GH-45398: [CI][Dev][Ruby] Add Ruby lint (#45417)

### Rationale for this change

Multiple users are developing Ruby codes. Adding Ruby Lint helps keep the same style.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add Ruby Lint. (Rubocop)

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: #45398

Lead-authored-by: Hiroyuki Sato <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <[email protected]>

Author: hiroyuki-sato

Diff for: .pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -141,6 +141,18 @@ repos:
           (
           ?^r/src/arrowExports\.cpp$|
           )
+  - repo: https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop
+    rev: "v1.71.0"
+    hooks:
+      - id: rubocop
+        name: Ruby Format
+        alias: ruby-format
+        args:
+          - "--autocorrect"
+        exclude: >-
+          (
+          ?^dev/tasks/homebrew-formulae/.*\.rb$|
+          )
   - repo: https://github.com/cheshirekow/cmake-format-precommit
     rev: v0.6.13
     hooks:

Diff for: .rubocop.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Ruby lint begins minimal.
+# All of checkings changed to disable by default.
+AllCops:
+  DisabledByDefault: true
+
+Lint:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Layout/LineLength:
+  Max: 100
+
+Layout/ArgumentAlignment:
+  Enabled: true