The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0 offers a structured classification system that categorizes ecosystems based on their ecological functions and species assemblages. BASIN honed in on Levels 2 and 3, the system identifies "Functional Biomes" and "Ecosystem Functional Groups" as critical components within broader realms like terrestrial, freshwater, and marine. Functional Biomes share major ecological drivers that regulate key functions, while Ecosystem Functional Groups within these biomes share common drivers that lead to similar biotic traits. This hierarchical framework is essential for understanding the traits and drivers that underlie ecosystem functionality, thus aiding in ecosystem management and conservation efforts. This classification is crucial given the human influence on ecosystems, many of which are at risk of collapse, impacting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being.
{% hint style="info" %} SEEA EA, TNFD, and IUCN Red List utilize and reference IUCN GET 2.0 {% endhint %}
- T1.1 Tropical-subtropical lowland rainforests
- T1.2 Tropical-subtropical dry forests and thickets
- T1.3 Tropical-subtropical montane rainforests
- T1.4 Tropical heath forests
- T2.1 Boreal and temperate high montane forests and woodlands
- T2.2 Deciduous temperate forests
- T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests
- T2.4 Warm temperate laurophyll forests
- T2.5 Temperate pyric humid forests
- T3.1 Seasonally dry tropical shrublands
- T3.2 Seasonally dry temperate heaths and shrublands
- T3.3 Cool temperate heathlands
- T3.4 Rocky pavements, screes and lava flows
- T4.1 Trophic savannas
- T4.2 Pyric tussock savannas
- T4.3 Hummock savannas
- T4.4 Temperate woodlands
- T4.5 Temperate subhumid grasslands
- T5.1 Semi-desert steppes
- T5.2 Thorny deserts and semi-deserts
- T5.3 Sclerophyll hot deserts and semi-deserts
- T5.4 Cool deserts and semi-deserts
- T5.5 Hyper-arid deserts
- T6.1 Ice sheets, glaciers and perennial snowfields
- T6.2 Polar-alpine rocky outcrops
- T6.3 Polar tundra and deserts
- T6.4 Temperate alpine grasslands and shrublands
- T6.5 Tropical alpine grasslands and shrublands
- T7.1 Annual croplands
- T7.2 Sown pastures and fields
- T7.3 Plantations
- T7.4 Urban and industrial ecosystems
- T7.5 Derived semi-natural pastures and oldfields
- S1.1 Aerobic caves
- S1.2 Endolithic systems
- S2.1 Anthropogenic subterranean voids
- SF1.1 Underground streams and pools
- SF1.2 Groundwater ecosystems
- SF2.1 Water pipes and subterranean canals
- SF2.2 Flooded mines and other voids
- SM3.1 Anchialine caves
- SM3.2 Anchialine pools
- SM3.1 Sea caves
- TF1.1 Tropical flooded forests and peat forests
- TF1.2 Subtropical/temperate forested wetlands
- TF1.3 Permanent marshes
- TF1.4 Seasonal floodplain marshes
- TF1.5 Episodic arid floodplains
- TF1.6 Boreal, temperate and montane peat bogs
- TF1.7 Boreal and temperate fens
- F1.1 Permanent upland streams
- F1.2 Permanent lowland rivers
- F1.3 Freeze-thaw rivers and streams
- F1.4 Seasonal upland streams
- F1.5 Seasonal lowland rivers
- F1.6 Episodic arid rivers
- F1.7 Large lowland rivers
- F2.1 Large permanent freshwater lakes
- F2.2 Small permanent freshwater lakes
- F2.3 Seasonal freshwater lakes
- F2.4 Freeze-thaw freshwater lakes
- F2.5 Ephemeral freshwater lakes
- F2.6 Permanent salt and soda lakes
- F2.7 Ephemeral salt lakes
- F2.8 Artesian springs and oases
- F2.9 Geothermal pools and wetlands
- F2.10 Subglacial lakes
- F3.1 Large reservoirs
- F3.2 Constructed lacustrine wetlands
- F3.3 Rice paddies
- F3.4 Freshwater aquafarms
- F3.5 Canals, ditches and drains
- FM1.1 Deepwater coastal inlets
- FM1.2 Permanently open riverine estuaries and bays
- FM1.3 Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons
- M1.1 Seagrass meadows
- M1.2 Kelp forests
- M1.3 Photic coral reefs
- M1.4 Shellfish beds and reefs
- M1.5 Photo-limited marine animal forests
- M1.6 Subtidal rocky reefs
- M1.7 Subtidal sand beds
- M1.8 Subtidal mud plains
- M1.9 Upwelling zones
- M2.1 Epipelagic ocean waters
- M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean waters
- M2.3 Bathypelagic ocean waters
- M2.4 Abyssopelagic ocean waters
- M2.5 Sea ice
- M3.1 Continental and island slopes
- M3.2 Marine canyons
- M3.3 Abyssal plains
- M3.4 Seamounts, ridges and plateaus
- M3.5 Deepwater biogenic beds
- M3.6 Hadal trenches and troughs
- M3.7 Chemosynthetically-based ecosystems
- M4.1 Submerged artificial structures
- M4.2 Marine aquafarms
- MT1.1 Rocky shores
- MT1.2 Muddy shores
- MT1.3 Sandy shores
- MT1.4 Boulder and cobble shores
- MT2.1 Coastal shrublands and grasslands
- MT3.1 Artificial shores
- MFT1.1 Coastal river deltas
- MFT1.2 Intertidal forests and shrublands
- MFT1.3 Coastal saltmarshes and reedbeds