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Ancore Architecture Overview

This document provides a high-level overview of the Ancore system architecture.

System Components

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      User Applications                       │
│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐      │
│  │  Extension   │  │    Mobile    │  │     Web      │      │
│  │    Wallet    │  │    Wallet    │  │  Dashboard   │      │
│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘      │
└────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
                         │
                         │ Ancore SDK
                         │
┌────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Core SDK Layer                           │
│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐      │
│  │   Account    │  │   Session    │  │     TX       │      │
│  │     Mgmt     │  │     Keys     │  │   Builder    │      │
│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘      │
└────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
                         │
                         │
┌────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────────────┐
│                  Stellar/Soroban Layer                       │
│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐      │
│  │   Account    │  │  Validation  │  │   Invoice    │      │
│  │   Contract   │  │   Modules    │  │   Contract   │      │
│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘      │
└────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
                         │
                         │
                    Stellar Network

Core Concepts

Smart Accounts

Smart accounts are the foundation of Ancore. Unlike traditional accounts that use a single private key for all operations, smart accounts are programmable contracts that can implement custom validation logic.

Key Features:

  • Custom signature validation
  • Multi-signature support
  • Session keys for seamless UX
  • Upgradeability
  • Recovery mechanisms

Account Abstraction

Ancore brings ERC-4337-style account abstraction to Stellar/Soroban:

  1. Validation: Custom logic determines if a transaction is valid
  2. Execution: Transactions are executed on behalf of the account
  3. Paymaster: Optional third-party fee payment
  4. Bundling: Multiple operations in a single transaction

Session Keys

Session keys enable seamless UX by allowing time-limited, permission-scoped signing keys:

  • User signs once to create a session
  • Session key signs subsequent transactions
  • Automatic expiration
  • Granular permissions
  • Revocable at any time

Data Flow

Transaction Flow

1. User initiates transaction
   ↓
2. Wallet creates UserOp
   ↓
3. Session key signs (if available)
   ↓
4. Submit to relayer (optional)
   ↓
5. Relayer submits to network
   ↓
6. Account contract validates
   ↓
7. Transaction executes
   ↓
8. Events emitted

Account Creation

1. Generate key pair
   ↓
2. Deploy account contract
   ↓
3. Initialize with owner
   ↓
4. Set up validation modules
   ↓
5. (Optional) Configure recovery

Security Architecture

Trust Boundaries

  1. User's Private Key: Ultimate source of authority
  2. Account Contract: Enforces validation rules
  3. Validation Modules: Pluggable validation logic
  4. Session Keys: Limited, scoped permissions
  5. Relayers: Untrusted transaction submitters

Security Layers

  • Contract Level: Validation, access control, nonce management
  • SDK Level: Transaction building, signing, encryption
  • Application Level: UI security, phishing protection

Scalability

Gas Optimization

  • Minimal on-chain storage
  • Efficient validation algorithms
  • Batch operations
  • Off-chain computation where possible

Relayer Network

Optional relayer network for:

  • Meta-transactions
  • Gasless transactions
  • Transaction batching
  • Network fee abstraction

Integration Points

For Developers

  1. Core SDK: JavaScript/TypeScript SDK for building applications
  2. Contract ABIs: Direct contract interaction
  3. REST API: Optional backend services
  4. WebSocket: Real-time updates

For Users

  1. Browser Extension: Web3 wallet extension
  2. Mobile Apps: iOS/Android wallets
  3. Web Dashboard: Account management interface

Future Architecture

Planned Enhancements

  • Cross-chain support via bridges
  • Privacy features (zk-proofs)
  • Advanced recovery mechanisms
  • Decentralized relayer network
  • AI-powered financial agent

Related Documents

Last Updated: January 2026