diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7c1500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+*.a
+*.so.*
+*.1
+*.o
+*.bak
+*.exe
+examples/read
+examples/write
+examples/write2
+examples/version
+examples/unicode
+html
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a9ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 3, 29 June 2007
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+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+ 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+
+ Copyright (C)
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see .
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+ If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+ Copyright (C)
+ This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+ This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+ under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+.
+
+ The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
+.
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..07aa4b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+#
+# Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+#
+# All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+# licensing conditions.
+
+CC := cc
+AR := ar
+INSTALL := install
+CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wno-unused-parameter -g
+LDFLAGS := -g
+DESTDIR :=
+PREFIX := /usr/local
+
+sonum := 1
+sominnum := 0
+soname := libtinyclipboard.so.$(sonum)
+realname := $(soname).$(sominnum)
+
+all: compile
+
+tinyclipboard.o: src/tinyclipboard.c include/tinyclipboard.h
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -c -o $@
+tinyclipboard.fpic.o: src/tinyclipboard.c include/tinyclipboard.h
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC $< -c -o $@
+libtinyclipboard.a: tinyclipboard.o
+ $(AR) rcs $@ $<
+$(realname): tinyclipboard.fpic.o
+ $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -shared -Wl,-soname,$(soname) -o $@ $<
+
+compile: libtinyclipboard.a $(realname)
+
+examples_x11: compile
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include read.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -lX11 -o read
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include write.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -lX11 -o write
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include write2.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -lX11 -o write2
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include version.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -lX11 -o version
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include unicode.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -lX11 -o unicode
+
+examples_win32: compile
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include read.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -o read
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include write.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -o write
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include write2.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -o write2
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include version.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -o version
+ cd examples && $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDLFLAGS) -I../include unicode.c ../libtinyclipboard.a -o unicode
+
+install: compile
+ $(INSTALL) -m 0644 -D include/tinyclipboard.h $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/include/tinyclipboard.h
+ $(INSTALL) -m 0644 -D libtinyclipboard.so.1.0 $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/lib/libtinyclipboard.so.1.0
+ $(INSTALL) -m 0644 -D libtinyclipboard.a $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/lib/libtinyclipboard.a
+ for manpage in `ls man/*.3` ; do \
+ $(INSTALL) -m 0644 -D $$manpage $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/man/man3/`basename $$manpage` ; \
+ done
+
+clean:
+ rm -f *.o *.a *.so.*
+ rm -f examples/{read,write,write2,version}
+ rm -rf html
+
+htmlman:
+ mkdir -p html
+ for manpage in `ls man/*.3` ; do \
+ groff -k -T html -m mandoc $$manpage > html/`basename $$manpage | sed s/\\\./_/`.html ; \
+ done
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4c6f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+tinyclipboard
+=============
+
+tinyclipboard is a cross-platform C library for accessing the
+operating system’s clipboard. It is intended to be as standalone as
+possible and not depend on any external libraries except those
+absolutely required for clipboard access (e.g. libX11 for X
+servers). Especially it is independant from any large GUI toolkit
+libraries.
+
+tinyclipboard gives access to read and write text strings from and to
+the clipboard. Images and other nontextual data formats are not
+supported.
+
+The library puts a strong focus on UTF-8 text. Any string you retrieve
+from the clipboard will be returned to you in UTF-8, and any string
+you pass is expected to be encoded in UTF-8. Under the hood,
+tinyclipboard takes care of converting the UTF-8 string into the
+encoding used by the underlying clipboard system.
+
+Supported systems
+-----------------
+
+These operating systems and graphics stacks are supported currently:
+
+* Linux systems using X11
+* Windows
+
+Building
+--------
+
+You can build and use the tinyclipboard library in one of three ways:
+
+1. Compile and use it as a static library as part of your project
+ (recommended)
+2. Compile and use it directly in your project
+3. Compile and use it as a dynamic library
+
+The tinyclipboard library consists of one header file and one C
+sourcecode file. It is recommended to build tinyclipboard as part of
+your project and link it into your executable as a static library
+(option 1 above). Since it is such a small library, you might also
+consider to simply drop the two files directly into your project
+without a separate library step (option 2, see below for more
+information). Finally, tinyclipboard’s Makefile also builds a dynamic
+library (option 3).
+
+To build the static and dynamic library files, issue
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+$ make
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+in the project directory. You will be left with both a `.a` file
+(static library) and a `.so` file (dynamic library) in the project
+root directory.
+
+If you wish to install the tinyclipboard library to your system
+instead of building it as part of your project, you can issue the
+usual
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+$ make install
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+command. The `install` task understands the usual `PREFIX` and
+`DESTDIR` variables in case you need them.
+
+If you want to build the tinyclipboard library as part of your
+project, simply drop the header and C source code file into your
+source tree and have your preferred build system compile and link them
+in. The only thing to consider here is that you need to link in libX11
+(`-lX11`) when you build your program for an X11 system. If you are
+building an application with a graphical user interface, chances are
+high that you need to link in libX11 anyawy.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+There are some examples of use provided in the `examples/` directory
+in the source tree. To build them, issue one of:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+$ make examples_x11 # X11 systems
+$ make examples_win32 # Windows systems
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+in the toplevel directory. The different commands are to accomodate
+the different linking needs (X11 systems need `-lX11` to be linked in).
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+The tinyclipboard library provides three main functions:
+
+* `tiny_clipread()`, which returns the content of the clipboard.
+* `tiny_clipwrite()`, which replaces the content of the clipboard.
+* `tiny_clipnwrite()`, which is the same as `tiny_clipwrite()` with
+ the exception that it allows to embed NUL bytes into the clipboard
+ on X11.
+
+For version information, the `tiny_clipversion()` function is
+available.
+
+Minimal example of how to read from the clipboard:
+
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+int main()
+{
+ char* str = tiny_clipread(NULL);
+ if (str) {
+ printf("The clipboard contains: '%s'\n", str);
+ free(str);
+ }
+ else {
+ printf("No text in clipboard.\n");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Writing is a little more difficult especially on X11 systems. Refer to
+the tiny_clipwrite(3) and tiny_clipnwrite(3) manpages.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+Full and detailed documentation of the functions provided by the
+tinyclipboard library is available in form of manpages in the `man/`
+directory of the source tree. Each function is described in detail,
+usually with examples.
+
+Contact information
+-------------------
+
+The tinyclipboard library was written by Marvin Gülker
+.
+
+If you find any bugs or want to contribute to the tinyclipboard
+library, feel free to contact me under this email address.
+
+Licensing
+---------
+
+For normal use, I offer the tinyclipboard library under the terms of
+the GNU GPLv3+ license. For other licensing options, please contact me
+under the email address mentioned above.
+
+### GPL statement
+
+tinyclipboard is a cross-platform clipboard library written in C.
+Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program. If not, see .
diff --git a/examples/read.c b/examples/read.c
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ef54789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/read.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include
+#include "tinyclipboard.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+ /* Full example with length query */
+ int len = 0;
+ char* str = tiny_clipread(&len);
+
+ if (str) {
+ printf("The clipboard contains %d bytes: '%s'\n", len, str);
+ free(str);
+ }
+ else {
+ printf("No text in clipboard or no clipboard owner.\n");
+ }
+
+ /* Query for a NUL-terminated string only */
+ str = tiny_clipread(NULL);
+ if (str) {
+ printf("The clipboard contains: '%s'\n", str);
+ free(str);
+ }
+ else {
+ printf("No text in clipboard or no clipboard owner.\n");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/unicode.c b/examples/unicode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6400b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/unicode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include
+#include "tinyclipboard.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+ /* Fix buffer problem with mintty. */
+ setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+#endif
+
+ /* If your editor does not display all these Unicode characters,
+ * you need to switch to a font that contains them. Similaryly,
+ * if the application you paste this text into does not display
+ * the characters, you need to set it to use a different font that
+ * contains the glyphs in question. */
+ tiny_clipwrite("Umlaut ü, Buckel-ß, greek β. This is cool™. More‽ ☺\n");
+
+ /* Clipboard may vanish on X11 if we exit, so don't. */
+ for(;;)
+ sleep(1);
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/version.c b/examples/version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2a029d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include "tinyclipboard.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+ printf("%s\n", tiny_clipversion());
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/write.c b/examples/write.c
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c021cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include
+#include "tinyclipboard.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+ /* Fix buffer problem with mintty. */
+ setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+#endif
+
+ tiny_clipwrite("This is a test.\n");
+
+ /* Clipboard may vanish on X11 if we exit, so don't. */
+ for(;;)
+ sleep(1);
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/write2.c b/examples/write2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a105f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/write2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include "tinyclipboard.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+ /* Fix buffer problem with mintty. */
+ setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+#endif
+
+ printf("Writing 'This is a test' to the clipboard.\n");
+ if (tiny_clipwrite("This is a test.") != -1)
+ printf("Success.\n");
+ else
+ printf("Failure.\n");
+
+ sleep(10);
+
+ printf("Writing 'another test' to the clipboard.\n");
+ if (tiny_clipnwrite("another test", strlen("another test")) != -1)
+ printf("Success.\n");
+ else
+ printf("Failure.\n");
+
+ sleep(10);
+
+ printf("Exiting.\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
diff --git a/include/tinyclipboard.h b/include/tinyclipboard.h
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2e7adf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/tinyclipboard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#ifndef TINYCLIPBOARD_H
+#define TINYCLIPBOARD_H
+#define TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION 20160100L
+#define TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION_POSTFIX ""
+
+const char* tiny_clipversion();
+char* tiny_clipread(int* len);
+int tiny_clipwrite(const char* text);
+int tiny_clipnwrite(const char* text, int len);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/man/tiny_clipnwrite.3 b/man/tiny_clipnwrite.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0351331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tiny_clipnwrite.3
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+.\" tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+.\"
+.\" All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+.\" licensing conditions.
+.TH tiny_clipnwrite "3" "January 2016" "Marvin Gülker" "tinyclipboard"
+.SH NAME
+tiny_clipwrite, tiny_clipnwrite \- Write to the OS clipboard
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include
+.sp
+.B int tiny_clipnwrite\fR(\fBconst char*\fR \fItext\fR, \fBint\fR \fIlen\fR);
+.B int tiny_clipwrite\fR(\fBconst char*\fR \fItext\fR);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR function reads \fIlen\fR bytes from the
+string buffer pointed to by \fItext\fR and writes them to the
+underlying graphics stack’s clipboard. There are no size checks
+performed while reading from the buffer, so that this function allows
+you to embed \fBNUL\fR bytes into the clipboard. It is your
+responsibility to set the \fIlen\fR argument accordingly. \fItext\fR is
+expected to be encoded in UTF-8 regardless of the current locale’s
+encoding.
+
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR function behaves like the
+\fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR function, except that it determines the length
+of the string to write to the clipboard by utilising the \fBstrlen(3)\fR
+function on its \fItext\fR argument. It is thus not possible to copy a
+string containing \fBNUL\fR bytes into the clipboard using this
+function; use \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR if you need to do this.
+
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR functions
+return 0 if the data was written successfully into the operating
+system’s clipboard. Otherwise they return -1 and set \fIerrno\fR to
+indicate the error.
+
+.SH ERRORS
+.SS X11 systems
+.PP
+This function indicates the following errors on systems using an X11
+server for graphics management:
+
+.TP
+.BR ECHILD
+Error when trying to create the child process (see \fBNOTES\fR below).
+.TP
+.BR ECONNREFUSED
+Failed to connect to the X server. This most likely means that your
+program is not run in a graphical environment (for example, it may be
+run from the Linux virtual console).
+.TP
+.BR EPIPE
+Child process pipe creation failure (see \fBNOTES\fR below).
+
+.SS Win32 systems
+.PP
+This function indicates the following errors on Windows systems:
+
+.TP
+.BR EAGAIN
+Another process has opened the clipboard currently.
+.TP
+.BR ECANCELED
+Unexpected function failure after using a Windows API function as
+advertised by a prior return value. Encountering this \fIerrno\fR
+value might indicate a bug in \fItinyclipboard\fR.
+.TP
+.BR EINVAL
+The \fItext\fR argument was not valid UTF-8.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTSUP
+Creation of the invisible GUI window (see \fBNOTES\fR below) failed.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Writing a string into the clipboard
+
+.PP
+This example writes a static string into the operating system’s
+clipboard.
+
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fB
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+int main() {
+ if (tiny_clipwrite("This is an example.") < 0) {
+ perror("Failed to write clipboard");
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ printf("Wrote clipboard successfully.\\n");
+ }
+
+ /* Keep program running so it also works on X11 systems without
+ * a clipboard manager. */
+ getchar();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+\fR
+.RE
+
+.SH NOTES
+.PP
+The clipboard is a highly operating-system specific resource. The
+\fItinyclipboard\fR library strives to hide the complexities of
+certain system’s clipboard systems (especially X11’s) behind a set of
+simple, highlevel functions that allow the programmer to uniformly
+access any supported operating system’s clipboard system. This
+highlevel interface sacrifices access to some more granular features
+each of the respective systems provides, but if you need these, you
+should probably not be using a cross-platform clipboard library
+anyway.
+
+.PP
+Across all operating systems and graphics stacks, the
+\fBtiny_cipnwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR functions do not
+require your application to be a GUI application. However, they open
+invisible windows to interact with the clipboard if it is
+required. From this follows that while you do not have to create your
+application as a GUI application, you have to link in your system’s
+native graphics library (e.g., \fB-lX11\fR on Linux) and your users
+must be running your program in their graphical environment. Running
+your program from a Linux virtual console will not work (the functions
+will return -1 and set \fIerrno\fR to \fBECONNREFUSED\fR).
+
+.PP
+What follows are descriptions of certain problems that arise with any
+one supported operating system’s clipboard system.
+
+.SS X11 systems
+.PP
+The X11 clipboard system is really complex. It consists of three
+so-called “selections” that can be “owned” at any time by any X
+client. The owner of such a selection is responsible for serving the
+requests other X clients make to him for access of the clipboard’s
+content. As a consequence, \fIthe clipboard’s content is not a global
+resource on X11\fR. Global is only the knowledge of the client owning
+the selection. Due to this ownership system, the content of any
+selection vanishes if the owner X11 connection dies (= the window
+closes).
+
+.PP
+The three selections are called \fBPRIMARY\fR, \fBSECONDARY\fR, and
+\fBCLIPBOARD\fR. The first two are unique to X11 and have no
+counterpart on other graphics systems; the \fBPRIMARY\fR selection can
+be set in most applications by marking text with the mouse cursor, and
+retrieved by pressing the middle mouse button. The \fBSECONDARY\fR
+selection is not used by anybody. The \fBCLIPBOARD\fR selection is
+usually accessed via pull-down menus or the well-known key
+combinations \fBCTRL+C\fR and \fBCTRL+V\fR; this is the only selection
+\fItinyclipboard\fR gives you access to for the sake of simplicity. It
+is also the only selection that ordinary users know about.
+
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR functions on
+X11 first try to communicate with a special X11 background program
+called a “clipboard manager”. This is a program intended to solve the
+vanishing problem indicated above; an example for such a program is
+the \fBxclipboard(1)\fR application. These programs announce their
+existance to the X11 server, and capable clients — like
+\fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR — query this
+information. If these functions find a clipboard manager exists, they
+will write their \fItext\fR argument into the clipboard manager and
+then return immediately. The clipboard manager takes over ownership of
+the \fBCLIPBOARD\fR selection and from now on serves the requests of
+other X clients.
+
+.PP
+While most major X desktop environments come with a clipboard manager
+program this is not necessaryly true for small desktop environments or
+individual program combinations. Even experienced Linux users do not
+know about the existance of a clipboard manager, and every once in a
+while they wonder why their clipboard content vanishes on their own
+system, while for example it doesn’t do that on a major Linux
+distribution. The \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR
+functions thus do not give up if there is no clipboard manager
+available. Instead, they call \fBfork(2)\fR to create a subprocess,
+have this subprocess create an invisible X11 client window, and set
+this window to be the owner of the \fBCLIPBOARD\fR selection. They
+then communicate the desired content of the selection via a pipe to
+the child process. Any further calls to the two functions will skip
+the call to \fBfork(2)\fR if the child process still exists and instead
+write the clipboard data directly onto the pipe, where the child
+process notices it. When the child now receives a clipboard access
+request, it replies with the current “content” of the clipboard,
+i.e. the \fItext\fR argument of the last call to one of the two
+functions.
+
+.PP
+As soon as the parent process finishes or the clipboard ownership is
+taken away from the child process (e.g., by hitting \fBCTRL+C\fR in
+another window and thus making that window the owner of
+\fBCLIPBOARD\fR), the child process exits. As the child does not
+decouple from the parent process, \fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR and
+\fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR install an \fBatexit(3)\fR handler that sweeps
+the process so that a zombie process is prevented.
+
+.SS Win32 systems
+.PP
+The clipboard system on Windows is modelled around a global pointer as
+a resource shared between multiple applications. When an application
+wants to write to the clipboard, it first opens the global clipboard
+resource, excluding everybody else from accessing it (even for read
+access). It then empties the clipboard, which causes the Win32
+system's OS kernel to free the previous global pointer (yes, the
+pointer is freed by the kernel, not by the application). The kernel
+immediately afterwards assigns ownership of the clipboard to the calling
+process, which is now obleged to allocate a new buffer, store its data
+in it, and hand the pointer to this buffer over to the clipboard
+system. When done, the process closes the clipboard, but formally
+remains owner of the clipboard until another process wants to write
+into the clipboard or it exits. As far as I was able to see, this
+ownership does not involve any duties if one does not use delayed
+rendering (which \fItinyclipboard\fR does not do).
+
+.PP
+Since the OS kernel manages the memory of the clipboard content, the
+content does not vanish if the application closes as it does with
+X11 (see above). Still, to write to the clipboard a temporary
+invisible window is required, which is created by
+\fBtiny_clipwrite()\fR and \fBtiny_clipnwrite()\fR on the fly and
+destroyed before the functions return. This does not mean you have to
+create your Win32 application as a GUI application using a
+\fBWinMain()\fR function; the functions are smart enough to create
+their own GUI space. They will work with both console applications and
+GUI applications.
+
+.PP
+It appears to be possible to write \fBNUL\fR bytes into the Windows
+clipboard, but it is impossible to retrieve them again from there as
+the clipboard functions available from the Win32API do not support
+querying the size of the clipboard. They assume any text on the
+clipboard is terminated with a \fBNUL\fR byte. For the sake of
+portability, you should thus refrain from using \fBNUL\fR bytes in
+your clipboard content if your application needs to run on Windows.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+\fBtiny_clipread(3)\fR
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+The \fItinyclipboard\fR library was written by Marvin Gülker .
diff --git a/man/tiny_clipread.3 b/man/tiny_clipread.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eceb2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tiny_clipread.3
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+.\" tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+.\"
+.\" All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+.\" licensing conditions.
+.TH tiny_clipread "3" "January 2016" "Marvin Gülker" "tinyclipboard"
+.SH NAME
+tiny_clipread \- Read from the OS clipboard
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include
+.sp
+.B char* tiny_clipread\fR(\fBint*\fR \fIlen\fR);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipread()\fR function reads arbitary data from the
+operating system’s clipboard, allocates a new string by means of
+\fBmalloc(3)\fR, copies the data there, and returns the newly
+allocated string. In the \fIlen\fR argument it returns the number of
+bytes allocated and returned. In case of failure no string is
+allocated, \fBNULL\fR is returned and \fI*len\fR is left
+untouched.
+
+.PP
+The returned string is guaranteed to end with a \fBNUL\fR byte, but if
+you want to handle \fBNUL\fR bytes within the clipboard data, you
+should instead rely on the value returned in the \fIlen\fR
+argument. If \fIlen\fR is \fBNULL\fR, the argument is ignored (and you
+have to rely on the terminating \fBNUL\fR of the returned string
+alone).
+
+.PP
+The data returned is encoded in UTF-8 regardless of the current
+locale’s encoding. This includes Win32 systems.
+
+.PP
+The caller of this function is obleged to \fBfree(3)\fR the memory
+returned.
+
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.PP
+On a successful retrieval, the \fBtiny_clipread()\fR function returns
+a dynamically allocated copy of the data in the operating system’s
+clipboard that must be handed to \fBfree(3)\fR once you are done with
+it. If the retrieval fails, the function returns \fBNULL\fR and sets
+\fIerrno\fR to indicate the error.
+
+.SH ERRORS
+.SS X11 systems
+.PP
+This function indicates the following errors on systems using an X11
+server for graphics management:
+
+.TP
+.BR EAGAIN
+There is no clipboard owner currently which could be queried for
+anything.
+.TP
+.BR ECANCELED
+Unexpected function failure after using an Xlib function as advertised
+by a prior return value. Encountering this \fIerrno\fR value might
+indicate a bug in \fItinyclipboard\fR.
+.TP
+.BR ECONNREFUSED
+Failed to connect to the X server. This most likely means that your
+program is not run from within a graphical environment (e.g., from the
+Linux virtual console).
+.TP
+.BR ENOTSUP
+The clipboard contains non-text data.
+.TP
+.BR EOVERFLOW
+The number of bytes in the clipboard was too large to be stored in an
+\fBint\fR. X11 supports much larger clipboard texts (actually
+\fBunsigned long\fR bytes long ones), but \fBint\fR is the only type
+that works cross-platform for all clipboard APIs and is thus the
+maximum capacity supported by \fItinylcipboard\fR.
+
+.SS Win32 systems
+.PP
+This function indicates the following errors on Windows systems:
+
+.TP
+.BR EAGAIN
+Another process has opened the clipboard currently.
+.TP
+.BR ECANCELED
+Unexpected function failure after using a Windows API function as
+advertised by a prior return value. Encountering this \fIerrno\fR
+value might indicate a bug in \fItinyclipboard\fR.
+.TP
+.BR EILSEQ
+The clipboard's content was advertised as text, but was invalid
+UTF-16 (in contrast to \fBENOTSUP\fR, which means the clipboard's
+content was not even advertised as text).
+.TP
+.BR ENOTSUP
+The clipboard contains non-text data.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Reading a string from the clipboard
+.PP
+This example reads an ordinary string from the operating system’s
+clipboard.
+
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fB
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+int main()
+{
+ int len = 0;
+ char* str = tiny_clipread(&len);
+
+ if (str) {
+ printf("Read %d bytes from the clipboard: %s\\n", len, str);
+ }
+ else {
+ perror("Failed to read from the clipboard");
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* Do not forget to free the returned pointer. */
+ free(str);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+\fR
+.RE
+
+.SH NOTES
+.PP
+The clipboard is a highly operating-system specific resource. The
+\fItinyclipboard\fR library strives to hide the complexities of
+certain system’s clipboard systems (especially X11’s) behind a set of
+simple, highlevel functions that allow the programmer to uniformly
+access any supported operating system’s clipboard system. This
+highlevel interface sacrifices access to some more granular features
+each of the respective systems provides, but if you need these, you
+should probably not be using a cross-platform clipboard library
+anyway.
+
+.PP
+Across all operating systems and graphics stacks, the
+\fBtiny_clipread()\fR function does not require your application to be
+a GUI application. However, it opens invisible windows to interact
+with the clipboard if it is required. From this follows that while you
+do not have to create your application as a GUI application, you have
+to link in your system’s native graphics library (e.g., \fB-lX11\fR on
+Linux) and your users must be running your program in their graphical
+environment. Running your program from a Linux virtual console will
+not work (the function will return -1 and set \fIerrno\fR to
+\fBECONNREFUSED\fR).
+
+.PP
+What follows are descriptions of certain problems that arise with any
+one supported operating system’s clipboard system.
+
+.SS Unix/X11
+.PP
+The X11 clipboard system is really complex. It consists of three
+so-called “selections” that can be “owned” at any time by any X
+client. The owner of such a selection is responsible for serving the
+requests other X clients make to him for access of the clipboard’s
+content. As a consequence, \fIthe clipboard’s content is not a global
+resource on X11\fR. Global is only the knowledge of the client owning
+the selection. Due to this ownership system, the content of any
+selection vanishes if the owner X11 connection dies (= the window
+closes).
+
+.PP
+The three selections are called \fBPRIMARY\fR, \fBSECONDARY\fR, and
+\fBCLIPBOARD\fR. The first two are unique to X11 and have no
+counterpart on other graphics systems; the \fBPRIMARY\fR selection can
+be set in most applications by marking text with the mouse cursor, and
+retrieved by pressing the middle mouse button. The \fBSECONDARY\fR
+selection is not used by anybody. The \fBCLIPBOARD\fR selection is
+usually accessed via pull-down menus or the well-known key
+combinations \fBCTRL+C\fR and \fBCTRL+V\fR; this is the only selection
+\fItinyclipboard\fR gives you access to for the sake of simplicity. It
+is also the only selection that ordinary users know about.
+
+.SS Win32
+.PP
+The clipboard system on Windows is modelled around a global pointer as
+a resource shared between multiple applications. When an application
+wants to write to the clipboard, it first opens the global clipboard
+resource, excluding everybody else from accessing it (even for read
+access). It then empties the clipboard, which causes the Win32
+system's OS kernel to free the previous global pointer (yes, the
+pointer is freed by the kernel, not by the application). The kernel
+immediately afterwards assigns ownership of the clipboard to the calling
+process, which is now obleged to allocate a new buffer, store its data
+in it, and hand the pointer to this buffer over to the clipboard
+system. When done, the process closes the clipboard, but formally
+remains owner of the clipboard until another process wants to write
+into the clipboard or it exits. As far as I was able to see, this
+ownership does not involve any duties if one does not use delayed
+rendering (which \fItinyclipboard\fR does not do).
+
+.PP
+Since the OS kernel manages the memory of the clipboard content, the
+content does not vanish if the application closes as it does with
+X11 (see above).
+
+.PP
+In contrast to X11 (and even \fBtiny_clipwrite(3)\fR and
+\fBtiny_clipnwrite(3)\fR on Win32 systems) read access to the
+clipboard does not require an (invisible) window to be created, but
+merely acquiring the clipboard for a moment. On Windows, reading the
+clipboard thus does not involve any GUI functionality.
+
+.PP
+It appears to be possible to write \fBNUL\fR bytes into the Windows
+clipboard, but it is impossible to retrieve them again from there as
+the clipboard functions available from the Win32API do not support
+querying the size of the clipboard. They assume any text on the
+clipboard is terminated with a \fBNUL\fR byte. For the sake of
+portability, you should thus refrain from using \fBNUL\fR bytes in
+your clipboard content if your application needs to run on Windows.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+.B tiny_cipwrite(3) tiny_clipnwrite(3)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+The \fItinyclipboard\fR library was written by Marvin Gülker .
diff --git a/man/tiny_clipversion.3 b/man/tiny_clipversion.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e3a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tiny_clipversion.3
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.\" tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+.\"
+.\" All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+.\" licensing conditions.
+.TH tiny_clipversion "3" "January 2016" "Marvin Gülker" "tinyclipboard"
+.SH NAME
+tiny_clipversion \- tinyclipboard version information
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include
+.sp
+.B #define TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION
+.sp
+.B const char* tiny_clipversion\fR(\fBvoid\fR);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+The \fBtiny_clipversion()\fR function gives information about the
+version of the \fItinyclipboard\fR library in use, condensed into one
+string.
+
+.PP
+The \fBTINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION\fR macro provides the same information,
+but separated into components you can check against. It is defined as
+the version number as an ordinary number of form \fBYYYYMMPPL\fR,
+where \fBYYYY\fR denotes the year, \fBMM\fR denotes the month (with a
+leading zero if it is a month < 10), \fBPP\fR denotes the patch
+release number (again with a leading zero or even with two zeros for
+the first release in a month) and \fBL\fR is literal (i.e. denotes a
+\fBlong int\fR constant value). For example, it may have the value
+\fB20160100L\fR, which means the release was made in January 2016, and
+it was the first of any releases in January. If it had the value
+\fB20160101L\fR, then it would be the second release in January 2016.
+
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.PP
+This function returns a pointer to statically allocated memory that
+contains the version information as a \fBNUL\fR-terminated string that
+does not end with a newline. It must not be freed.
+
+.PP
+The macro is defined as a literal constant of type \fBlong int\fR.
+
+.SH ERRORS
+.PP
+None.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.PP
+None.
+
+.SH NOTES
+.PP
+The \fItinyclipboard\fR library follows a simplistic versioning
+scheme that is mostly based on the release date. The version number is
+of form \fBYY.MM\fR, which refers to the shorted year and the number
+of the month the release was made in. If multiple releases are made in
+the same month, the version number becomes \fBYY.MM.PP\fR, where
+\fBPP\fR is the number of the followup release (\fBPP\fR can never be
+zero, as it then falls off). \fBPP\fR has no leading zeros, but
+\fBMM\fR has. Note that it it rather unlikely that I do more than nine
+releases in a month.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+None.
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+The \fItinyclipboard\fR library was written by Marvin Gülker .
diff --git a/man/tiny_clipwrite.3 b/man/tiny_clipwrite.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205aba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tiny_clipwrite.3
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+.\" tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+.\"
+.\" All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+.\" licensing conditions.
+.TH tiny_clipwrite "3" "January 2016" "Marvin Gülker" "tinyclipboard"
+.SH NAME
+tiny_clipwrite \- Write a string to the OS clipboard
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include
+.sp
+.B int tiny_clipwrite\fR(\fBconst char*\fR \fItext\fR);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+Refer to \fBtiny_clipnwrite(3)\fR.
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+The \fItinyclipboard\fR library was written by Marvin Gülker .
diff --git a/src/tinyclipboard.c b/src/tinyclipboard.c
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e7baa06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tinyclipboard.c
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+/* tinyclipboard - a cross-platform C library for accessing the clipboard.
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016 Marvin Gülker
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. See the README and LICENSE files for the
+ * licensing conditions.
+ */
+
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+#if defined(__unix__)
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+/* Helper variables */
+static pid_t s_cb_pid = 0;
+static Window s_clipowner_window = None;
+
+/* Helper functions */
+static void finish_subprocess_on_exit(void);
+static void child_handle_sigint(int);
+static void own_x11_clipboard(int filedes);
+static void handle_x11_selectionrequest(Display* p_display, XEvent evt, const char* cliptext, int textlen);
+static bool write_to_clipboard_manager(const char* cliptext, int len);
+static void get_clipboard_text(int filedes, char** p_str, int* p_len);
+
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define WINVER 0x0600 /* >= Windows Vista */
+#include
+
+/* Helper functions */
+LRESULT Win32MessageHandler(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam);
+#else
+#error Dont know how to access the clipboard on this OS!
+#endif
+
+#include "../include/tinyclipboard.h"
+
+/*
+ * Resources:
+ * - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10570315/clipboard-selection-transfer-does-not-work
+ * - https://web.archive.org/web/20120923013354/http://michael.toren.net/mirrors/doc/X-copy+paste.txt
+ * - https://github.com/Quintus/imitator/blob/master/imitator_x/ext/clipboard.c
+ * - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Clipboard
+ * - https://wiki.freedesktop.org/www/ClipboardManager/
+ * - http://www.x.org/docs/ICCCM/icccm.pdf
+ * - xclip(1) sources
+ *
+ * - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa383745%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+ * - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd374131%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+ * - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd374130%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+ * - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms648709%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+ */
+
+/****************************************
+ * Public API
+ ***************************************/
+
+char* tiny_clipread(int* len)
+{
+#if defined(__unix__)
+ Display* p_display = NULL;
+ Window window = None;
+ XEvent evt;
+ Atom clipboard;
+ Atom utf8;
+ Atom store_prop;
+
+ p_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+ if (!p_display) {
+ errno = ECONNREFUSED;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Allocate atoms */
+ clipboard = XInternAtom(p_display, "CLIPBOARD", False); /* CLIPBOARD is the atom for the win32-like clipboard */
+ utf8 = XInternAtom(p_display, "UTF8_STRING", True); /* Resource for UTF-8 text */
+ store_prop = XInternAtom(p_display, "TINYCLIP_STORE", False); /* Our custom window property for storage */
+
+ /* Check if there is a clipboard owner that can answer me */
+ if (XGetSelectionOwner(p_display, clipboard) == None) {
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ errno = EAGAIN;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Request selection content */
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(p_display, XDefaultRootWindow(p_display), 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+ XConvertSelection(p_display, clipboard, utf8, store_prop, window, CurrentTime);
+
+ /* X11 will send us a SelectionNotify event when the result
+ * is available from the owner. */
+ for(;;) {
+ XNextEvent(p_display, &evt);
+ if (evt.type == SelectionNotify) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* property is None here if the owner is unable to convert the
+ * selection to the requested format (UTF-8 text). */
+ if (evt.xselection.property == None) {
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ errno = ENOTSUP;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else {
+ Atom actual_type;
+ int actual_format = 0;
+ unsigned long nitems = 0;
+ unsigned long bytes_left = 0;
+ int bytes = 0;
+ unsigned char* property = NULL;
+ char* outbuf = NULL;
+
+ /* Get the length of the data that was stored in our property. */
+ if (XGetWindowProperty(p_display, window, store_prop,
+ 0, 0, False,
+ AnyPropertyType, &actual_type, &actual_format,
+ &nitems, &bytes_left, &property) != Success) {
+ /* In theory, we should never get here */
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ errno = ECANCELED;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* I need to constrain to int as the largest common type */
+ if (bytes_left + 1 > INT_MAX) {
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ errno = EOVERFLOW;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Prepare return buffer (with terminating NUL) */
+ outbuf = (char*) calloc(bytes_left + 1, sizeof(char));
+ bytes = (int) bytes_left; /* INT_MAX checked above */
+
+ /* Retrieval requested with enough space */
+ if (XGetWindowProperty(p_display, window, store_prop,
+ 0, bytes_left /* / 8 ?? */, False,
+ AnyPropertyType, &actual_type, &actual_format,
+ &nitems, &bytes_left, &property) != Success) {
+ /* In theory, we should never get here */
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ errno = ECANCELED;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Copy the data (note `bytes_left' is 0 here, hence I use `bytes',
+ * which was set above). */
+ strncpy(outbuf, (char*)property, bytes);
+ if (len)
+ *len = bytes;
+
+ /* Cleanup */
+ XFree(property);
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+
+ /* Finish */
+ return outbuf;
+ }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+ HGLOBAL global_handle = NULL;
+ LPWSTR cliptext = NULL;
+ int bufsize = 0;
+ char* outbuf = NULL;
+
+ if (!IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_UNICODETEXT)) {
+ /* Unsupported data format */
+ errno = ENOTSUP;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ if (!OpenClipboard(NULL)) {
+ /* Another application has the clipboard open */
+ errno = EAGAIN;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ global_handle = GetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT);
+ if (!global_handle) {
+ /* Clipboard owner lied before and has no unicode data */
+ CloseClipboard();
+ errno = ENOTSUP;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ cliptext = GlobalLock(global_handle);
+ bufsize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, cliptext, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+ if (!bufsize) {
+ /* There was invalid UTF-16 on the clipboard */
+ GlobalUnlock(global_handle);
+ CloseClipboard();
+ errno = EILSEQ;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ outbuf = calloc(bufsize, 1);
+ bufsize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, cliptext, -1, outbuf, bufsize, NULL, NULL);
+ if (!bufsize) {
+ /* This should not happen in theory */
+ free(outbuf);
+ GlobalUnlock(global_handle);
+ CloseClipboard();
+ errno = ECANCELED;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Cleanup */
+ GlobalUnlock(global_handle);
+ CloseClipboard();
+
+ if (len)
+ *len = bufsize;
+
+ return outbuf;
+#else
+#error Dont know how to read the clipboard on this platform!
+#endif
+}
+
+int tiny_clipnwrite(const char* text, int len)
+{
+#if defined(__unix__)
+ static unsigned short tries = 0;
+ static int pipefds[2];
+ static int has_registered_exit_handler = 0;
+ Display* p_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+
+ if (!p_display) { /* No X11 server running */
+ errno = ECONNREFUSED;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ else {
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ }
+
+ /* If a clipboard manager can take over, we do not do all this
+ * hard fork() work and simply have it serve the content. */
+ if (write_to_clipboard_manager(text, len))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (!s_cb_pid) { /* No clipboard handler process has been spawned yet. Do it now. */
+ if (tries++ > 3) {
+ /* 3 times in a row failed while recursing,
+ * fail finally to prevent endless recursion. */
+ tries = 0;
+ errno = ECHILD;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Create child communication pipe */
+ if (pipe(pipefds) < 0) {
+ errno = EPIPE;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* I don't want this pipe to block; see get_clipboard_text(). */
+ fcntl(pipefds[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+
+ switch(s_cb_pid = fork()) { /* single = intended */
+ case -1:
+ /* fork failed, clean things up. */
+ s_cb_pid = 0;
+ close(pipefds[0]);
+ close(pipefds[1]);
+ errno = ECHILD;
+ return -1;
+ case 0: /* child */
+ /* Close pipe ending we do not use */
+ close(pipefds[1]);
+
+ /* Loop */
+ signal(SIGINT, child_handle_sigint);
+ own_x11_clipboard(pipefds[0]);
+
+ /* Cleanup and exit */
+ close(pipefds[0]);
+ exit(0);
+ return 0; /* not reached */
+ default: /* parent */
+ /* Close pipe ending we do not use */
+ close(pipefds[0]);
+
+ /* Register our friendly process killer exactly once. */
+ if (!has_registered_exit_handler) {
+ atexit(finish_subprocess_on_exit);
+ has_registered_exit_handler = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* Recurse so we reach the other if branch */
+ return tiny_clipnwrite(text, len);
+ }
+ }
+ else { /* Existing clipboard handler process */
+ if (waitpid(s_cb_pid, NULL, WNOHANG) != 0) {
+ /* Child process died, recreate it */
+ s_cb_pid = 0;
+ close(pipefds[1]);
+
+ return tiny_clipnwrite(text, len);
+ }
+ else { /* Process is still alive */
+ /* Write length and text into the child process */
+ write(pipefds[1], &len, sizeof(int)); /* yes, raw byte value! */
+ write(pipefds[1], text, len);
+
+ tries = 0; /* Reset process death counter */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+ HWND window = NULL;
+ HGLOBAL global_handle;
+ LPWSTR cliptext_utf16;
+ int charcount;
+ MSG message;
+ BOOL result;
+ static bool class_registered = false;
+
+ /* Register our window class only on the first call */
+ if (!class_registered) {
+ WNDCLASSEXW windowclass;
+ memset(&windowclass, '\0', sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
+
+ windowclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
+ windowclass.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) Win32MessageHandler;
+ windowclass.lpszClassName = L"TinyClipboardWindowClass";
+
+ if (RegisterClassExW(&windowclass)) {
+ class_registered = true;
+ }
+ else {
+ errno = ENOTSUP;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ window = CreateWindowW(L"TinyClipboardWindowClass", L"TinyClipboard window",
+ 0, CW_USEDEFAULT,
+ CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
+ CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,
+ NULL, NULL);
+ if (!window) {
+ errno = ENOTSUP;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ UpdateWindow(window);
+
+ /* Acquire clipboard ownership. */
+ if (!OpenClipboard(window)) {
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ errno = EAGAIN;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ EmptyClipboard();
+
+ /* Determine size of this in UTF-16 */
+ charcount = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, text, (int) len, NULL, 0);
+ if (!charcount) {
+ /* User passed invalid UTF-8 */
+ CloseClipboard();
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ errno = EINVAL;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Allocate system-global memory chunk. */
+ global_handle = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, charcount * sizeof(WCHAR) + 2); /* Terminating UTF-16 NUL-NUL */
+ cliptext_utf16 = GlobalLock(global_handle);
+
+ /* Write string as UTF-16 into the clipboard. */
+ memset(cliptext_utf16, '\0', charcount * sizeof(WCHAR) + 2);
+ charcount = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, text, (int) len, cliptext_utf16, charcount);
+ if (!charcount) {
+ GlobalFree(global_handle); /* probably includes GlobalUnlock() */
+ CloseClipboard();
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ errno = EINVAL;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Hand the pointer over to the OS, which will take care
+ * of freeing it and detaching it from this process so
+ * that is stays around even after the application has
+ * closed. */
+ if(!SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, global_handle)) {
+ /* This should not happen. */
+ GlobalFree(global_handle);
+ CloseClipboard();
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ errno = ECANCELED;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /* Cleanup */
+ GlobalUnlock(global_handle);
+ CloseClipboard();
+
+ /* Tell the window to properly exit */
+ PostMessageW(window, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
+
+ /* Main loop */
+ while ((result = GetMessageW(&message, NULL, 0, 0)) != 0) {
+ if (result == -1) {
+ /* Very interesting. GetMessage() docs indicate that a BOOL
+ * type can actually be one of three values: -1, 0, nonzero.
+ * What was exactly the purpose of a BOOL then? */
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ errno = ECANCELED;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ TranslateMessage(&message);
+ DispatchMessageW(&message);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+#else
+#error Dont know how to access the clipboard on this system!
+#endif
+}
+
+int tiny_clipwrite(const char* text)
+{
+ return tiny_clipnwrite(text, strlen(text));
+}
+
+const char* tiny_clipversion()
+{
+ static char buf[512];
+ int year = TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION / 10000L;
+ int month = (TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION - year * 10000L) / 100L;
+ int day = (TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION - year * 10000L) - month * 100L;
+
+ if (day) {
+ sprintf(buf,
+ "tinyclipboard %d.%02d.%d%s, copyright © %d Marvin Gülker. This is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 license.",
+ year % 100,
+ month,
+ day,
+ TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION_POSTFIX,
+ year);
+ }
+ else {
+ sprintf(buf,
+ "tinyclipboard %d.%02d%s, copyright © %d Marvin Gülker. This is free software distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 license.",
+ year % 100,
+ month,
+ TINYCLIPBOARD_VERSION_POSTFIX,
+ year);
+ }
+
+ return buf;
+}
+
+
+/****************************************
+ * Private helpers for X11
+ ***************************************/
+
+#ifdef __unix__
+void finish_subprocess_on_exit(void)
+{
+ if (s_cb_pid) {
+ /* Initiate civilised shutdown in clipboard owner process. */
+ kill(s_cb_pid, SIGINT);
+ waitpid(s_cb_pid, NULL, 0);
+ }
+
+ /* FIXME: Does not close parent process' pipe ending. This
+ * should be done here. But hey, we are exiting anyway, and
+ * this way I don't need an extra file-static variable... */
+}
+
+/* Initiates cililised shutdown by closing the clipboard owner window
+ * (which generates a DestroyNotify event; see XDestroyWindowEvent(3)).
+ * If that fails for whatever reason, calls exit() directly.
+ */
+void child_handle_sigint(int signum)
+{
+ Display* p_display = NULL;
+
+ /* Exit immediately if there is no window to clean up
+ * (which should never be the case). */
+ if (s_clipowner_window == None)
+ exit(2);
+
+ if ((p_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL))) { /* Single = intended */
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, s_clipowner_window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ /* Main code will exit() instead of us */
+ }
+ else {
+ /* No X11 connection, but we are on shutdown. Emergency shutdown. */
+ exit(2);
+ }
+}
+
+void get_clipboard_text(int filedes, char** p_str, int* p_len)
+{
+ ssize_t ret = 0;
+
+ /* Attempt to read one ulong from the pipe. Note it has O_NONBLOCK set! */
+ ret = read(filedes, p_len, sizeof(int)); /* raw byte read */
+ if (ret < 0 && errno == EAGAIN)
+ return; /* Reading would block, i.e. no new clipboard data available */
+ else if (ret < 0 || (ret != sizeof(int)))
+ goto fail; /* Transfer protocol violated */
+
+ /* Allocate space for the number of bytes advertised. */
+ *p_str = realloc(*p_str, *p_len + 1);
+ memset(*p_str, '\0', *p_len + 1); /* For extra safety */
+
+ /* Read advertised bytes from the pipe. */
+ ret = read(filedes, *p_str, *p_len);
+ if (ret <= 0 || (ret != *p_len))
+ goto fail; /* Transfer protocol violated */
+
+ return;
+
+ fail:
+ fprintf(stderr, "**tinyclipboard: Parent process violated transfer protocol, discarding. This is likely a bug.\n");
+ free(*p_str);
+ *p_str = NULL;
+ *p_len = 0;
+}
+
+void own_x11_clipboard(int filedes)
+{
+ Display* p_display = NULL;
+ char* cliptext = NULL;
+ int textlen = 0;
+ int terminate = 0;
+ Atom clipboard;
+
+ p_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+ if (!p_display) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "**tinyclipboard: Failed to open X11 display connection.\n");
+ exit(1);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ s_clipowner_window = XCreateSimpleWindow(p_display, XDefaultRootWindow(p_display), 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+
+ /* Tell X.org we want to receive the DestroyNotify event; see
+ * - https://tronche.com/gui/x/xlib/events/window-state-change/destroy.html
+ * - http://www.lemoda.net/c/xlib-resize/ */
+ XSelectInput(p_display, s_clipowner_window, StructureNotifyMask);
+
+ /* Own CLIPBOARD (= win32-like clipboard) */
+ clipboard = XInternAtom(p_display, "CLIPBOARD", False);
+ XSetSelectionOwner(p_display, clipboard, s_clipowner_window, CurrentTime);
+
+ if (XGetSelectionOwner(p_display, clipboard) != s_clipowner_window) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "**tinyclipboard: Failed to obtain ownership of X11 CLIPBOARD clipboard.\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+
+ /* Main loop */
+ while (!terminate) {
+ XEvent evt;
+ XNextEvent(p_display, &evt); /* blocks if no events available */
+
+ switch(evt.type) {
+ case SelectionRequest:
+ get_clipboard_text(filedes, &cliptext, &textlen);
+ handle_x11_selectionrequest(p_display, evt, cliptext, textlen);
+ break;
+ case SelectionClear: /* We are no longer CLIPBOARD owner */
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, s_clipowner_window);
+ break;
+ case DestroyNotify: /* X11 killed the window */
+ s_clipowner_window = None;
+ terminate = 1;
+ break;
+ default:
+ break; /* Ignore unsupported event */
+ }
+ }
+
+ free(cliptext);
+}
+
+void handle_x11_selectionrequest(Display* p_display, XEvent evt, const char* cliptext, int textlen)
+{
+ Atom utf8 = XInternAtom(p_display, "UTF8_STRING", True); /* Resource for UTF-8 text */
+ Atom targets = XInternAtom(p_display, "TARGETS", True); /* Query for available types */
+ Atom save_targets = XInternAtom(p_display, "SAVE_TARGETS", False); /* No-op marker atom for clipmanagers */
+ XEvent response;
+
+ response.xselection.type = SelectionNotify;
+ response.xselection.display = evt.xselectionrequest.display;
+ response.xselection.requestor = evt.xselectionrequest.requestor;
+ response.xselection.selection = evt.xselectionrequest.selection;
+ response.xselection.target = evt.xselectionrequest.target;
+ response.xselection.time = evt.xselectionrequest.time;
+
+ if (textlen > 0 && (evt.xselectionrequest.target == targets)) { /* Request for supported clipboard targets (we only supported text) */
+ Atom supported_targets[] = {utf8, XA_STRING, save_targets};
+ response.xselection.property = evt.xselectionrequest.property;
+ XChangeProperty(p_display,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.requestor,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.property,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.target, /* 'targets' atom */
+ 8,
+ PropModeReplace,
+ (unsigned char*)(&supported_targets),
+ sizeof(supported_targets));
+ }
+ else if (textlen > 0 && evt.xselectionrequest.target == save_targets) {
+ /* This is a No-op target as per freedesktop.org spec. */
+ response.xselection.property = None;
+ }
+ else if (textlen > 0 && evt.xselectionrequest.target == utf8) { /* Request for real text content, UTF-8 requested */
+ response.xselection.property = evt.xselectionrequest.property;
+ XChangeProperty(p_display,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.requestor,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.property,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.target, /* 'utf8' atom */
+ 8,
+ PropModeReplace,
+ (unsigned char*)cliptext,
+ textlen);
+ }
+ else if (textlen > 0 && evt.xselectionrequest.target == XA_STRING) { /* Request for locale-dependant encoded text -- UNTESTED with non-utf8-locales*/
+ const char* locale_encoding = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+ iconv_t converter = iconv_open(locale_encoding, "UTF-8");
+ char* source_string = (char*) cliptext; /* remove 'const' -- we do not change it, but the function prototype is broken */
+ size_t bytes_allocated = 32;
+ char* target_string = (char*) calloc(bytes_allocated, 1);
+ char* outbuf = target_string;
+ size_t inbytesleft = textlen;
+ size_t outbytesleft = bytes_allocated;
+
+ /* Convert from UTF-8 to locale's encoding. */
+ while (inbytesleft > 0) {
+ if (iconv(converter, &source_string, &inbytesleft, &outbuf, &bytes_allocated) == ((size_t)-1)) {
+ if (errno == E2BIG) {
+ target_string = (char*) realloc(target_string, bytes_allocated + 32);
+ memset(target_string + bytes_allocated, '\0', 32);
+
+ outbuf = target_string + bytes_allocated - outbytesleft;
+
+ bytes_allocated += 32;
+ outbytesleft += 32;
+ }
+ else {
+ perror("**tinyclipboard: Failed to convert string into locale encoding");
+ response.xselection.property = None;
+ XSendEvent(p_display, evt.xselectionrequest.requestor, 0, 0, &response);
+ iconv_close(converter);
+ free(target_string);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* The following is the same as with utf8 above, just with another charset. */
+ response.xselection.property = evt.xselectionrequest.property;
+ XChangeProperty(p_display,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.requestor,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.property,
+ evt.xselectionrequest.target, /* XA_STRING atom */
+ 8,
+ PropModeReplace,
+ (unsigned char*)target_string,
+ bytes_allocated - outbytesleft);
+
+ iconv_close(converter);
+ free(target_string);
+ }
+ else { /* Unsupported target requested or textlen <= 0 (i.e. empty clipboard) */
+ response.xselection.property = None;
+ }
+
+ XSendEvent(p_display, evt.xselectionrequest.requestor, 0, 0, &response);
+}
+
+bool write_to_clipboard_manager(const char* cliptext, int len)
+{
+ Display* p_display = NULL;
+ Window window = None;
+ Atom clipboard_manager;
+ Atom clipboard;
+ Atom save_targets;
+ bool terminate = false;
+ bool result = false;
+
+ p_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+ if (!p_display)
+ return false;
+
+ clipboard = XInternAtom(p_display, "CLIPBOARD", False);
+ clipboard_manager = XInternAtom(p_display, "CLIPBOARD_MANAGER", False);
+ save_targets = XInternAtom(p_display, "SAVE_TARGETS", False);
+
+ /* Check if a clipboard manager is available. If not, we cannot write
+ * to it. */
+ if (XGetSelectionOwner(p_display, clipboard_manager) == None) {
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ /* Own CLIPBOARD */
+ window = XCreateSimpleWindow(p_display, XDefaultRootWindow(p_display), 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+ XSetSelectionOwner(p_display, clipboard, window, CurrentTime);
+
+ /* Notify CLIPBOARD_MANAGER we want it to take over. */
+ XConvertSelection(p_display, clipboard_manager, save_targets, None, window, CurrentTime);
+
+ /* Main loop */
+ while (!terminate) {
+ XEvent evt;
+ XNextEvent(p_display, &evt); /* blocks if no events available */
+
+ switch(evt.type) {
+ case SelectionRequest:
+ /* Take advantage of existing handler function. */
+ handle_x11_selectionrequest(p_display, evt, cliptext, len);
+ break;
+ case SelectionClear: /* We are no longer owner; a 3rd party took over. */
+ terminate = true;
+ result = true; /* 3rd party superseded us; do not write to clipboard anymore */
+ break;
+ case SelectionNotify:
+ /* If Clipboard manager is done. */
+ if (evt.xselection.target == save_targets) {
+ terminate = true;
+ result = evt.xselection.property == None; /* Check wheather clipboard managers failed. */
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ break; /* Ignore unknown events */
+ }
+ }
+
+ XDestroyWindow(p_display, window);
+ XCloseDisplay(p_display);
+ return result;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/****************************************
+ * Private helpers for Win32
+ ***************************************/
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+LRESULT Win32MessageHandler(HWND window, UINT message, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
+{
+ switch(message) {
+ case WM_NCCREATE:
+ return TRUE;
+ case WM_CREATE:
+ return 0;
+ case WM_CLOSE:
+ DestroyWindow(window);
+ return 0;
+ case WM_DESTROY:
+ PostQuitMessage(0);
+ default:
+ /* Do not process event by default */
+ return -1;
+ }
+}
+#endif