From 0ffb07c1c21e44f8521148231df7c5949a93a7ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pradeeppeary <44652284+pradeeppeary@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2019 23:05:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Lazy Propogation Segment Tree

---
 .../LazyPropogation/LazySegmentTree.java      | 220 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 220 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 data_structures/LazyPropogation/LazySegmentTree.java

diff --git a/data_structures/LazyPropogation/LazySegmentTree.java b/data_structures/LazyPropogation/LazySegmentTree.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37b5c351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data_structures/LazyPropogation/LazySegmentTree.java
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Java program to demonstrate lazy propagation in segment tree 
+class LazySegmentTree 
+{ 
+	final int MAX = 1000;	 // Max tree size 
+	int tree[] = new int[MAX]; // To store segment tree 
+	int lazy[] = new int[MAX]; // To store pending updates 
+
+	/* si -> index of current node in segment tree 
+		ss and se -> Starting and ending indexes of elements for 
+					which current nodes stores sum. 
+		us and eu -> starting and ending indexes of update query 
+		ue -> ending index of update query 
+		diff -> which we need to add in the range us to ue */
+	void updateRangeUtil(int si, int ss, int se, int us, 
+						int ue, int diff) 
+	{ 
+		// If lazy value is non-zero for current node of segment 
+		// tree, then there are some pending updates. So we need 
+		// to make sure that the pending updates are done before 
+		// making new updates. Because this value may be used by 
+		// parent after recursive calls (See last line of this 
+		// function) 
+		if (lazy[si] != 0) 
+		{ 
+			// Make pending updates using value stored in lazy 
+			// nodes 
+			tree[si] += (se - ss + 1) * lazy[si]; 
+
+			// checking if it is not leaf node because if 
+			// it is leaf node then we cannot go further 
+			if (ss != se) 
+			{ 
+				// We can postpone updating children we don't 
+				// need their new values now. 
+				// Since we are not yet updating children of si, 
+				// we need to set lazy flags for the children 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 1] += lazy[si]; 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 2] += lazy[si]; 
+			} 
+
+			// Set the lazy value for current node as 0 as it 
+			// has been updated 
+			lazy[si] = 0; 
+		} 
+
+		// out of range 
+		if (ss > se || ss > ue || se < us) 
+			return; 
+
+		// Current segment is fully in range 
+		if (ss >= us && se <= ue) 
+		{ 
+			// Add the difference to current node 
+			tree[si] += (se - ss + 1) * diff; 
+
+			// same logic for checking leaf node or not 
+			if (ss != se) 
+			{ 
+				// This is where we store values in lazy nodes, 
+				// rather than updating the segment tree itelf 
+				// Since we don't need these updated values now 
+				// we postpone updates by storing values in lazy[] 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 1] += diff; 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 2] += diff; 
+			} 
+			return; 
+		} 
+
+		// If not completely in rang, but overlaps, recur for 
+		// children, 
+		int mid = (ss + se) / 2; 
+		updateRangeUtil(si * 2 + 1, ss, mid, us, ue, diff); 
+		updateRangeUtil(si * 2 + 2, mid + 1, se, us, ue, diff); 
+
+		// And use the result of children calls to update this 
+		// node 
+		tree[si] = tree[si * 2 + 1] + tree[si * 2 + 2]; 
+	} 
+
+	// Function to update a range of values in segment 
+	// tree 
+	/* us and eu -> starting and ending indexes of update query 
+		ue -> ending index of update query 
+		diff -> which we need to add in the range us to ue */
+	void updateRange(int n, int us, int ue, int diff) { 
+		updateRangeUtil(0, 0, n - 1, us, ue, diff); 
+	} 
+
+	/* A recursive function to get the sum of values in given 
+		range of the array. The following are parameters for 
+		this function. 
+		si --> Index of current node in the segment tree. 
+			Initially 0 is passed as root is always at' 
+			index 0 
+		ss & se --> Starting and ending indexes of the 
+					segment represented by current node, 
+					i.e., tree[si] 
+		qs & qe --> Starting and ending indexes of query 
+					range */
+	int getSumUtil(int ss, int se, int qs, int qe, int si) 
+	{ 
+		// If lazy flag is set for current node of segment tree, 
+		// then there are some pending updates. So we need to 
+		// make sure that the pending updates are done before 
+		// processing the sub sum query 
+		if (lazy[si] != 0) 
+		{ 
+			// Make pending updates to this node. Note that this 
+			// node represents sum of elements in arr[ss..se] and 
+			// all these elements must be increased by lazy[si] 
+			tree[si] += (se - ss + 1) * lazy[si]; 
+
+			// checking if it is not leaf node because if 
+			// it is leaf node then we cannot go further 
+			if (ss != se) 
+			{ 
+				// Since we are not yet updating children os si, 
+				// we need to set lazy values for the children 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 1] += lazy[si]; 
+				lazy[si * 2 + 2] += lazy[si]; 
+			} 
+
+			// unset the lazy value for current node as it has 
+			// been updated 
+			lazy[si] = 0; 
+		} 
+
+		// Out of range 
+		if (ss > se || ss > qe || se < qs) 
+			return 0; 
+
+		// At this point sure, pending lazy updates are done 
+		// for current node. So we can return value (same as 
+		// was for query in our previous post) 
+
+		// If this segment lies in range 
+		if (ss >= qs && se <= qe) 
+			return tree[si]; 
+
+		// If a part of this segment overlaps with the given 
+		// range 
+		int mid = (ss + se) / 2; 
+		return getSumUtil(ss, mid, qs, qe, 2 * si + 1) + 
+			getSumUtil(mid + 1, se, qs, qe, 2 * si + 2); 
+	} 
+
+	// Return sum of elements in range from index qs (query 
+	// start) to qe (query end). It mainly uses getSumUtil() 
+	int getSum(int n, int qs, int qe) 
+	{ 
+		// Check for erroneous input values 
+		if (qs < 0 || qe > n - 1 || qs > qe) 
+		{ 
+			System.out.println("Invalid Input"); 
+			return -1; 
+		} 
+
+		return getSumUtil(0, n - 1, qs, qe, 0); 
+	} 
+
+	/* A recursive function that constructs Segment Tree for 
+	array[ss..se]. si is index of current node in segment 
+	tree st. */
+	void constructSTUtil(int arr[], int ss, int se, int si) 
+	{ 
+		// out of range as ss can never be greater than se 
+		if (ss > se) 
+			return; 
+
+		/* If there is one element in array, store it in 
+		current node of segment tree and return */
+		if (ss == se) 
+		{ 
+			tree[si] = arr[ss]; 
+			return; 
+		} 
+
+		/* If there are more than one elements, then recur 
+		for left and right subtrees and store the sum 
+		of values in this node */
+		int mid = (ss + se) / 2; 
+		constructSTUtil(arr, ss, mid, si * 2 + 1); 
+		constructSTUtil(arr, mid + 1, se, si * 2 + 2); 
+
+		tree[si] = tree[si * 2 + 1] + tree[si * 2 + 2]; 
+	} 
+
+	/* Function to construct segment tree from given array. 
+	This function allocates memory for segment tree and 
+	calls constructSTUtil() to fill the allocated memory */
+	void constructST(int arr[], int n) 
+	{ 
+		// Fill the allocated memory st 
+		constructSTUtil(arr, 0, n - 1, 0); 
+	} 
+
+
+	// Driver program to test above functions 
+	public static void main(String args[]) 
+	{ 
+		int arr[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}; 
+		int n = arr.length; 
+		LazySegmentTree tree = new LazySegmentTree(); 
+
+		// Build segment tree from given array 
+		tree.constructST(arr, n); 
+
+		// Print sum of values in array from index 1 to 3 
+		System.out.println("Sum of values in given range = " + 
+						tree.getSum(n, 1, 3)); 
+
+		// Add 10 to all nodes at indexes from 1 to 5. 
+		tree.updateRange(n, 1, 5, 10); 
+
+		// Find sum after the value is updated 
+		System.out.println("Updated sum of values in given range = " + 
+						tree.getSum(n, 1, 3)); 
+	} 
+} 
+// This Code is contributed by Ankur Narain Verma