 18,
                      14 => 22, // Suburb
                      15 => 22,
                      16 => 26, // major street
                      17 => 27, // minor street
                      18 => 30, // or >, Building
                      19 => 30, // or >, Building
                     );
        $this->iMaxRank = (isset($iZoom) && isset($aZoomRank[$iZoom]))?$aZoomRank[$iZoom]:28;
    }

    /**
     * Find the closest interpolation with the given search diameter.
     *
     * @param string $sPointSQL   Reverse geocoding point as SQL
     * @param float  $fSearchDiam Search diameter
     *
     * @return Record of the interpolation or null.
     */
    protected function lookupInterpolation($sPointSQL, $fSearchDiam)
    {
        Debug::newFunction('lookupInterpolation');
        $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id, parent_place_id, 30 as rank_search,';
        $sSQL .= '  (CASE WHEN endnumber != startnumber';
        $sSQL .= '        THEN (endnumber - startnumber) * ST_LineLocatePoint(linegeo,'.$sPointSQL.')';
        $sSQL .= '        ELSE startnumber END) as fhnr,';
        $sSQL .= '  startnumber, endnumber, step,';
        $sSQL .= '  ST_Distance(linegeo,'.$sPointSQL.') as distance';
        $sSQL .= ' FROM location_property_osmline';
        $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', linegeo, '.$fSearchDiam.')';
        $sSQL .= '       and indexed_status = 0 and startnumber is not NULL ';
        $sSQL .= '       and parent_place_id != 0';
        $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC limit 1';
        Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

        return $this->oDB->getRow(
            $sSQL,
            null,
            'Could not determine closest housenumber on an osm interpolation line.'
        );
    }

    protected function lookupLargeArea($sPointSQL, $iMaxRank)
    {
        if ($iMaxRank > 4) {
            $aPlace = $this->lookupPolygon($sPointSQL, $iMaxRank);
            if ($aPlace) {
                return new Result($aPlace['place_id']);
            }
        }

        // If no polygon which contains the searchpoint is found,
        // searches in the country_osm_grid table for a polygon.
        return  $this->lookupInCountry($sPointSQL, $iMaxRank);
    }

    protected function lookupInCountry($sPointSQL, $iMaxRank)
    {
        Debug::newFunction('lookupInCountry');
        // searches for polygon in table country_osm_grid which contains the searchpoint
        // and searches for the nearest place node to the searchpoint in this polygon
        $sSQL = 'SELECT country_code FROM country_osm_grid';
        $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_CONTAINS(geometry, '.$sPointSQL.') LIMIT 1';
        Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

        $sCountryCode = $this->oDB->getOne(
            $sSQL,
            null,
            'Could not determine country polygon containing the point.'
        );
        Debug::printVar('Country code', $sCountryCode);

        if ($sCountryCode) {
            if ($iMaxRank > 4) {
                // look for place nodes with the given country code
                $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id FROM';
                $sSQL .= ' (SELECT place_id, rank_search,';
                $sSQL .= '         ST_distance('.$sPointSQL.', geometry) as distance';
                $sSQL .= ' FROM placex';
                $sSQL .= ' WHERE osm_type = \'N\'';
                $sSQL .= ' AND country_code = \''.$sCountryCode.'\'';
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search < 26 '; // needed to select right index
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search between 5 and ' .min(25, $iMaxRank);
                $sSQL .= ' AND class = \'place\' AND type != \'postcode\'';
                $sSQL .= ' AND name IS NOT NULL ';
                $sSQL .= ' and indexed_status = 0 and linked_place_id is null';
                $sSQL .= ' AND ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', geometry, 1.8)) p ';
                $sSQL .= 'WHERE distance <= reverse_place_diameter(rank_search)';
                $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY rank_search DESC, distance ASC';
                $sSQL .= ' LIMIT 1';
                Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

                $aPlace = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine place node.');
                Debug::printVar('Country node', $aPlace);

                if ($aPlace) {
                    return new Result($aPlace['place_id']);
                }
            }

            // still nothing, then return the country object
            $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id, ST_distance('.$sPointSQL.', centroid) as distance';
            $sSQL .= ' FROM placex';
            $sSQL .= ' WHERE country_code = \''.$sCountryCode.'\'';
            $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search = 4 AND rank_address = 4';
            $sSQL .= ' AND class in (\'boundary\',  \'place\')';
            $sSQL .= ' AND linked_place_id is null';
            $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC';
            Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

            $aPlace = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine place node.');
            Debug::printVar('Country place', $aPlace);
            if ($aPlace) {
                return new Result($aPlace['place_id']);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Search for areas or nodes for areas or nodes between state and suburb level.
     *
     * @param string $sPointSQL Search point as SQL string.
     * @param int    $iMaxRank  Maximum address rank of the feature.
     *
     * @return Record of the found feature or null.
     *
     * Searches first for polygon that contains the search point.
     * If such a polygon is found, place nodes with a higher rank are
     * searched inside the polygon.
     */
    protected function lookupPolygon($sPointSQL, $iMaxRank)
    {
        Debug::newFunction('lookupPolygon');
        // polygon search begins at suburb-level
        if ($iMaxRank > 25) {
            $iMaxRank = 25;
        }
        // no polygon search over country-level
        if ($iMaxRank < 5) {
            $iMaxRank = 5;
        }
        // search for polygon
        $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id, parent_place_id, rank_address, rank_search FROM';
        $sSQL .= '(select place_id, parent_place_id, rank_address, rank_search, country_code, geometry';
        $sSQL .= ' FROM placex';
        $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_GeometryType(geometry) in (\'ST_Polygon\', \'ST_MultiPolygon\')';
        // Ensure that query planner doesn't use the index on rank_search.
        $sSQL .= ' AND coalesce(rank_search, 0) between 5 and ' .$iMaxRank;
        $sSQL .= ' AND rank_address between 4 and 25'; // needed for index selection
        $sSQL .= ' AND geometry && '.$sPointSQL;
        $sSQL .= ' AND type != \'postcode\' ';
        $sSQL .= ' AND name is not null';
        $sSQL .= ' AND indexed_status = 0 and linked_place_id is null';
        $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY rank_search DESC LIMIT 50 ) as a';
        $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_Contains(geometry, '.$sPointSQL.' )';
        $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY rank_search DESC LIMIT 1';
        Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

        $aPoly = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine polygon containing the point.');
        Debug::printVar('Polygon result', $aPoly);

        if ($aPoly) {
        // if a polygon is found, search for placenodes begins ...
            $iRankAddress = $aPoly['rank_address'];
            $iRankSearch = $aPoly['rank_search'];
            $iPlaceID = $aPoly['place_id'];

            if ($iRankSearch != $iMaxRank) {
                $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id FROM ';
                $sSQL .= '(SELECT place_id, rank_search, country_code, geometry,';
                $sSQL .= ' ST_distance('.$sPointSQL.', geometry) as distance';
                $sSQL .= ' FROM placex';
                $sSQL .= ' WHERE osm_type = \'N\'';
                // using rank_search because of a better differentiation
                // for place nodes at rank_address 16
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search > '.$iRankSearch;
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search <= '.$iMaxRank;
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_search < 26 '; // needed to select right index
                $sSQL .= ' AND rank_address > 0';
                $sSQL .= ' AND class = \'place\'';
                $sSQL .= ' AND type != \'postcode\'';
                $sSQL .= ' AND name IS NOT NULL ';
                $sSQL .= ' AND indexed_status = 0 AND linked_place_id is null';
                $sSQL .= ' AND ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', geometry, reverse_place_diameter('.$iRankSearch.'::smallint))';
                $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC,';
                $sSQL .= ' rank_address DESC';
                $sSQL .= ' limit 500) as a';
                $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_CONTAINS((SELECT geometry FROM placex WHERE place_id = '.$iPlaceID.'), geometry )';
                $sSQL .= ' AND distance <= reverse_place_diameter(rank_search)';
                $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC, rank_search DESC';
                $sSQL .= ' LIMIT 1';
                Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

                $aPlaceNode = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine place node.');
                Debug::printVar('Nearest place node', $aPlaceNode);
                if ($aPlaceNode) {
                    return $aPlaceNode;
                }
            }
        }
        return $aPoly;
    }


    public function lookup($fLat, $fLon, $bDoInterpolation = true)
    {
        return $this->lookupPoint(
            'ST_SetSRID(ST_Point('.$fLon.','.$fLat.'),4326)',
            $bDoInterpolation
        );
    }

    public function lookupPoint($sPointSQL, $bDoInterpolation = true)
    {
        Debug::newFunction('lookupPoint');
        // Find the nearest point
        $fSearchDiam = 0.006;
        $oResult = null;
        $aPlace = null;

        // for POI or street level
        if ($this->iMaxRank >= 26) {
            // starts if the search is on POI or street level,
            // searches for the nearest POI or street,
            // if a street is found and a POI is searched for,
            // the nearest POI which the found street is a parent of is chosen.
            $sSQL = 'select place_id,parent_place_id,rank_address,country_code,';
            $sSQL .= ' ST_distance('.$sPointSQL.', geometry) as distance';
            $sSQL .= ' FROM ';
            $sSQL .= ' placex';
            $sSQL .= '   WHERE ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', geometry, '.$fSearchDiam.')';
            $sSQL .= '   AND';
            $sSQL .= ' rank_address between 26 and '.$this->iMaxRank;
            $sSQL .= ' and (name is not null or housenumber is not null';
            $sSQL .= ' or rank_address between 26 and 27)';
            $sSQL .= ' and (rank_address between 26 and 27';
            $sSQL .= '      or ST_GeometryType(geometry) != \'ST_LineString\')';
            $sSQL .= ' and class not in (\'boundary\')';
            $sSQL .= ' and indexed_status = 0 and linked_place_id is null';
            $sSQL .= ' and (ST_GeometryType(geometry) not in (\'ST_Polygon\',\'ST_MultiPolygon\') ';
            $sSQL .= ' OR ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', centroid, '.$fSearchDiam.'))';
            $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC limit 1';
            Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

            $aPlace = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine closest place.');

            Debug::printVar('POI/street level result', $aPlace);
            if ($aPlace) {
                $iPlaceID = $aPlace['place_id'];
                $oResult = new Result($iPlaceID);
                $iRankAddress = $aPlace['rank_address'];
            }

            if ($aPlace) {
                // if street and maxrank > streetlevel
                if ($iRankAddress <= 27 && $this->iMaxRank > 27) {
                    // find the closest object (up to a certain radius) of which the street is a parent of
                    $sSQL = ' select place_id,';
                    $sSQL .= ' ST_distance('.$sPointSQL.', geometry) as distance';
                    $sSQL .= ' FROM ';
                    $sSQL .= ' placex';
                    // radius ?
                    $sSQL .= ' WHERE ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', geometry, 0.001)';
                    $sSQL .= ' AND parent_place_id = '.$iPlaceID;
                    $sSQL .= ' and rank_address > 28';
                    $sSQL .= ' and ST_GeometryType(geometry) != \'ST_LineString\'';
                    $sSQL .= ' and (name is not null or housenumber is not null)';
                    $sSQL .= ' and class not in (\'boundary\')';
                    $sSQL .= ' and indexed_status = 0 and linked_place_id is null';
                    $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC limit 1';
                    Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

                    $aStreet = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine closest place.');
                    Debug::printVar('Closest POI result', $aStreet);

                    if ($aStreet) {
                        $aPlace = $aStreet;
                        $oResult = new Result($aStreet['place_id']);
                        $iRankAddress = 30;
                    }
                }

                  // In the US we can check TIGER data for nearest housenumber
                if (CONST_Use_US_Tiger_Data
                    && $iRankAddress <= 27
                    && $aPlace['country_code'] == 'us'
                    && $this->iMaxRank >= 28
                ) {
                    $sSQL = 'SELECT place_id,parent_place_id,30 as rank_search,';
                    $sSQL .= '      (endnumber - startnumber) * ST_LineLocatePoint(linegeo,'.$sPointSQL.') as fhnr,';
                    $sSQL .= '      startnumber, endnumber, step,';
                    $sSQL .= '      ST_Distance('.$sPointSQL.', linegeo) as distance';
                    $sSQL .= ' FROM location_property_tiger WHERE parent_place_id = '.$oResult->iId;
                    $sSQL .= ' AND ST_DWithin('.$sPointSQL.', linegeo, 0.001)';
                    $sSQL .= ' ORDER BY distance ASC limit 1';
                    Debug::printSQL($sSQL);

                    $aPlaceTiger = $this->oDB->getRow($sSQL, null, 'Could not determine closest Tiger place.');
                    Debug::printVar('Tiger house number result', $aPlaceTiger);

                    if ($aPlaceTiger) {
                        $aPlace = $aPlaceTiger;
                        $oResult = new Result($aPlaceTiger['place_id'], Result::TABLE_TIGER);
                        $iRndNum = max(0, round($aPlaceTiger['fhnr'] / $aPlaceTiger['step']) * $aPlaceTiger['step']);
                        $oResult->iHouseNumber = $aPlaceTiger['startnumber'] + $iRndNum;
                        if ($oResult->iHouseNumber > $aPlaceTiger['endnumber']) {
                            $oResult->iHouseNumber = $aPlaceTiger['endnumber'];
                        }
                        $iRankAddress = 30;
                    }
                }
            }

            if ($bDoInterpolation && $this->iMaxRank >= 30) {
                $fDistance = $fSearchDiam;
                if ($aPlace) {
                    // We can't reliably go from the closest street to an
                    // interpolation line because the closest interpolation
                    // may have a different street segments as a parent.
                    // Therefore allow an interpolation line to take precedence
                    // even when the street is closer.
                    $fDistance = $iRankAddress < 28 ? 0.001 : $aPlace['distance'];
                }

                $aHouse = $this->lookupInterpolation($sPointSQL, $fDistance);
                Debug::printVar('Interpolation result', $aPlace);

                if ($aHouse) {
                    $oResult = new Result($aHouse['place_id'], Result::TABLE_OSMLINE);
                    $iRndNum = max(0, round($aHouse['fhnr'] / $aHouse['step']) * $aHouse['step']);
                    $oResult->iHouseNumber = $aHouse['startnumber'] + $iRndNum;
                    if ($oResult->iHouseNumber > $aHouse['endnumber']) {
                        $oResult->iHouseNumber = $aHouse['endnumber'];
                    }
                    $aPlace = $aHouse;
                }
            }

            if (!$aPlace) {
                // if no POI or street is found ...
                $oResult = $this->lookupLargeArea($sPointSQL, 25);
            }
        } else {
            // lower than street level ($iMaxRank < 26 )
            $oResult = $this->lookupLargeArea($sPointSQL, $this->iMaxRank);
        }

        Debug::printVar('Final result', $oResult);
        return $oResult;
    }
}