Feature/preswald types

[fnbellomo]

Related Issue
No direct issue - This is a proactive improvement to the component system

Description of Changes
This PR refactors the component system to use dataclasses and improve type safety. Key changes include:

• Migrated components from dictionary-based to dataclass-based implementation
• Added comprehensive type hints and validation
• Introduced unit tests for components and layout
• Added support for uv package manager

Technical improvements:

• Created BaseComponent dataclass as foundation
• Each component is now properly typed with validation
• Improved error handling and logging
• Better IDE support with type hints
• Fixed multiple type-related linter errors

Type of Change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Breaking change
• Documentation update
• New example
• Test improvement

Testing
Added comprehensive test suite covering:

• Component creation and validation
• Layout management
• Error handling
• State management
• Mock service interactions

Test files:

• tests/interfaces/test_components.py
• tests/engine/managers/layout_test.py

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (TODO: uv installation docs)
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have run my code against examples and ensured no errors
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

Notes
This is my first open-source PR. I'm particularly interested in feedback on code organization, test coverage, and type safety approach.