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ah09aProceedings.tex
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% The path of picture directory is described in the environmental string
% ($LAWPICSPATH)
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% ($LAWBIBNAME)
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%\usepackage{epsf}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
%\usepackage{asymptote}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{eurosym} % euros
%\fancypagestyle{lawbody}{
% \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
% \fancyhead[LE,LO]{SiBT DAQ article / draft v0.13 (\input{draft.timestamp})}
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%}
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%\fancyfoot[R]{\it {Helsinki, April 21th, 2008}} % Left Odd, Right Even
\fancyhead[L]{\bf {March 17, 2009}} % Left Odd, Right Even
\fancyfoot[C]{A.~Heikkinen {\em et al.}:
{\em A Geant4 physics list for nuclear physics applications based on INCL and ABLA models }}
\fancyhead[R]{\thepage}
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% You should use BibTeX and apsrev.bst for references
\bibliographystyle{apsrev}
\begin{document}
%\title{Geant4 physics list for applications to spallation reactions in ADS
\title{A Geant4 physics list for spallation and related nuclear physics applications
based on INCL and ABLA models
\footnote{Paper \cite{ah09aProceedings} in preparation for CHEP 2009, 21 - 27 March 2009 Prague, Czech Republic\\
\url{http://www.particle.cz/conferences/chep2009/}}}
%\title{A Geant4 physics list for spallation reactions}
\author{{\underline{A.~Heikkinen}, P.~Kaitaniemi}}
\affiliation{Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland}
\author{A. Boudard}
\affiliation{CEN-Saclay, CEA-IRFU/SPhN, 91 191 Gif sur Yvette, France}
\author{G.~Folger}
\affiliation{European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland}
\begin{abstract}
We present a new Geant4 physics list prepared for nuclear physics applications
in the domain dominated by spallation.
We discuss new Geant4 models based on the translation of
INCL intra-nuclear cascade and ABLA de-excitation codes in C++
and used in the physic list.
The INCL model is well established for targets heavier than Aluminium
and projectile energies from $\sim$ 150 MeV up to 2.5 GeV $\sim$ 3 GeV.
Validity of the Geant4 physics list is demonstrated from the perspective of accelerator driven systems
and EURISOL project, especially with the neutron double differential cross sections and residual
nuclei production.
Foreseen improvements of the physics models for the treatment of light targets (Carbon - Oxygen)
and light ion beams (up to Carbon) are discussed.
%Improvements of the physics models are foreseen for the treatment of light targets (Carbon - Oxygen)
%and light ion beams (up to Carbon) and will be discussed.
An example application utilizing the physics list is introduced.
%Outside this domain (light nuclei and energies down to 20-30 MeV)
%the model can be tried but the capabilities have yet to be established.
%such as spallation reactions in Accelerator Driven Systems.
\end{abstract}
%\maketitle must follow title, authors, abstract
\maketitle
\thispagestyle{fancy}
% Put \label in argument of \section for cross-referencing \section{\label{}}
\ifshort
[{\bf Suggested responsibility}:
A.H. main author, P.K. coding, A.B. use case physics and INCL, G.F. Geant4 physics list details]
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{INCL AND ABLA MODELS IN GEANT4} \label{sec:models}
\input{models.tex}
\section{PHYSICS LIST FOR SPALLATION STUDIES} \label{sec:list}
\input{physicslist.tex}
\section{EXAMPLE APPLICATION} \label{sec:example}
\section{PHYSICS PERFORMANCE} \label{sec:performance}
\section{CONCLUSION} \label{sec:conclusion}
%\begin{lstlisting}
%\end{lstlisting}
\else
\section{ASYMPTOTE}
Embedded Asymptote graphics.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{asy}
size(8cm,4cm,IgnoreAspect);
//size(10cm,5cm,IgnoreAspect);
import graph;
texpreamble("\def\Arg{\mathop {\rm Arg}\nolimits}");
real ampl(real x) {return 2.5/(1+x^2);}
real phas(real x) {return -atan(x)/pi;}
scale(Log,Log);
draw(graph(ampl,0.01,10));
ylimits(0.001,100);
xaxis("$\omega\tau_0$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
yaxis("$|G(\omega\tau_0)|$",Left,RightTicks);
picture q=secondaryY(new void(picture pic) {
scale(pic,Log,Linear);
draw(pic,graph(pic,phas,0.01,10),red);
ylimits(pic,-1.0,1.5);
yaxis(pic,"$\Arg G/\pi$",Right,red,
LeftTicks("$% #.1f$",
begin=false,end=false));
yequals(pic,1,Dotted);
});
label(q,"(1,0)",Scale(q,(1,0)),red);
add(q);
\end{asy}
\caption{Caption text 1}\label{fig:asy1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{asy}
size(4cm,0);
import feynman;
// set default line width to 0.8bp
currentpen = linewidth(0.8);
// scale all other defaults of the feynman module appropriately
fmdefaults();
// define vertex and external points
real L = 50;
pair zl = (-0.75*L,0);
pair zr = (+0.75*L,0);
pair xu = zl + L*dir(+120);
pair xl = zl + L*dir(-120);
pair yu = zr + L*dir(+60);
pair yl = zr + L*dir(-60);
// draw propagators and vertices
drawFermion(xu--zl);
drawFermion(zl--xl);
drawPhoton(zl--zr);
drawFermion(yu--zr);
drawFermion(zr--yl);
drawVertex(zl);
drawVertex(zr);
// draw momentum arrows and momentum labels
drawMomArrow(xl--zl, Relative(left));
label(Label("$k'$",2RightSide), xl--zl);
label(Label("$k$",2LeftSide), xu--zl);
drawMomArrow(zl--zr, Relative(left));
label(Label("$q$",2RightSide), zl--zr);
drawMomArrow(zr--yu, Relative(right));
label(Label("$p'$",2LeftSide), zr--yu);
label(Label("$p$",2RightSide), zr--yl);
// draw particle labels
label("$e^-$", xu, left);
label("$e^+$", xl, left);
label("$\mu^+$", yu, right);
label("$\mu^-$", yl, right);
\end{asy}
\caption{Caption text 2}\label{fig:asy2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
See Fig. \ref{fig:asy1} and \ref{fig:asy2}.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{asy}[8cm,4cm,IgnoreAspect]
import graph;
import stats;
//size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
int n=100;
real[] a=new real[n];
for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) a[i]=Gaussrand();
histogram(a,min(a),max(a),n=100,normalize=true,low=0);
draw(graph(Gaussian,min(a),max(a)),red);
xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
yaxis("$dP/dx$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
\end{asy}
\caption{Caption text}\label{fig:asy3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{asy}[8cm,4cm,IgnoreAspect]
import graph;
picture pic;
real xsize=200, ysize=140;
size(pic,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
pair[] f={(5,5),(50,20),(90,90)};
pair[] df={(0,0),(5,7),(0,5)};
errorbars(pic,f,df,red);
draw(pic,graph(pic,f),"legend",
marker(scale(0.5mm)*unitcircle,red,FillDraw(blue),Below));
xaxis(pic,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
yaxis(pic,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
add(pic,legend(pic),point(pic,NW),20SE,UnFill);
picture pic2;
size(pic2,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
frame mark;
filldraw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*polygon(6),green,green);
draw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*cross(6),blue);
draw(pic2,graph(pic2,f),marker(mark,markuniform(5)));
xaxis(pic2,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
yaxis(pic2,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
yequals(pic2,55.0,red+Dotted);
xequals(pic2,70.0,red+Dotted);
// Fit pic to W of origin:
add(pic.fit(),(0,0),W);
// Fit pic2 to E of (5mm,0):
// add(pic2.fit(),(5mm,0),E);
\end{asy}
\caption{Caption text 4}\label{fig:asy4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{asy}
// Plotting with Asymptote (http://asymptote.sourceforge.net)
size(200, 150, IgnoreAspect);
import graph;
file in=line(input("d.dat"));
real[][] a=transpose(dimension(in, 0, 0));
real[] x = a[0];
real[] y = a[1];
real[] z = a[2];
real[] d = a[3];
real[] dError = a[4];
draw(graph(x, y), red);
draw(graph(x, z), blue);
draw(graph(x, d), black);
xaxis("$E$", BottomTop, LeftTicks);
yaxis("$avg. num. of particles$", LeftRight, RightTicks);
\end{asy}
\caption{LaTeX-embedded Asyptote script reads data for
this plot from {\sf n.dat}} \label{fig:asy5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
See Fig. \ref{fig:asy3}, \ref{fig:asy4}, and \ref{fig:asy5}.
\section{TEST}
%$\headsto$
$\equiv$
\{ a\_i \}
\textvisiblespace
$\angle$
$\epsilon$ $\varepsilon$
$\rho$ $\varrho$
$\phi$ $\varphi$
$\theta$ $\vartheta$
$\pm$ $\times$ $\ast$ $\circ$ $\bullet$ $\leq$ $\simeq$ $\parallel$
$\sim$ $\ll$ $\cong$ $\in$ $\propto$
$\cdot$ $\hbar$ $\leftarrow$ $\Leftarrow$ $\rightarrow$ $\Rightarrow$
$\leftrightarrow$ $\mapsto$ $\ldots$
$\exists$ $\forall$ $\infty$ $\emptyset$ $\triangle$ $\neg$ $\partial$
$\sum$ $\prod$ $\oint$ $\langle$ $\rangle$ $\|$
$\acute{a}$ $\bar{a}$ $\grave{a}$ $\vec{a}$
$\overrightarrow{abc}$
$\overline{abc}$
$\underbrace{abc}$
$\frac{abc}{xyz}$
$\xrightarrow{text}$
Standrard math $a = \sin(\alpha)$, with typographical variations:
$\mathbf{a} = \sin(\alpha)$, $\mathrm{a} = \sin(\alpha)$, {\boldmath$ a = \sin(\alpha)$}.
\footnotesize
Some text (footnote size)
\small
Some text (small)
\normalsize
Some text(normal size)
{\rm Roman} {\sl Slanted} {\it Italics} {\sf Sans Serif}
Conclusions: In summary :::: leads to following results: i) ::: ii) ::: iii) ::::
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\subsection{Model limits \label{subsection:modelLimits}}
The basic steps of the INC model are summarized below:
\begin{enumerate}
\item If Pauli's exclusion principle allows and $E_{particle} > E_{cutoff}$ = 2~MeV,
step (2) is performed to transport the products.
\end{enumerate}
Fig.~\ref{fig:MC}.
%\begin{figure}
% \includegraphics[width=60mm,keepaspectratio]{n_2.eps}
% \caption{Feynman diagramm done with Asymptore}
% \label{fig:asy1}
%\end{figure}
For concentric spheres $i = \{1, 2, 3\}$ with radii
$$r_{i}(\alpha_{i}) = \sqrt{C_{1}^{2} (1 - \frac{1}{A}) + 6.4} \sqrt{-log( \alpha_{i})}$$
where $\alpha_{i} = \{0.01, 0.3, 0.7\}$ and $C_{1} = 3.3836 A^{1/3}$
\begin{equation}
f(p) = c p ^2.
\label{eq:fp}
\end{equation}
We have defined (\ref{eq:fp}) using momentum, $p$, $\ldots$
\begin{equation}
\int_0^{p_F} f(p) dp = n_{p} \hspace{0.2truecm} or \hspace{0.2truecm} n_{n}.
\end{equation}
The double differential cross-sections for neutrons at angles of $7.5^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $150^{\circ}$.
\fi
\ifshort % select text based on logical value of variable example
\else
%\section{CONCLUSION}
%\begin{acknowledgments}
%\end{acknowledgments}
%---------------------------------------------------------------
\fi
\section*{References}
\bibliographystyle{plain} % Options plain, unsrt, alpha, abbrv
\bibliography{ah09aProceedings.bib} %10 p
\clearpage
\subsubsection{Notes}
\input{notes.tex}
%\include{notes}
%\begin{thebibliography}{9}
%\bibitem{titarenko99a}
%Yu.~E.~Titarenko et al.,
%``Experimental and Computer Simulations Study of
% Irradiated by Intermediate Energy Protons'',
%nucl-ex/9908012, 1999
%\end{thebibliography}
%\begin{appendix}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\section{Current {\tt .bashr}}
%\begin{scriptsize}
%\include{code/bashrc} % code/code.tex created from original file with codetex target
%\section{Documenting Original Fortran Codes}
% \lstset{ %
% language=fortran, % choose the language of the code
% basicstyle=\footnotesize, % the size of the fonts that are used for the code
% showstringspaces=false, % underline spaces within strings
% numbers=left, % where to put the line-numbers
% numberstyle=\footnotesize, % the size of the fonts that are used for the line-numbers
% stepnumber=2, % the step between two line-numbers.
% % If it's 1 each line will be numbered
% numbersep=5pt, % how far the line-numbers are from the code
% backgroundcolor=\color{white}, % choose the background color. You must add \usepackage{color}
% showspaces=false, % show spaces within strings adding particular underscores
% showtabs=false, % show tabs within strings adding particular underscores
% frame=single, % adds a frame around the code
% tabsize=2, % sets default tabsize to 2 spaces
% captionpos=b, % sets the caption-position to bottom
% breaklines=true, % sets automatic line breaking
% breakatwhitespace=false, % sets if automatic breaks should only happen at whitespace
% escapeinside={\%*}{*)} % if you want to add a comment within your code
% }
% fortran/c++
%\lstset{language=fortran,
%caption={\sf INCUL} source {\tt inaz.f},
%label=listing:boundary}
%\section{inaz.f}
%\input{code/inaz.f}
%\end{appendix}
\else
\fi % end PAPER
\end{document}
% LocalWords: Mavromanolakis