diff --git a/activemq-kahadb-store/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/store/kahadb/scheduler/JobSchedulerImpl.java b/activemq-kahadb-store/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/store/kahadb/scheduler/JobSchedulerImpl.java
index 29e9e23ee83..25d086e343c 100644
--- a/activemq-kahadb-store/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/store/kahadb/scheduler/JobSchedulerImpl.java
+++ b/activemq-kahadb-store/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/store/kahadb/scheduler/JobSchedulerImpl.java
@@ -268,6 +268,16 @@ private void doReschedule(final String jobId, long executionTime, long nextExecu
         this.store.store(update);
     }
 
+    private void doSchedule(final List<Closure> toSchedule) {
+        for (Closure closure : toSchedule) {
+            try {
+                closure.run();
+            } catch (final Exception e) {
+                LOG.warn("Failed to schedule job", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private void doRemove(final List<Closure> toRemove) throws IOException {
         for (Closure closure : toRemove) {
             closure.run();
@@ -727,6 +737,7 @@ protected void mainLoop() {
                 // needed before firing the job event.
                 List<Closure> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
                 List<Closure> toReschedule = new ArrayList<>();
+                List<Closure> toSchedule = new ArrayList<>();
                 try {
                     this.store.readLockIndex();
 
@@ -776,12 +787,18 @@ protected void mainLoop() {
                                                 // we have a separate schedule to run at this time
                                                 // so the cron job is used to set of a separate schedule
                                                 // hence we won't fire the original cron job to the
-                                                // listeners but we do need to start a separate schedule
-                                                String jobId = ID_GENERATOR.generateId();
-                                                ByteSequence payload = getPayload(job.getLocation());
-                                                schedule(jobId, payload, "", job.getDelay(), job.getPeriod(), job.getRepeat());
-                                                waitTime = job.getDelay() != 0 ? job.getDelay() : job.getPeriod();
-                                                this.scheduleTime.setWaitTime(waitTime);
+                                                // listeners, but we do need to start a separate schedule
+                                                toSchedule.add(() -> {
+                                                    try {
+                                                        String jobId = ID_GENERATOR.generateId();
+                                                        ByteSequence payload = getPayload(job.getLocation());
+                                                        schedule(jobId, payload, "", job.getDelay(), job.getPeriod(), job.getRepeat());
+                                                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                                                        LOG.warn("Failed to schedule cron follow-up job", e);
+                                                    }
+                                                });
+                                                long wait = job.getDelay() != 0 ? job.getDelay() : job.getPeriod();
+                                                this.scheduleTime.setWaitTime(wait);
                                             }
                                         } else {
                                             toRemove.add(() -> doRemove(executionTime, job.getJobId()));
@@ -797,6 +814,10 @@ protected void mainLoop() {
                 } finally {
                     this.store.readUnlockIndex();
 
+                    // deferred execution of all jobs to be scheduled to avoid deadlock with indexLock
+                    doSchedule(toSchedule);
+
+                    // now reschedule all jobs that need rescheduling
                     doReschedule(toReschedule);
 
                     // now remove all jobs that have not been rescheduled,
@@ -805,6 +826,7 @@ protected void mainLoop() {
                 }
 
                 this.scheduleTime.pause();
+
             } catch (Exception ioe) {
                 LOG.error("{} Failed to schedule job", this.name, ioe);
                 try {
diff --git a/activemq-unit-tests/src/test/java/org/apache/activemq/broker/scheduler/JmsSchedulerTest.java b/activemq-unit-tests/src/test/java/org/apache/activemq/broker/scheduler/JmsSchedulerTest.java
index 773713d7d5f..4e1a1ce5c5c 100644
--- a/activemq-unit-tests/src/test/java/org/apache/activemq/broker/scheduler/JmsSchedulerTest.java
+++ b/activemq-unit-tests/src/test/java/org/apache/activemq/broker/scheduler/JmsSchedulerTest.java
@@ -16,14 +16,6 @@
  */
 package org.apache.activemq.broker.scheduler;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
-
 import jakarta.jms.Connection;
 import jakarta.jms.JMSException;
 import jakarta.jms.Message;
@@ -32,7 +24,6 @@
 import jakarta.jms.MessageProducer;
 import jakarta.jms.Session;
 import jakarta.jms.TextMessage;
-
 import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
 import org.apache.activemq.ScheduledMessage;
 import org.apache.activemq.store.kahadb.disk.journal.Location;
@@ -48,6 +39,14 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
 public class JmsSchedulerTest extends JobSchedulerTestSupport {
 
     private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JmsSchedulerTest.class);
@@ -230,6 +229,11 @@ public void append(LogEvent event) {
                     numberOfDiscardedJobs.incrementAndGet();
                 }
             }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean isStarted() {
+                return true; // false in DefaultTestAppender so Log4j will discard this appender
+            }
         };
 
         registerLogAppender(appender);