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Configuration parameters

There are two mutually-exclusive methods to set the Postgres Operator configuration.

  • ConfigMaps-based, the legacy one. The configuration is supplied in a key-value configmap, defined by the CONFIG_MAP_NAME environment variable. Non-scalar values, i.e. lists or maps, are encoded in the value strings using the comma-based syntax for lists and coma-separated key:value syntax for maps. String values containing ':' should be enclosed in quotes. The configuration is flat, parameter group names below are not reflected in the configuration structure. There is an example

  • CRD-based configuration. The configuration is stored in a custom YAML manifest. The manifest is an instance of the custom resource definition (CRD) called OperatorConfiguration. The operator registers this CRD during the start and uses it for configuration if the operator deployment manifest sets the POSTGRES_OPERATOR_CONFIGURATION_OBJECT env variable to a non-empty value. The variable should point to the postgresql-operator-configuration object in the operator's namespace.

    The CRD-based configuration is a regular YAML document; non-scalar keys are simply represented in the usual YAML way. There are no default values built-in in the operator, each parameter that is not supplied in the configuration receives an empty value. In order to create your own configuration just copy the default one and change it.

    To test the CRD-based configuration locally, use the following

    kubectl create -f manifests/operatorconfiguration.crd.yaml # registers the CRD
kubectl create -f manifests/postgresql-operator-default-configuration.yaml

kubectl create -f manifests/operator-service-account-rbac.yaml
kubectl create -f manifests/postgres-operator.yaml # set the env var as mentioned above

kubectl get operatorconfigurations postgresql-operator-default-configuration -o yaml

The CRD-based configuration is more powerful than the one based on ConfigMaps and should be used unless there is a compatibility requirement to use an already existing configuration. Even in that case, it should be rather straightforward to convert the ConfigMap-based configuration into the CRD-based one and restart the operator. The ConfigMap-based configuration will be deprecated and subsequently removed in future releases.

Note that for the CRD-based configuration groups of configuration options below correspond to the non-leaf keys in the target YAML (i.e. for the Kubernetes resources the key is kubernetes). The key is mentioned alongside the group description. The ConfigMap-based configuration is flat and does not allow non-leaf keys.

Since in the CRD-based case the operator needs to create a CRD first, which is controlled by the resource_check_interval and resource_check_timeout parameters, those parameters have no effect and are replaced by the CRD_READY_WAIT_INTERVAL and CRD_READY_WAIT_TIMEOUT environment variables. They will be deprecated and removed in the future.

For the configmap configuration, the default parameter values mentioned here are likely to be overwritten in your local operator installation via your local version of the operator configmap. In the case you use the operator CRD, all the CRD defaults are provided in the operator's default configuration manifest

Variable names are underscore-separated words.

General

Those are top-level keys, containing both leaf keys and groups.

  • enable_crd_validation toggles if the operator will create or update CRDs with OpenAPI v3 schema validation The default is true.

  • enable_lazy_spilo_upgrade Instruct operator to update only the statefulsets with the new image without immediately doing the rolling update. The assumption is pods will be re-started later with the new image, for example due to the node rotation. The default is false.

  • etcd_host Etcd connection string for Patroni defined as host:port. Not required when Patroni native Kubernetes support is used. The default is empty (use Kubernetes-native DCS).

  • kubernetes_use_configmaps Select if setup uses endpoints (default), or configmaps to manage leader when DCS is kubernetes (not etcd or similar). In OpenShift it is not possible to use endpoints option, and configmaps is required. By default, kubernetes_use_configmaps: false, meaning endpoints will be used.

  • docker_image Spilo Docker image for Postgres instances. For production, don't rely on the default image, as it might be not the most up-to-date one. Instead, build your own Spilo image from the github repository.

  • sidecar_docker_images deprecated: use sidecars instead. A map of sidecar names to Docker images to run with Spilo. In case of the name conflict with the definition in the cluster manifest the cluster-specific one is preferred.

  • sidecars a list of sidecars to run with Spilo, for any cluster (i.e. globally defined sidecars). Each item in the list is of type Container. Globally defined sidecars can be overwritten by specifying a sidecar in the Postgres manifest with the same name. Note: This field is not part of the schema validation. If the container specification is invalid, then the operator fails to create the statefulset.

  • enable_shm_volume Instruct operator to start any new database pod without limitations on shm memory. If this option is enabled, to the target database pod will be mounted a new tmpfs volume to remove shm memory limitation (see e.g. the docker issue). This option is global for an operator object, and can be overwritten by enableShmVolume parameter from Postgres manifest. The default is true.

  • workers number of working routines the operator spawns to process requests to create/update/delete/sync clusters concurrently. The default is 4.

  • max_instances operator will cap the number of instances in any managed Postgres cluster up to the value of this parameter. When -1 is specified, no limits are applied. The default is -1.

  • min_instances operator will run at least the number of instances for any given Postgres cluster equal to the value of this parameter. Standby clusters can still run with numberOfInstances: 1 as this is the recommended setup. When -1 is specified for min_instances, no limits are applied. The default is -1.

  • resync_period period between consecutive sync requests. The default is 30m.

  • repair_period period between consecutive repair requests. The default is 5m.

  • set_memory_request_to_limit Set memory_request to memory_limit for all Postgres clusters (the default value is also increased). This prevents certain cases of memory overcommitment at the cost of overprovisioning memory and potential scheduling problems for containers with high memory limits due to the lack of memory on Kubernetes cluster nodes. This affects all containers created by the operator (Postgres, Scalyr sidecar, and other sidecars except sidecars defined in the operator configuration); to set resources for the operator's own container, change the operator deployment manually. The default is false.

Postgres users

Parameters describing Postgres users. In a CRD-configuration, they are grouped under the users key.

  • super_username Postgres superuser name to be created by initdb. The default is postgres.

  • replication_username Postgres username used for replication between instances. The default is standby.

Kubernetes resources

Parameters to configure cluster-related Kubernetes objects created by the operator, as well as some timeouts associated with them. In a CRD-based configuration they are grouped under the kubernetes key.

  • pod_service_account_name service account used by Patroni running on individual Pods to communicate with the operator. Required even if native Kubernetes support in Patroni is not used, because Patroni keeps pod labels in sync with the instance role. The default is postgres-pod.

  • pod_service_account_definition On Postgres cluster creation the operator tries to create the service account for the Postgres pods if it does not exist in the namespace. The internal default service account definition (defines only the name) can be overwritten with this parameter. Make sure to provide a valid YAML or JSON string. The default is empty.

  • pod_service_account_role_binding_definition This definition must bind the pod service account to a role with permission sufficient for the pods to start and for Patroni to access K8s endpoints; service account on its own lacks any such rights starting with K8s v1.8. If not explicitly defined by the user, a simple definition that binds the account to the 'postgres-pod' cluster role will be used. The default is empty.

  • pod_terminate_grace_period Postgres pods are terminated forcefully after this timeout. The default is 5m.

  • custom_pod_annotations This key/value map provides a list of annotations that get attached to each pod of a database created by the operator. If the annotation key is also provided by the database definition, the database definition value is used.

  • downscaler_annotations An array of annotations that should be passed from Postgres CRD on to the statefulset and, if exists, to the connection pooler deployment as well. Regular expressions like downscaler/* etc. are also accepted. Can be used with kube-downscaler.

  • watched_namespace The operator watches for Postgres objects in the given namespace. If not specified, the value is taken from the operator namespace. A special * value makes it watch all namespaces. The default is empty (watch the operator pod namespace).

  • pdb_name_format defines the template for PDB (Pod Disruption Budget) names created by the operator. The default is postgres-{cluster}-pdb, where {cluster} is replaced by the cluster name. Only the {cluster} placeholders is allowed in the template.

  • enable_pod_disruption_budget PDB is enabled by default to protect the cluster from voluntarily disruptions and hence unwanted DB downtime. However, on some cloud providers it could be necessary to temporarily disabled it, e.g. for node updates. See admin docs for more information. Default is true.

  • enable_init_containers global option to allow for creating init containers in the cluster manifest to run actions before Spilo is started. Default is true.

  • enable_sidecars global option to allow for creating sidecar containers in the cluster manifest to run alongside Spilo on the same pod. Globally defined sidecars are always enabled. Default is true.

  • secret_name_template a template for the name of the database user secrets generated by the operator. {username} is replaced with name of the secret, {cluster} with the name of the cluster, {tprkind} with the kind of CRD (formerly known as TPR) and {tprgroup} with the group of the CRD. No other placeholders are allowed. The default is {username}.{cluster}.credentials.{tprkind}.{tprgroup}.

  • cluster_domain defines the default DNS domain for the kubernetes cluster the operator is running in. The default is cluster.local. Used by the operator to connect to the Postgres clusters after creation.

  • oauth_token_secret_name namespaced name of the secret containing the OAuth2 token to pass to the teams API. The default is postgresql-operator.

  • infrastructure_roles_secret_name namespaced name of the secret containing infrastructure roles names and passwords.

  • pod_role_label name of the label assigned to the Postgres pods (and services/endpoints) by the operator. The default is spilo-role.

  • cluster_labels list of name:value pairs for additional labels assigned to the cluster objects. The default is application:spilo.

  • inherited_labels list of labels that can be inherited from the cluster manifest, and added to each child objects (StatefulSet, Pod, Service and Endpoints) created by the operator. Typical use case is to dynamically pass labels that are specific to a given Postgres cluster, in order to implement NetworkPolicy. The default is empty.

  • cluster_name_label name of the label assigned to Kubernetes objects created by the operator that indicates which cluster a given object belongs to. The default is cluster-name.

  • node_readiness_label a set of labels that a running and active node should possess to be considered ready. The operator uses values of those labels to detect the start of the Kubernetes cluster upgrade procedure and move master pods off the nodes to be decommissioned. When the set is not empty, the operator also assigns the Affinity clause to the Postgres pods to be scheduled only on ready nodes. The default is empty.

  • toleration a dictionary that should contain key, operator, value and effect keys. In that case, the operator defines a pod toleration according to the values of those keys. See kubernetes documentation for details on taints and tolerations. The default is empty.

  • pod_environment_configmap namespaced name of the ConfigMap with environment variables to populate on every pod. Right now this ConfigMap is searched in the namespace of the Postgres cluster. All variables from that ConfigMap are injected to the pod's environment, on conflicts they are overridden by the environment variables generated by the operator. The default is empty.

  • pod_priority_class_name a name of the priority class that should be assigned to the Postgres pods. The priority class itself must be defined in advance. Default is empty (use the default priority class).

  • spilo_fsgroup the Persistent Volumes for the Spilo pods in the StatefulSet will be owned and writable by the group ID specified. This is required to run Spilo as a non-root process, but requires a custom Spilo image. Note the FSGroup of a Pod cannot be changed without recreating a new Pod.

  • spilo_privileged whether the Spilo container should run in privileged mode. Privileged mode is used for AWS volume resizing and not required if you don't need that capability. The default is false.

  • master_pod_move_timeout The period of time to wait for the success of migration of master pods from an unschedulable node. The migration includes Patroni switchovers to respective replicas on healthy nodes. The situation where master pods still exist on the old node after this timeout expires has to be fixed manually. The default is 20 minutes.

  • enable_pod_antiaffinity toggles pod anti affinity on the Postgres pods, to avoid multiple pods of the same Postgres cluster in the same topology , e.g. node. The default is false.

  • pod_antiaffinity_topology_key override topology key for pod anti affinity. The default is kubernetes.io/hostname.

  • pod_management_policy specify the pod management policy of stateful sets of PG clusters. The default is ordered_ready, the second possible value is parallel.

Kubernetes resource requests

This group allows you to configure resource requests for the Postgres pods. Those parameters are grouped under the postgres_pod_resources key in a CRD-based configuration.

  • default_cpu_request CPU request value for the Postgres containers, unless overridden by cluster-specific settings. The default is 100m.

  • default_memory_request memory request value for the Postgres containers, unless overridden by cluster-specific settings. The default is 100Mi.

  • default_cpu_limit CPU limits for the Postgres containers, unless overridden by cluster-specific settings. The default is 1.

  • default_memory_limit memory limits for the Postgres containers, unless overridden by cluster-specific settings. The default is 500Mi.

  • min_cpu_limit hard CPU minimum what we consider to be required to properly run Postgres clusters with Patroni on Kubernetes. The default is 250m.

  • min_memory_limit hard memory minimum what we consider to be required to properly run Postgres clusters with Patroni on Kubernetes. The default is 250Mi.

Operator timeouts

This set of parameters define various timeouts related to some operator actions, affecting pod operations and CRD creation. In the CRD-based configuration resource_check_interval and resource_check_timeout have no effect, and the parameters are grouped under the timeouts key in the CRD-based configuration.

  • resource_check_interval interval to wait between consecutive attempts to check for the presence of some Kubernetes resource (i.e. StatefulSet or PodDisruptionBudget). The default is 3s.

  • resource_check_timeout timeout when waiting for the presence of a certain Kubernetes resource (i.e. StatefulSet or PodDisruptionBudget) before declaring the operation unsuccessful. The default is 10m.

  • pod_label_wait_timeout timeout when waiting for the pod role and cluster labels. Bigger value gives Patroni more time to start the instance; smaller makes the operator detect possible issues faster. The default is 10m.

  • pod_deletion_wait_timeout timeout when waiting for the Postgres pods to be deleted when removing the cluster or recreating pods. The default is 10m.

  • ready_wait_interval the interval between consecutive attempts waiting for the postgresql CRD to be created. The default is 5s.

  • ready_wait_timeout the timeout for the complete postgresql CRD creation. The default is 30s.

Load balancer related options

Those options affect the behavior of load balancers created by the operator. In the CRD-based configuration they are grouped under the load_balancer key.

  • db_hosted_zone DNS zone for the cluster DNS name when the load balancer is configured for the cluster. Only used when combined with external-dns and with the cluster that has the load balancer enabled. The default is db.example.com.

  • enable_master_load_balancer toggles service type load balancer pointing to the master pod of the cluster. Can be overridden by individual cluster settings. The default is true.

  • enable_replica_load_balancer toggles service type load balancer pointing to the replica pod of the cluster. Can be overridden by individual cluster settings. The default is false.

  • custom_service_annotations This key/value map provides a list of annotations that get attached to each service of a cluster created by the operator. If the annotation key is also provided by the cluster definition, the manifest value is used. Optional.

  • master_dns_name_format defines the DNS name string template for the master load balancer cluster. The default is {cluster}.{team}.{hostedzone}, where {cluster} is replaced by the cluster name, {team} is replaced with the team name and {hostedzone} is replaced with the hosted zone (the value of the db_hosted_zone parameter). No other placeholders are allowed.

  • replica_dns_name_format defines the DNS name string template for the replica load balancer cluster. The default is {cluster}-repl.{team}.{hostedzone}, where {cluster} is replaced by the cluster name, {team} is replaced with the team name and {hostedzone} is replaced with the hosted zone (the value of the db_hosted_zone parameter). No other placeholders are allowed.

AWS or GCP interaction

The options in this group configure operator interactions with non-Kubernetes objects from Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Google Cloud Platform (GCP). They have no effect unless you are using either. In the CRD-based configuration those options are grouped under the aws_or_gcp key. Note the GCP integration is not yet officially supported.

  • wal_s3_bucket S3 bucket to use for shipping WAL segments with WAL-E. A bucket has to be present and accessible by Postgres pods. At the moment, supported services by Spilo are S3 and GCS. The default is empty.

  • log_s3_bucket S3 bucket to use for shipping Postgres daily logs. Works only with S3 on AWS. The bucket has to be present and accessible by Postgres pods. The default is empty.

  • kube_iam_role AWS IAM role to supply in the iam.amazonaws.com/role annotation of Postgres pods. Only used when combined with kube2iam project on AWS. The default is empty.

  • aws_region AWS region used to store EBS volumes. The default is eu-central-1.

  • additional_secret_mount Additional Secret (aws or gcp credentials) to mount in the pod. The default is empty.

  • additional_secret_mount_path Path to mount the above Secret in the filesystem of the container(s). The default is empty.

Logical backup

These parameters configure a K8s cron job managed by the operator to produce Postgres logical backups. In the CRD-based configuration those parameters are grouped under the logical_backup key.

  • logical_backup_schedule Backup schedule in the cron format. Please take the reference schedule format into account. Default: "30 00 * * *"

  • logical_backup_docker_image An image for pods of the logical backup job. The example image runs pg_dumpall on a replica if possible and uploads compressed results to an S3 bucket under the key /spilo/pg_cluster_name/cluster_k8s_uuid/logical_backups. The default image is the same image built with the Zalando-internal CI pipeline. Default: "registry.opensource.zalan.do/acid/logical-backup"

  • logical_backup_s3_bucket S3 bucket to store backup results. The bucket has to be present and accessible by Postgres pods. Default: empty.

  • logical_backup_s3_region Specifies the region of the bucket which is required with some non-AWS S3 storage services. The default is empty.

  • logical_backup_s3_endpoint When using non-AWS S3 storage, endpoint can be set as a ENV variable. The default is empty.

  • logical_backup_s3_sse Specify server side encryption that S3 storage is using. If empty string is specified, no argument will be passed to aws s3 command. Default: "AES256".

  • logical_backup_s3_access_key_id When set, value will be in AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID env variable. The Default is empty.

  • logical_backup_s3_secret_access_key When set, value will be in AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY env variable. The Default is empty.

Debugging the operator

Options to aid debugging of the operator itself. Grouped under the debug key.

  • debug_logging boolean parameter that toggles verbose debug logs from the operator. The default is true.

  • enable_database_access boolean parameter that toggles the functionality of the operator that require access to the Postgres database, i.e. creating databases and users. The default is true.

Automatic creation of human users in the database

Options to automate creation of human users with the aid of the teams API service. In the CRD-based configuration those are grouped under the teams_api key.

  • enable_teams_api boolean parameter that toggles usage of the Teams API by the operator. The default is true.

  • teams_api_url contains the URL of the Teams API service. There is a demo implementation. The default is https://teams.example.com/api/.

  • team_api_role_configuration Postgres parameters to apply to each team member role. The default is 'log_statement:all'. It is possible to supply multiple options, separating them by commas. Options containing commas within the value are not supported, with the exception of the search_path. For instance:

    teams_api_role_configuration: "log_statement:all,search_path:'data,public'"

    The default is "log_statement:all"

  • enable_team_superuser whether to grant superuser to team members created from the Teams API. The default is false.

  • team_admin_role role name to grant to team members created from the Teams API. The default is admin, that role is created by Spilo as a NOLOGIN role.

  • enable_admin_role_for_users if true, the team_admin_role will have the rights to grant roles coming from PG manifests. Such roles will be created as in "CREATE ROLE 'role_from_manifest' ... ADMIN 'team_admin_role'". The default is true.

  • pam_role_name when set, the operator will add all team member roles to this group and add a pg_hba line to authenticate members of that role via pam. The default is zalandos.

  • pam_configuration when set, should contain a URL to use for authentication against the username and the token supplied as the password. Used in conjunction with pam_oauth2 module. The default is https://info.example.com/oauth2/tokeninfo?access_token= uid realm=/employees.

  • protected_role_names List of roles that cannot be overwritten by an application, team or infrastructure role. The default is admin.

  • postgres_superuser_teams List of teams which members need the superuser role in each PG database cluster to administer Postgres and maintain infrastructure built around it. The default is empty.

Logging and REST API

Parameters affecting logging and REST API listener. In the CRD-based configuration they are grouped under the logging_rest_api key.

  • api_port REST API listener listens to this port. The default is 8080.

  • ring_log_lines number of lines in the ring buffer used to store cluster logs. The default is 100.

  • cluster_history_entries number of entries in the cluster history ring buffer. The default is 1000.

Scalyr options (deprecated)

Those parameters define the resource requests/limits and properties of the scalyr sidecar. In the CRD-based configuration they are grouped under the scalyr key. Note, that this section is deprecated. Instead, define Scalyr as a global sidecar under the sidecars key in the configuration.

  • scalyr_api_key API key for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is empty.

  • scalyr_image Docker image for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is empty.

  • scalyr_server_url server URL for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is https://upload.eu.scalyr.com.

  • scalyr_cpu_request CPU request value for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is 100m.

  • scalyr_memory_request Memory request value for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is 50Mi.

  • scalyr_cpu_limit CPU limit value for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is 1.

  • scalyr_memory_limit Memory limit value for the Scalyr sidecar. The default is 500Mi.

Connection pooler configuration

Parameters are grouped under the connection_pooler top-level key and specify default configuration for connection pooler, if a postgres manifest requests it but do not specify some of the parameters. All of them are optional with the operator being able to provide some reasonable defaults.

  • connection_pooler_number_of_instances How many instances of connection pooler to create. Default is 2 which is also the required minimum.

  • connection_pooler_schema Database schema to create for credentials lookup function to be used by the connection pooler. Is is created in every database of the Postgres cluster. You can also choose an existing schema. Default schema is pooler.

  • connection_pooler_user User to create for connection pooler to be able to connect to a database. You can also choose an existing role, but make sure it has the LOGIN privilege. Default role is pooler.

  • connection_pooler_image Docker image to use for connection pooler deployment. Default: "registry.opensource.zalan.do/acid/pgbouncer"

  • connection_pooler_max_db_connections How many connections the pooler can max hold. This value is divided among the pooler pods. Default is 60 which will make up 30 connections per pod for the default setup with two instances.

  • connection_pooler_mode Default pooler mode, session or transaction. Default is transaction.

  • connection_pooler_default_cpu_request connection_pooler_default_memory_reques connection_pooler_default_cpu_limit connection_pooler_default_memory_limit Default resource configuration for connection pooler deployment. The internal default for memory request and limit is 100Mi, for CPU it is 500m and 1.