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+---
+title: "Parquet format versions"
+linkTitle: "Features and Versions"
+weight: 9
+---
+
+This page describes how features are added to the [Parquet format
+specification](https://github.com/apache/parquet-format) and how they affect
+reader and writer compatibility. See the
+[Implementation status](../implementationstatus/) page for which implementations
+(arrow, parquet-java, arrow-rs, etc.) support each feature.
+
+*Note*: If you find out-of-date information, please open an issue or pull request.
+
+## Feature compatibility
+
+The Parquet format spec [classifies changes] by their effect on reader and
+writer compatibility. Changes differ in their *forward* compatibility — whether
+an older reader can read files that use a newer feature.
+
+**Forward compatible** features remain **readable by older readers**, with a
+possibly degraded experience: some metadata may be missing or performance may
+suffer, but the reader does not fail. Examples:
+
+* **Bloom filters**: a reader that ignores them skips the pruning metadata but
+ still reads the data correctly.
+* **Logical type annotations** such as `VARIANT`: an older reader reads the
+ underlying physical column (e.g. `BYTE_ARRAY`) as raw bytes without applying
+ the logical type.
+
+**Forward incompatible** features make the data **unreadable** to older software.
+Examples:
+
+* **New encodings** (e.g. the `DELTA_*` encodings, `BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT`,
+ `RLE_DICTIONARY`): a reader that does not implement them cannot decode the
+ column values.
+* **Data Page V2 headers**: a reader that only understands `DataPageHeader`
+ cannot parse `DataPageHeaderV2` pages.
+
+[classifies changes]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#compatibility-and-feature-enablement
+
+## `FileMetadata` version field
+
+Each Parquet file has a `version` field in the [`thrift FileMetadata`]. This
+field has historically been used inconsistently: writers populate `1` or `2`
+without a consistent relationship to the features actually used. See the
+[note in parquet.thrift] and [this discussion][closing-out-2.0] for details.
+
+## `parquet-format` release versions
+
+The Thrift definition is released independently of implementations such as
+parquet-java or arrow-rs, following the Apache release process. This
+release version is not recorded in the FileMetaData. Note that
+release numbering **DOES NOT FOLLOW** [semantic versioning]:
+minor releases (e.g. `2.10.0` to `2.11.0`) sometimes contain forward
+incompatible features.
+
+## Adding new features
+
+New features are added by discussion and voting on the [parquet dev mailing list]
+(full process in the [contributing guide]). Once approved, a feature is added to the spec and ships in
+the next parquet-format release.
+
+[parquet dev mailing list]: https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@parquet.apache.org
+[semantic versioning]: https://semver.org/
+[`thrift FileMetadata`]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/c42c2cb4ecfccb38153375e24b702a82fd763cc0/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L1365-L1373
+[contributing guide]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#additionschanges-to-the-format
+[note in parquet.thrift]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/74001e41f5c5a1856b29be115f9c992cab16a4bf/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L1368-L1373
+[closing-out-2.0]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/0bdyyb7qobrxx94x8v7t5z7g2ksnpyr2
+
+## Forward incompatible features by version
+
+Forward incompatible features and the format version each became available in:
+
+| Feature | Released in | Source | Notes |
+| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- | --- | ------------------------- |
+| [BOOLEAN] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [INT32] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [INT64] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [INT96 (deprecated)] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [FLOAT] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [DOUBLE] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [BYTE_ARRAY] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [Data Page V1] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [Data Page V2] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [PLAIN] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [PLAIN_DICTIONARY] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [RLE] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [BIT_PACKED (deprecated)] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [RLE_DICTIONARY] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [DELTA_BINARY_PACKED] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [DELTA_LENGTH_BYTE_ARRAY] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [DELTA_BYTE_ARRAY] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT] | [2.8.0] | [2.7.0..2.8.0] | [Approved 2019-12-03] |
+| [BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT
(Additional Types)] | [2.11.0] | [2.10.0..2.11.0] | [Approved 2024-03-18] |
+| [UNCOMPRESSED] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [SNAPPY] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [GZIP] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [LZO] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [BROTLI] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+| [LZ4 (deprecated)] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+| [LZ4_RAW] | [2.9.0] | [2.8.0..2.9.0] | |
+| [ZSTD] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+| [Modular encryption] | [2.7.0] | [2.6.0..2.7.0] | [Approved 2019-01-16] |
+
+
+> **Note:** Files with an [encrypted footer] use different magic bytes (`PARE`
+> instead of `PAR1`), making it clear to readers they must support modular
+> encryption to read the file; [plaintext footer] files use `PAR1` so legacy
+> readers can still read their unencrypted columns.
+
+## Forward compatible additions
+
+Older readers can read files that use these features but may not understand the
+new information.
+
+| Feature | Released in | Source | Notes |
+| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | --- |-----------------------------------------------------------|
+| [xxHash-based bloom filters] | [2.7.0] | [2.6.0..2.7.0] | [Approved 2019-09-09] |
+| [Bloom filter length] | [2.10.0] | [2.9.0..2.10.0] | |
+| [Page index] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+| [Page CRC32 checksum] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [Size statistics] | [2.10.0] | [2.9.0..2.10.0] | [Approved 2023-11-14] |
+| [Geospatial statistics] | [2.11.0] | [2.10.0..2.11.0] | [Approved 2025-02-09] |
+| [Binary protocol extensions] | [2.11.0] | [2.10.0..2.11.0] | [Approved 2024-09-06] |
+| [IEEE 754 total order and NaN counts] | [2.13.0] | [2.12.0..2.13.0] | [Approved 2026-05-26] |
+| [LogicalType union] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | Supersedes `ConvertedType` enum
deprecated in [2.9.0] |
+| [STRING (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [ENUM (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.0.0] | [1.0.0..2.0.0] | |
+| [UUID (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(16))] | [2.6.0] | [2.5.0..2.6.0] | |
+| [Signed and unsigned integer logical types (INT32, INT64)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [DECIMAL (INT32)] | [2.1.0] | [2.0.0..2.1.0] | |
+| [DECIMAL (INT64)] | [2.1.0] | [2.0.0..2.1.0] | |
+| [DECIMAL (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.1.0] | [2.0.0..2.1.0] | |
+| [DECIMAL (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.1.0] | [2.0.0..2.1.0] | |
+| [FLOAT16 (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(2))] | [2.10.0] | [2.9.0..2.10.0] | [Approved 2023-10-13] |
+| [DATE (INT32)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [TIME (INT32)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [TIME (INT64)] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+| [TIMESTAMP (INT64)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [Nanosecond TIME/TIMESTAMP] | [2.6.0] | [2.5.0..2.6.0] | |
+| [INTERVAL (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(12))] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [JSON (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [BSON (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.2.0] | [2.1.0..2.2.0] | |
+| [VARIANT] | [2.12.0] | [2.11.0..2.12.0] | [Approved 2025-08-24] |
+| [Variant shredding] | [2.12.0] | [2.11.0..2.12.0] | [Approved 2025-08-24] |
+| [GEOMETRY (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.11.0] | [2.10.0..2.11.0] | [Approved 2025-02-09] |
+| [GEOGRAPHY (BYTE_ARRAY)] | [2.11.0] | [2.10.0..2.11.0] | [Approved 2025-02-09] |
+| [LIST] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [MAP] | [1.0.0] | [1.0.0][tree-1.0.0] | |
+| [UNKNOWN (always null)] | [2.4.0] | [2.3.1..2.4.0] | |
+
+[PLAIN]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#plain-plain--0
+[PLAIN_DICTIONARY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#dictionary-encoding-plain_dictionary--2-and-rle_dictionary--8
+[RLE]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#run-length-encoding--bit-packing-hybrid-rle--3
+[RLE_DICTIONARY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#dictionary-encoding-plain_dictionary--2-and-rle_dictionary--8
+[DELTA_BINARY_PACKED]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#delta-encoding-delta_binary_packed--5
+[DELTA_LENGTH_BYTE_ARRAY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#delta-length-byte-array-delta_length_byte_array--6
+[DELTA_BYTE_ARRAY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#delta-strings-delta_byte_array--7
+[BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#byte-stream-split-byte_stream_split--9
+[Modular encryption]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encryption.md
+[encrypted footer]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encryption.md#54-encrypted-footer-mode
+[plaintext footer]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encryption.md#55-plaintext-footer-mode
+[xxHash-based bloom filters]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/BloomFilter.md
+[Page index]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/PageIndex.md
+[FLOAT16 (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(2))]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#float16
+[VARIANT]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantEncoding.md
+[GEOMETRY (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#geometry
+[GEOGRAPHY (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#geography
+
+[1.0.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/parquet-format-1.0.0
+[2.0.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/parquet-format-2.0.0
+[2.8.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.8.0
+[2.11.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.11.0
+[2.4.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.4.0
+[2.9.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.9.0
+[2.7.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.7.0
+[2.10.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.10.0
+[2.12.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.12.0
+[2.13.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.13.0
+
+[Approved 2019-12-03]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/xs5qt2odm299pxgqb22mty2csc1so5yr
+[Approved 2024-03-18]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/nlsj0ftxy7y4ov1678rgy5zc7dmogg6q
+[Approved 2019-01-16]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/l8zcwnbrnhjh3w2k1lyb0v6ct5lnzr0h
+[Approved 2019-09-09]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/ktdx1xp0d2gjfgkcvd29zxvt3cgg88bo
+[Approved 2023-11-14]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/wgobz41mfldbhqpg9q4mdwypghg2cxg2
+[Approved 2023-10-13]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/gyvqcx9ssxkjlrwogqwy7n4z6ofdm871
+[Approved 2025-08-24]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/obn1yzhgm5zlznwrdpg7f66mswwooxw7
+[Approved 2025-02-09]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/s6s714c98cn9gg22mnk5nsn7xymym8xo
+
+[1.0.0..2.0.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/parquet-format-1.0.0...parquet-format-2.0.0
+[2.7.0..2.8.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.7.0...apache-parquet-format-2.8.0
+[2.10.0..2.11.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.10.0...apache-parquet-format-2.11.0
+[2.3.1..2.4.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.3.1...apache-parquet-format-2.4.0
+[2.8.0..2.9.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.8.0...apache-parquet-format-2.9.0
+[2.6.0..2.7.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.6.0...apache-parquet-format-2.7.0
+[2.9.0..2.10.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.9.0...apache-parquet-format-2.10.0
+[2.11.0..2.12.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.11.0...apache-parquet-format-2.12.0
+[2.12.0..2.13.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.12.0...apache-parquet-format-2.13.0
+
+[2.1.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/parquet-format-2.1.0
+[2.2.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.2.0
+[2.6.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/releases/tag/apache-parquet-format-2.6.0
+[2.0.0..2.1.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/parquet-format-2.0.0...parquet-format-2.1.0
+[2.1.0..2.2.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/parquet-format-2.1.0...apache-parquet-format-2.2.0
+[2.5.0..2.6.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/compare/apache-parquet-format-2.5.0...apache-parquet-format-2.6.0
+
+[tree-1.0.0]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/tree/parquet-format-1.0.0
+
+[Variant shredding]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantShredding.md
+[Geospatial statistics]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Geospatial.md#statistics
+[Binary protocol extensions]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/BinaryProtocolExtensions.md
+[Approved 2024-09-06]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/x3472kldrq5kjnld9ztj1jozz25f40hg
+[Approved 2026-05-26]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/h0k0hqo0sojqphnbnrkp8b0gmwdzq9on
+
+[Bloom filter length]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L933
+[Page CRC32 checksum]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L829
+[Size statistics]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L202
+[LogicalType union]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L471
+[Nanosecond TIME/TIMESTAMP]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L352
+[STRING (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#string
+[ENUM (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#enum
+[UUID (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(16))]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#uuid
+[DECIMAL (INT32)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal
+[DECIMAL (INT64)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal
+[DECIMAL (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal
+[DECIMAL (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#decimal
+[DATE (INT32)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#date
+[TIME (INT32)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#time
+[TIME (INT64)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#time
+[TIMESTAMP (INT64)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#timestamp
+[INTERVAL (FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY(12))]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#interval
+[JSON (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#json
+[BSON (BYTE_ARRAY)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#bson
+[LIST]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#lists
+[MAP]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#maps
+[UNKNOWN (always null)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#unknown-always-null
+[Signed and unsigned integer logical types (INT32, INT64)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/LogicalTypes.md#signed-integers
+[IEEE 754 total order and NaN counts]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L1061
+
+[BOOLEAN]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L33
+[INT32]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L34
+[INT64]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L35
+[INT96 (deprecated)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L36
+[FLOAT]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L37
+[DOUBLE]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L38
+[BYTE_ARRAY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L39
+[FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L40
+[Data Page V1]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L671
+[Data Page V2]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/96656a543a2165d57cc1c9abefaad7f9aeb563a5/src/main/thrift/parquet.thrift#L724
+[BIT_PACKED (deprecated)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#bit-packed-deprecated-bit_packed--4
+[BYTE_STREAM_SPLIT
(Additional Types)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Encodings.md#byte-stream-split-byte_stream_split--9
+[UNCOMPRESSED]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#uncompressed
+[SNAPPY]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#snappy
+[GZIP]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#gzip
+[LZO]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#lzo
+[BROTLI]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#brotli
+[LZ4 (deprecated)]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#lz4
+[LZ4_RAW]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#lz4_raw
+[ZSTD]: https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/Compression.md#zstd