inst.rmd

---
layout: default
title: Installed files
output: bookdown::html_chapter
---

# Installed files {#inst}

When a package is installed, everything in `inst/` is copied into the installed directory. In some sense `inst/` is the opposite of `.Rbuildignore` - where `.Rbuildignore` lets you remove arbitrary files and directories to the top level, `inst/` lets you add them. You are free to put anything you like in `inst/` with one caution: because `inst/` is copied into the top-level directory, you should never use a subdirectory with the same name as an existing directory. This means that you should avoid `inst/build`, `inst/data`, `inst/demo`, `inst/exec`, `inst/help`, `inst/html`, `inst/inst`, `inst/libs`, `inst/Meta`, `inst/man`, `inst/po`, `inst/R`, `inst/src`, `inst/tests`, `inst/tools` and `inst/vignettes`.

This chapter discusses the most common files found in `inst/`:

* `inst/AUTHOR` and `inst/COPYRIGHT`. If the copyright and authorship of a 
  package is particularly complex, you can use plain text files 
  `inst/COPYRIGHTS` and `inst/AUTHORS` to provide more information.

* `inst/CITATION`: how to cite the package, see 
  [package citation](#inst-citation) for details.

* `inst/docs`: This is an older convention for vignettes, and should be avoided 
   in modern packages.

* `inst/extdata`: additional external data for examples and vignettes. 
  See [external data](#data-extdata) for more detail.

* `inst/java`, `inst/python` etc. See [other languages](#inst-other-langs).

To find a file in `inst/` in R code, use `system.file()`. For example, to find `inst/extdata/mydata.csv`, you'd call `system.file("extdata", "mydata.csv", package = "mypackage")`. Note that you omit the `inst/` directory from the path. This will work if the package is installed, or if it's been loaded with `devtools::load_all()`.

## Package citation {#inst-citation}

The `CITATION` file lives in the `inst` directory and is intimately connected to the `citation()` function which tells you how to cite R and R packages.  Calling `citation()` without any arguments tells you how to cite base R:

```{r}
citation()
```

Calling it with a package name tells you how to cite that package:

```{r}
citation("lubridate")
```

To customise the citation for your package, add a `inst/CITATION` that looks like this:

```{r, echo = FALSE, comment = ""}
citation <- readLines(system.file("CITATION", package = "lubridate"))
cat(citation, sep = "\n")
```

You need to create `inst/CITATION`. As you can see, it's pretty simple: you only need to learn one new function, `citEntry()`. The most important arguments are:

* `entry`: the type of citation, "Article", "Book", "PhDThesis" etc.

* The standard bibliographic information like `title`, `author` (which should 
  be a `personList()`), `year`, `journal`, `volume`, `issue`, `pages`, ...
  
A complete list of arguments can be found in `?bibentry`.

Use `citHeader()` and `citFooter()` to add additional exhortations.

## Other languages {#inst-other-langs}

Sometimes a package contains useful supplementary scripts in other programming languages. Generally, you should avoid these, because it adds an additional extra dependency, but it may be useful when wrapping substantial amounts of code from another language. For example, [gdata](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gdata/index.html) provides wraps the Perl module [Spreadsheet::ParseExcel](http://search.cpan.org/~dougw/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel-0.65/) to read excel files into R.

The convention is to put scripts of this nature into a subdirectory of `inst/`, `inst/python`, `inst/perl`, `inst/ruby` etc. If these scripts are essential to your package, make sure you also add the appropriate programming language to the `SystemRequirements` field in the `DESCRIPTION`. (This field is for human reading so don't worry about exactly how you specify it.)

Java is a special case because you need to include both the source code (which should go in `java/` and be listed in `.Rinstignore`), and the compiled jar files (which should go in `inst/java`). Make sure to add `rJava` to `Imports`.