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task036_qasc_topic_word_to_generate_related_fact.json
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{
"Contributors": [
"Swaroop Mishra",
"Daniel Khashabi"
],
"Source": [
"qasc"
],
"Categories": [
"Text Modification",
"Topic Generation",
"Reasoning -> Commonsense Reasoning"
],
"Definition": "In this task, you need to write a topic word from the given fact. The topic word must have at least one word overlap with the given fact. The topic word often involves adding a new word from a related concept.\nThings to avoid: -\nEmphasis & Caution: 1. In your topic word, use at least one word from the given Fact. 2. Topic words with two or more words work best. ",
"Positive Examples": [
{
"input": "Fact: pesticides cause pollution.",
"output": "pollution harms.",
"explanation": "This is a good topic word, because it contains one overlapping word \"pollution\"."
},
{
"input": "Fact: pesticides cause pollution.",
"output": "modern farming pesticide.",
"explanation": "The word \"pesticide\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity.",
"output": "sunlight sun.",
"explanation": "The word \"sunlight\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: running requires a lot of energy.",
"output": "marathon running.",
"explanation": "The word \"running\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: soil is formed by rocks eroding.",
"output": "rain erode rock.",
"explanation": "The word \"erode rock\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: a plant requires water for survival.",
"output": "rain water.",
"explanation": "The word \"water\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: a radio converts electrical energy into vibrations.",
"output": "vibrations sound.",
"explanation": "The word \"vibrations\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: habitat destruction causes animals to move to find shelter in another habitat.",
"output": "chopping down trees habitat destruction.",
"explanation": "The word \"habitat destruction\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: a protractor is used for measuring the angles of a triangular object.",
"output": "prism triangular.",
"explanation": "The word \"triangular\" is the overlapping word."
},
{
"input": "Fact: lightning can cause a forest fire.",
"output": "forest fire harms.",
"explanation": "The word \"forest fire\" is the overlapping word."
}
],
"Negative Examples": [
{
"input": "Fact: pesticides cause pollution.",
"output": "computer harms.",
"explanation": "This is a bad topic word, because it has no overlapping word with the given fact."
},
{
"input": "Fact: pesticides cause pollution.",
"output": "toopaste helps.",
"explanation": "This is a bad topic word, because it has no overlapping word with the given fact."
},
{
"input": "Fact: a solar panel converts sunlight into electricity.",
"output": "moon around earth.",
"explanation": "Even thought the topic seems related, this is a bad topic word, because it has no overlapping word with the given fact."
}
],
"Instances": [
{
"input": "Fact: nerves can be used to feel heat and pressure on the skin.",
"output": [
"epidermis.",
"fever skin hot.",
"nerves are made of.",
"nerves electrical.",
"nerves heat pressure.",
"sensory nerves.",
"skin epiderm.",
"skin touch pressure."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: vinegar can cause harm to the eyes.",
"output": [
"components of vinegar.",
"eyes are part of the face.",
"eyes retina.",
"humans need eyes to see.",
"pickles vinegar.",
"vinegar acid.",
"vinegar in eyes harm.",
"vinegar is an acid.",
"vinegar is made from."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: friction is used for stopping a vehicle by brakes.",
"output": [
"braking cars can fishtail.",
"car vehicle.",
"friction brakes.",
"friction motion rough.",
"ice less friction.",
"vehicle brakes.",
"vehicle car."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a glacier causes mechanical weathering.",
"output": [
"glac.",
"glacier form lake.",
"glacier weathering mechanical.",
"mechanical weathering causes damage.",
"mechanical weathering creates dust.",
"mechanical weathering."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: nuclear reactions in stars causes stars to produce light.",
"output": [
"light contains photons.",
"light is energy.",
"nuclear reactions produce light.",
"nuclear reactions.",
"produce light bright.",
"stars earth sun.",
"stars produce light sky see.",
"sun is a star."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: bees convert nectar into honey.",
"output": [
"Flower nectar.",
"bees nectar.",
"convert honey.",
"nectar flowers bee.",
"nectar flowers.",
"nectar.",
"what is nectar flowers."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: fluoride decreases tooth decay.",
"output": [
"fluoride drinking water.",
"fluoride in water tap.",
"fluoride water.",
"fluoride.",
"tooth decay can be painful.",
"tooth decay cavity.",
"tooth decay."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity.",
"output": [
"genetic diversity creates evolution.",
"genetic diversity increases.",
"genetic diversity leads to.",
"genetic diversity.",
"reproduction increases diversity a good thing.",
"sexual reproduction genetic diversity.",
"sexual reproduction mammals.",
"sexual reproduction procreation.",
"sexual reproduction."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: an animal needs to attract a mate to reproduce.",
"output": [
"animal birth young.",
"animal mate.",
"animal needs mate.",
"animals attract reproduce scent.",
"mate reproduce animal.",
"reproduce sex.",
"reproducing.",
"reproduction is needed for survival."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: electricity sometimes is used for heating buildings.",
"output": [
"create electricity.",
"electric heating energy.",
"electricity electrons.",
"electricity heat.",
"electricity is energy.",
"heating helps humans live in cold climates.",
"nuclear fission electricity.",
"types of buildings."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet.",
"output": [
"day and night cycles sleep.",
"earth day night.",
"how do planets rotate?.",
"humans sleep at night.",
"mars planet.",
"planet elliptical orbit.",
"planet rotating.",
"planet rotation cause.",
"rotating planet time.",
"temperature changes day and night."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: claws are used to catch prey by some predators.",
"output": [
"claw paw.",
"claws owls.",
"claws paw sharp nails.",
"claws prey.",
"mice prey.",
"salmon prey predator.",
"what are prey."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: when water freezes , that water expands.",
"output": [
"freeze.",
"freezing water expanding causes.",
"frozen water takes up more space.",
"ice is frozen.",
"pipes freeze burst.",
"water density.",
"water expands.",
"water freeze degrees.",
"water freeze.",
"what happens when water freezes."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: bacteria cause food to spoil.",
"output": [
"bacteria spoil.",
"bacteria.",
"coliform.",
"food spoil.",
"spoil.",
"spoiled food.",
"temperature bacteria."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: the Himalayas were formed by rock folding.",
"output": [
"Himalayas located.",
"folding tectonics.",
"himalayas mountains.",
"rock folding earthquake.",
"rock folding."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: breathing is when a gill converts from oxygen in water into oxygen in blood.",
"output": [
"breathing respiration.",
"breathing water.",
"fish gill.",
"fish gills.",
"gill breathe.",
"gill breathing.",
"oxygen in blood."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: hurricanes convert heat energy into mechanical energy.",
"output": [
"hurricane is a.",
"hurricane saffir-simpson.",
"hurricanes damage buildings.",
"hurricanes.",
"hurricans.",
"mechanical energy and heat energy.",
"mechanical energy."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: hibernation is used for conserving energy by some animals.",
"output": [
"conserving energy helps animals survive.",
"energy is heat.",
"hibernation energy.",
"hibernation sleep.",
"hibernation winter sleep.",
"hibernation.",
"squirrels animals."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a ship is used for moving people across bodies of water.",
"output": [
"across bodies of water.",
"boat people transport.",
"bodies of water oceans.",
"bodies of water.",
"cross bodies water.",
"ocean ship large.",
"ship across.",
"transportation moving people."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: sediment is formed by weathering.",
"output": [
"causes weathering.",
"mechanical weathering.",
"sediment dirt.",
"sediment is made from.",
"sediment weathering.",
"weathering rocks.",
"what is sediment rocks."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs.",
"output": [
"cells tissue organs liver.",
"cells tissues.",
"liver organ.",
"organ kidney.",
"organ skin.",
"organ stomach.",
"organs skin.",
"tissues form organs.",
"tissues function form."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: folding an object causes that object to change shape.",
"output": [
"folding an object.",
"folding chair.",
"folding objects.",
"folding origami.",
"folding paper origami.",
"origami fold.",
"solid objects."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: optical tools are used for observing materials up close.",
"output": [
"materials.",
"microscope is an optical tool.",
"microscope observe materials.",
"microscope used.",
"observed up close.",
"observing materials is used in science.",
"optical close up.",
"optical tool glass.",
"optical tool microscope.",
"optical tools see.",
"optical."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light.",
"output": [
"Light is radiation.",
"black absorbs light.",
"black coal.",
"black light.",
"black raven.",
"light are photons.",
"light energy.",
"light is energy.",
"light rays.",
"melanistic animal black.",
"object item.",
"sunlight light.",
"visible light spectrum.",
"visible light."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Gene flow occurs when individuals move into or out of a population.",
"output": [
"Gene flow.",
"gene flow diversity.",
"gene flow.",
"individuals people person.",
"migration move called.",
"population group community."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a spider web is used to capture food by spiders.",
"output": [
"black widow web.",
"food.",
"spider arachnid.",
"spider capture food.",
"spider web cobweb.",
"spider web.",
"spider webs are made of silk.",
"spiders are arachnids.",
"spiders food.",
"spiders have eight legs.",
"what do spiders eat."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Adult sponges are sessile.",
"output": [
"sessile immobile.",
"sessile means.",
"sessile organisms immobile.",
"sessile polyps.",
"sessile sedentary.",
"sessile sponge.",
"sessile."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Some insects can use their antennae to detect sound.",
"output": [
"antennae ants.",
"antennae insects.",
"antennae.",
"insect.",
"insects antennae.",
"sound is vibration.",
"sound waves."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Constriction occurs when the muscular walls of blood vessels contract.",
"output": [
"blood vessel vein.",
"constriction blood vessels walls.",
"constriction blood.",
"constriction contract.",
"constriction squeeze.",
"constriction.",
"muscular walls of blood vessels contract."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein.",
"output": [
"Translation genetic code.",
"Translation mRNA.",
"protein acid.",
"protein compound.",
"protein mrna.",
"translation protein."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Adult tunicates are barrel-shaped.",
"output": [
"adult tunicates.",
"tunicates squirt.",
"tunicates."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy when it is turned on.",
"output": [
"\"light bulb\" \"traffic signal\".",
"converting electrical energy into light energy.",
"energy skin cancer.",
"light bulb electrical.",
"light bulb energy.",
"light bulb photon.",
"light bulb.",
"light energy."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: cold fronts cause thunderstorms as they pass by.",
"output": [
"cold front.",
"cold fronts air masses.",
"cold fronts.",
"thunderstorm fear.",
"thunderstorm lightning.",
"thunderstorms create loud sounds.",
"thunderstorms lightning.",
"thunderstorms."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.",
"output": [
"Algae.",
"algae nonvascular.",
"algae plants.",
"algae produce.",
"algae.",
"aquatic ecosystem ocean.",
"aquatic ecosystems.",
"ecosystems."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: an electron microscope is used for seeing very small objects by making them appear bigger.",
"output": [
"atoms are small.",
"electron microscope lens magnify.",
"electron microscope.",
"small object naked eye."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: using a car causes pollution.",
"output": [
"car brand.",
"car pollution damage.",
"car toyota.",
"pollution causes.",
"pollution illness.",
"pollution kills.",
"pollution."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a scale is used for measuring weight.",
"output": [
"measuring pounds.",
"measuring weight health.",
"weight grams.",
"weight is pounds.",
"weight kilograms.",
"weight measurements.",
"weight pounds."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Plants live just about everywhere on Earth.",
"output": [
"Plants producers.",
"earth our planet.",
"everywhere on earth.",
"photosynthesis plants all.",
"plant earth.",
"plants live everywhere flower.",
"plants live."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: the force of water against the seed coat causes a root to emerge from a seed.",
"output": [
"a root to emerge from a seed.",
"force of water wave.",
"force.",
"osmosis force.",
"root seed water.",
"root.",
"seed acorn.",
"water h2o.",
"water seed root."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a seismometer is used to measure the strength or magnitude of an earthquake.",
"output": [
"earthquake cause.",
"earthquake scale.",
"earthquake strength.",
"earthquakes cause destruction.",
"measuring earthquakes can help prevent them.",
"seismic earthquake.",
"seismograph.",
"seismometer earthquake.",
"seismometer richter.",
"seismometer.",
"strength and magnitude earthquake.",
"strength or magnitude of an earthquake."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: water causes refraction of light.",
"output": [
"refraction of light.",
"refraction speed of light.",
"water hydrogen oxygen.",
"water is liquid.",
"water liquid.",
"water refracting light rainbow."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: electrical current running through a wire causes that wire to heat up.",
"output": [
"current electric heat.",
"current heat.",
"electrical current electrons.",
"electrical current heat wire.",
"electrical current is kinetic energy.",
"heated wire.",
"magnetic field wire current.",
"wire copper.",
"wire heat.",
"wire heats up."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Female monotremes lack a uterus and vagina.",
"output": [
"female monotremes.",
"monotreme.",
"monotremes.",
"uterus and vagina procreate."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a black hole is formed by a high-mass star collapses.",
"output": [
"black hole.",
"collapsed stars.",
"high mass star.",
"mass star.",
"star celestial body.",
"star collapse.",
"star sun.",
"why a star collapses."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a ruler is used for measuring the length of an object.",
"output": [
"Length of object.",
"length.",
"measure length.",
"object length size.",
"ruler inches.",
"ruler length.",
"ruler measuring inches length."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: wind and rain cause erosion.",
"output": [
"erosion creates mountains.",
"erosion rain.",
"erosion rock.",
"erosion rocks.",
"erosion soil movement.",
"erosion."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Vertebrates are all chordates that have a backbone.",
"output": [
"backbone is a spinal.",
"chordates backbone.",
"chordates.",
"reptiles are vertabrates.",
"vertebrates."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Most carcinogens cause cancer by producing mutations in DNA.",
"output": [
"cancer can cause death.",
"cancer.",
"carcinogen dna.",
"carcinogen smoke.",
"carcinogen.",
"dna dexyribonucleic acid.",
"dna.",
"mutations dna."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a human requires sleep to be healthy.",
"output": [
"brainwaves during sleep.",
"healthy effects.",
"naps sleep.",
"sleep dreams.",
"sleep healthy be lifestyle strong.",
"sleep process.",
"sleep."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Mutations are essential for evolution to occur.",
"output": [
"Evolution.",
"evolution allows species to survive.",
"evolution can be defined as.",
"evolution changes species.",
"evolution is changes.",
"evolution natural selection.",
"mutation change.",
"mutation dna.",
"mutation.",
"mutations cause.",
"mutations.",
"occur happen."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a balance is used for measuring mass of an object.",
"output": [
"a balance measure weight.",
"balance mass.",
"mass grams.",
"mass kilograms.",
"mass of an object.",
"measuring mass units.",
"object mass grams."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Cells are programmed to divide only a set number of times.",
"output": [
"Cells divide.",
"cell division.",
"cells divide.",
"cells programmed.",
"divide means.",
"divide mitosis.",
"programmed cell death."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: nectar is used for attracting pollinators by plants.",
"output": [
"a pollinator is a bee.",
"bee pollinator.",
"nectar bees attraction.",
"nectar plants.",
"nectar.",
"pollinator bee.",
"pollinators.",
"what is a pollinator."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Pressure receptors are found mainly in the skin.",
"output": [
"Pressure receptors.",
"animals skin.",
"cold sensors in the skin.",
"pressure receptors nerve.",
"pressure receptors.",
"skin dermis.",
"skin epidermis.",
"skin largests organ.",
"skin receptors."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Air pollution harms the respiratory and circulatory systems.",
"output": [
"Air pollution caused by.",
"air pollution cars.",
"air pollution circulatory.",
"air pollution dust.",
"air pollution smoke.",
"air pollution.",
"pollution breathe.",
"pollution smog.",
"pollution.",
"respiratory lungs."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: measuring the hardness of minerals requires scratching those materials.",
"output": [
"hardness minerals.",
"hardness of minerals.",
"measure hardness of minerals.",
"mineral calcite.",
"mineral hardness moh.",
"mineral hardness.",
"pearl is a mineral.",
"requires necessary.",
"scratching diamond.",
"scratching minerals damages them.",
"scratching minerals hard."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: disease has a negative impact on an organism.",
"output": [
"Disease is illness.",
"disease flu.",
"disease ill.",
"disease negative.",
"disease organism.",
"disease sick.",
"disease.",
"diseases can be treated.",
"organism animal.",
"viruses can cause disease."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Adult worms go through a major transformation to develop reproductive organs.",
"output": [
"genitals reproductive.",
"reproductive organs are gonads.",
"reproductive organs worms.",
"worm development.",
"worm platyhelminthes.",
"worm reproductive."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.",
"output": [
"Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.",
"bird beaks egg.",
"bird eggs contain baby birds.",
"bird eggs shells.",
"bird hawk.",
"calcium carbonate.",
"eagle bird.",
"gulls."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: a nest is used for protecting young by birds.",
"output": [
"bird nest.",
"nest twigs.",
"nest young birds.",
"nest young protection.",
"nest.",
"nests are made from twigs.",
"nests cotton."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Sweating reduces body heat.",
"output": [
"\"body heat\" reduces sweating.",
"Sweating is.",
"body heat necessary.",
"body heat.",
"sweat evaporation cooling.",
"sweating body heat.",
"sweating body.",
"sweating perspiration.",
"sweating perspire.",
"sweating water.",
"sweating."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight.",
"output": [
"ecosystem habitat.",
"ecosystem lake.",
"ecosystems habitat.",
"energy from sunlight plants.",
"energy sunlight.",
"plants energy sunlight.",
"sunlight energy.",
"sunlight."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: matter vibrating can cause sound.",
"output": [
"cause sound.",
"humans can hear sound.",
"matter is made of.",
"sound decibel.",
"sound ear.",
"sound is detected ears.",
"sound strike object matter music.",
"sound vibrating guitar.",
"sound waves.",
"vibrating sound."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: soil erosion means soil loss through wind.",
"output": [
"erosion soil quality.",
"soil erosion causes.",
"soil erosion soil productivity.",
"soil erosion wind.",
"soil erosion.",
"wind air.",
"wind hurricanes."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Viruses cannot reproduce by themselves.",
"output": [
"Viruses reproduce.",
"influenza virus.",
"reproduce multiply.",
"viruses disease.",
"viruses herpes.",
"viruses hiv.",
"viruses influenza.",
"viruses make people sick.",
"viruses rabies.",
"viruses smallpox.",
"viruses."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Ethanol is produced by alcoholic fermentation of the glucose in corn or other plants.",
"output": [
"Ethanol drunk.",
"alcoholic fermentation.",
"ethanol fuel cars.",
"ethanol fuel.",
"ethanol is a fuel.",
"ethanol is alcohol.",
"ethanol run.",
"ethanol.",
"glucose sugar."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood.",
"output": [
"blood.",
"deoxygenated blood.",
"deoxygenated.",
"veins are arteries.",
"veins blood needle.",
"veins blood.",
"veins carry.",
"veins heart.",
"veins towards.",
"veins."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.",
"output": [
"consume eat.",
"insects organisms.",
"organism species food.",
"organisms animals.",
"organisms consume predator.",
"organisms living things.",
"organisms plants animals.",
"species consume."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring.",
"output": [
"human organisms.",
"offspring are needed to continue a species.",
"offspring are young.",
"offspring next generation.",
"offspring.",
"organisms animals.",
"reproduction fertilization.",
"reproduction organism.",
"reproduction.",
"rise to offspring birth gestate."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Plants have specialized reproductive organs.",
"output": [
"Plants have specialized reproductive organs.",
"organs.",
"plant bush.",
"plants bamboo.",
"plants daisies.",
"plants reproductive.",
"plants trees.",
"plants type.",
"reproductive organs gonads.",
"reproductive plants organs."
]
},
{
"input": "Fact: Freshwater biomes have water that contains little or no salt.",
"output": [
"freshwater biome.",
"freshwater biomes.",
"freshwater lakes.",