SomeMadness.java

import java.io.IOException;

class DemoContainer {
    void fun() throws ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, IOException {
        int[] arr = { 10 };
        System.out.println(arr[4]); // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
    }

    void caller() throws ArithmeticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, IOException {
        try {
            // try {
            // throw new ArithmeticException();
            // } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            // throw e;
            // }
            fun();
            System.out.println("End of try block"); // Not printed
        } catch (ArithmeticException | ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.print("Inside catch of caller(): ");
            System.out.println(e);
            throw e; // Gets substituted by the throw in finally
        } finally {
            System.out.print("Inside finally block of caller(): ");
            try {
                throw new ArithmeticException();
            } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
                System.out.print("Inside nested catch of caller(): ");
                throw e; // This is the exception that is actually rethrown
            } finally {
                System.out.print("Inside nested finally block of caller(): ");
                throw new NullPointerException();
            }
        }
    }
}

public class SomeMadness {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DemoContainer c = new DemoContainer();
        try {
            System.out.print("Inside main(): ");
            c.caller();
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.println("Fallback logic for array index out of bounds" + e);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println("Fallback logic for arithmetic exception" + e);
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            System.out.println("Fallback logic for null pointer exception" + e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Fallback logic for exception" + e);
        }
        System.out.println("End of main");
    }
}