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CS Core Concepts

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In-depth topic cards, live links and practice sets for OOPS, DBMS, OS, CN, System Design and Software Engineering Principles.

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Suggested Learning Path

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  1. Start with Programming Fundamentals & OOP
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  2. Learn Database Management Systems (DBMS)
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  3. Study Operating Systems concepts
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  4. Dive into Computer Networks
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  5. Explore System Design principles
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  6. Practice with real-world projects
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Fundamental
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Object-Oriented Programming

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Learn the principles of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

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Key Concepts: Classes/ObjectsDifficulty: BeginnerTime: 2-3 weeks
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+ GFG OOP Concepts + JavaTpoint OOP + FreeCodeCamp OOP +
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+ Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code. The four main principles are: +
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  • Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on that data within one unit
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  • Inheritance: Mechanism where one class acquires the properties of another class
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  • Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take on many forms
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  • Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only essential features
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+ Practice: Implement a simple class hierarchy with inheritance and polymorphism. +
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Essential
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Database Management Systems

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Learn about database design, SQL, normalization, transactions, and more.

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Key Concepts: SQL, NormalizationDifficulty: IntermediateTime: 3-4 weeks
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+ GFG DBMS + JavaTpoint DBMS + W3Schools SQL +
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Read more »
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+ A Database Management System (DBMS) is software for storing and retrieving users' data while considering appropriate security measures. Key concepts include: +
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  • Relational Model: Data organized into tables (relations) with rows and columns
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  • SQL: Standard language for relational database management systems
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  • Normalization: Process of organizing data to reduce redundancy
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  • ACID Properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability for transactions
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  • Indexing: Technique to improve the speed of data retrieval operations
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+ Practice: Design a normalized database schema for a library management system. +
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Core
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Operating Systems

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Understand processes, threads, memory management, file systems, and more.

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Key Concepts: Processes, MemoryDifficulty: IntermediateTime: 4-5 weeks
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+ GFG OS + JavaTpoint OS + OS Three Easy Pieces +
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Read more »
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+ An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Key topics include: +
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  • Process Management: Process scheduling, synchronization, and communication
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  • Memory Management: Paging, segmentation, virtual memory
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  • File Systems: Organization and management of data on storage devices
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  • Deadlocks: Detection, prevention, and avoidance strategies
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  • I/O Systems: Management of input/output devices
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+ Practice: Implement a simple CPU scheduling algorithm simulator (e.g., Round Robin, SJF). +
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Core
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Computer Networks

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Learn about network protocols, OSI model, TCP/IP, routing, and network security.

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Key Concepts: TCP/IP, ProtocolsDifficulty: IntermediateTime: 4-5 weeks
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+ GFG Networks + JavaTpoint CN + Cisco CCNA +
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Read more »
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+ Computer networking refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with each other. Key concepts include: +
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  • OSI Model: 7-layer architecture for understanding network interactions
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  • TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Foundation of modern internet communication
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  • Routing Algorithms: How data finds its path across networks
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  • Network Security: Encryption, firewalls, VPNs, and security protocols
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  • Wireless Networks: WiFi, Bluetooth, and mobile networks
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+ Practice: Use Wireshark to analyze network packets and understand protocols in action. +
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Advanced
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System Design

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Learn to design scalable, reliable, and efficient systems.

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Key Concepts: Scalability, APIsDifficulty: AdvancedTime: 5-6 weeks
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+ GFG System Design + System Design Primer + Grokking System Design +
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Read more »
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+ System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Key concepts include: +
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  • Load Balancing: Distributing network traffic across multiple servers
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  • Caching: Storing frequently accessed data in memory for faster retrieval
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  • Database Scaling: Vertical and horizontal scaling strategies
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  • Microservices Architecture: Designing systems as independently deployable services
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  • CAP Theorem: Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance trade-offs
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+ Practice: Design a URL shortening service like TinyURL considering scalability and reliability. +
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Professional
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Software Engineering

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Learn about software development methodologies, testing, and project management.

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Key Concepts: Agile, TestingDifficulty: IntermediateTime: 3-4 weeks
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+ GFG Software Engineering + JavaTpoint SE + Coursera SDLC +
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Read more »
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+ Software engineering is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software. Key concepts include: +
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  • Development Lifecycle: Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, and other methodologies
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  • Requirements Engineering: Eliciting, analyzing, and validating software requirements
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  • Software Testing: Unit testing, integration testing, system testing
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  • Version Control: Git and other tools for managing code changes
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  • CI/CD: Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment practices
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+ Practice: Set up a CI/CD pipeline for a simple web application using GitHub Actions. +
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Need a structured study plan?

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Download + Study Guide (PDF)
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