diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_algorithm.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_algorithm.h
index 5a7093f..c4cf72c 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_algorithm.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_algorithm.h
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ namespace core {
 //! hnsw graph algorithm implement
 class HnswSparseAlgorithm {
  public:
-  typedef std::unique_ptr<HnswSparseAlgorithm> UPointer;
+  using UPointer = std::unique_ptr<HnswSparseAlgorithm>;
 
- public:
   //! Constructor
   explicit HnswSparseAlgorithm(HnswSparseEntity &entity);
 
@@ -105,11 +104,9 @@ class HnswSparseAlgorithm {
   //! expand neighbors until group nums are reached
   void expand_neighbors_by_group(TopkHeap &topk, HnswSparseContext *ctx) const;
 
- private:
   HnswSparseAlgorithm(const HnswSparseAlgorithm &) = delete;
   HnswSparseAlgorithm &operator=(const HnswSparseAlgorithm &) = delete;
 
- private:
   static constexpr uint32_t kLockCnt{1U << 8};
   static constexpr uint32_t kLockMask{kLockCnt - 1U};
 
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_builder.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_builder.h
index 35c45cc..635d786 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_builder.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_builder.h
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ class HnswSparseBuilder : public IndexBuilder {
   constexpr static uint32_t kDefaultLogIntervalSecs = 15U;
   constexpr static uint32_t kMaxNeighborCnt = 65535;
 
- private:
   enum BUILD_STATE {
     BUILD_STATE_INIT = 0,
     BUILD_STATE_INITED = 1,
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_chunk.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_chunk.h
index a026989..200b3e9 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_chunk.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_chunk.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ using SparseChunk = IndexStorage::Segment;
 
 class SparseChunkBroker {
  public:
-  typedef std::shared_ptr<SparseChunkBroker> Pointer;
+  using Pointer = std::shared_ptr<SparseChunkBroker>;
 
   enum CHUNK_TYPE {
     CHUNK_TYPE_HEADER = 1,
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ class SparseChunkBroker {
            ailego::StringHelper::ToString(seq_id);
   }
 
- private:
   IndexStreamer::Stats &stats_;
   HnswSparseChunkMeta chunk_meta_{};
   size_t page_mask_{0UL};
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher.h
index 0f269a5..c232d09 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ class HnswSparseSearcher : public IndexSearcher {
  public:
   using ContextPointer = IndexSearcher::Context::Pointer;
 
- public:
   HnswSparseSearcher(void);
   virtual ~HnswSparseSearcher(void);
 
@@ -126,7 +125,6 @@ class HnswSparseSearcher : public IndexSearcher {
   //! current streamer/searcher
   int update_context(HnswSparseContext *ctx) const;
 
- private:
   enum State { STATE_INIT = 0, STATE_INITED = 1, STATE_LOADED = 2 };
 
   HnswSparseSearcherEntity entity_{};
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher_entity.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher_entity.h
index 2a14149..d1105be 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher_entity.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_searcher_entity.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ class HnswSparseSearcherEntity : public HnswSparseEntity {
   using Pointer = std::shared_ptr<HnswSparseSearcherEntity>;
   using SegmentPointer = IndexStorage::Segment::Pointer;
 
- public:
   struct SegmentGroupParam {
     SegmentGroupParam(SegmentPointer neighbors_in,
                       SegmentPointer neighbors_meta_in,
@@ -105,7 +104,6 @@ class HnswSparseSearcherEntity : public HnswSparseEntity {
 
   virtual int cleanup(void) override;
 
- public:
   bool is_loaded() const {
     return loaded_;
   }
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer.h
index fa2712b..c752342 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer.h
@@ -153,12 +153,10 @@ class HnswSparseStreamer : public IndexStreamer {
     return 0;
   }
 
- private:
   //! To share ctx across streamer/searcher, we need to update the context for
   //! current streamer/searcher
   int update_context(HnswSparseContext *ctx) const;
 
- private:
   enum State { STATE_INIT = 0, STATE_INITED = 1, STATE_OPENED = 2 };
   class Stats : public IndexStreamer::Stats {
    public:
diff --git a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer_entity.h b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer_entity.h
index 84087af..fcef695 100644
--- a/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer_entity.h
+++ b/src/core/algorithm/hnsw_sparse/hnsw_sparse_streamer_entity.h
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ class HnswSparseStreamerEntity : public HnswSparseEntity {
 
   virtual void update_ep_and_level(node_id_t ep, level_t level) override;
 
- public:
   //! Constructor
   HnswSparseStreamerEntity(IndexStreamer::Stats &stats);
 
@@ -495,13 +494,11 @@ class HnswSparseStreamerEntity : public HnswSparseEntity {
     return 0;
   }
 
- private:
   HnswSparseStreamerEntity(const HnswSparseStreamerEntity &) = delete;
   HnswSparseStreamerEntity &operator=(const HnswSparseStreamerEntity &) =
       delete;
   static constexpr uint64_t kUpperHashMemoryInflateRatio = 2.0f;
 
- private:
   IndexStreamer::Stats &stats_;
   HNSWSparseHeader header_{};
   std::mutex mutex_{};