f40.sh

#!/bin/bash

# This script will hopefully create a bootable OS with a minimal Fedora install. You should be able to install in virtualbox, on a computer, or on a USB stick. The latter two have been tested and are working on my machine.
#
# DO NOT RUN ON BAREMETAL IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING!!!
# DO NOT RUN THIS AS A SCRIPT (run by pasting line by line to manually to assess errors)
#
# Credit goes to (with several changes and additions made by myself):
# https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqsVb3lvtBg&ab_channel=Stephen%27sTechTalks 
#


# Where to mount whilst installing
mnt=/mnt



# Stop script and bring user to bash if any command fails
exit_trap () {
   local lc="$BASH_COMMAND" rc=$?
   echo "Command [$lc] exited with code [$rc]"
}

trap exit_trap EXIT

set -eEuo pipefail 




###  Find disks to install to and give user a choice  ###

echo -e "\nDrives found:\n"

disks=$(fdisk -l | awk -F' |:' '/Disk \/dev\// { print $2 }')

for i in $disks; do
        size=$(fdisk -l | grep $i | awk -F' |:' '/Disk \/dev\// { print $4 }')
        printf "%s\t\t%sG\n" $i $size
done

disks+=$(echo -e "\nquit")

echo -e "\nEnter number of drive to install to:\n"

select choice in $disks
do
   case $choice in
        quit) echo -e "\nQuitting!"; exit; ;;
        '')   echo -e "\nInvalid option!\n"; ;;
        *)    disk=$choice; echo; break; ;;
    esac
done

read -e -p "Enter the user name you'd like to create (blank will revert to 'user'): " user

if [[ "$user" == "" ]]; then
   user=user
fi


echo -e "\nSetup config:\n\ndisk: $disk\nuser: $user\n"
read -e -p "This drive will be completely written over! Would you like to proceed (y or n)? " proceed

if [[ "$proceed" != [Yy]* ]]; then
   echo -e "\nExiting."
   exit
fi



echo -e "\nInstalling to $disk..."


# We can't mount onto an already mounted drive
if [[ $(mount | grep "on $mnt") ]]; then
   cd /
   echo "Unmounting $mnt..."
   umount -n -R $mnt
fi

if [[ "$(mount | grep $disk)" ]]; then
   cd /
   echo "Unmounting $disk..."
   umount -n -R $disk
fi



# Selinux can cause some problems with the install so deactivate for now
setenforce 0


sed -e 's/\s*\([\+0-9a-zA-Z]*\).*/\1/' << EOF | fdisk $disk
d     # Delete partition

d     # Delete partition

d     # Delete partition

d     # Delete partition

d     # Delete partition

d     # Delete partition

n     # Add a new partition
      # Partition number (Accept default: 1)
      # First sector (Accept default: varies)
+600M # Last sector (Accept default: varies)
Y     # Accept to erase previus filesystem
t     # Type of filesystem
      # Accept default
uefi  # Type of partition (EFI system partition)
n     # Add a new partition
      # Partition number (Accept default: 2)
      # Accept first sector
+1G   # Have last sector be 1Gig
Y     # Accept to erase previus filesystem
t     # Type of filesystem
      # Accept default
linux # Accept default GUID (Linux filesystem)
n     # Add a new partition
      # Partition number (Accept default: 3)
      # First sector (Accept default: varies)
+8G   # Have last sector be 8Gig
Y     # Accept to erase previus filesystem
t     # Type of filesystem
      # Accept default
swap  # Type of partition (swap)
n     # Add a new partition
      # Partition number (Accept default: 4)
      # Accept first sector
      # Accept last sector (Default: remaining space)
Y     # Accept to erase previus filesystem
t     # Type of partition
      # Accept default
linux # Type of partition
p     # Printout partitions
w     # Write the changes
EOF


clear
lsblk

# Add a 'p' to the end of disks starting with 'nvme'. Example, nvme0n1 = nvme0n1p
disk=$(echo $disk | sed -e 's/nvme.*/&p/')

mkfs.fat -F 32 -n SYS $disk'1'
mkfs.ext4 -F -L BOOT $disk'2'
mkswap $disk'3' -L swap
mkfs.btrfs -f -L ROOT $disk'4'

mkdir -p $mnt
mount $disk'4' $mnt

cd $mnt

btrfs subvolume create @
btrfs subvolume create @cache
btrfs subvolume create @log
btrfs subvolume create @vartmp
btrfs subvolume create @snapshots

cd /
umount $mnt

mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@ $disk'4' $mnt

mkdir -p $mnt/{boot,var/{log,cache,tmp},tmp,.snapshots}

mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@log $disk'4' $mnt/var/log
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@cache $disk'4' $mnt/var/cache
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@vartmp $disk'4' $mnt/var/tmp
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@snapshots $disk'4' $mnt/.snapshots

chattr +C $mnt/var/log $mnt/var/cache $mnt/var/tmp

mount $disk'2' $mnt/boot
mkdir -p $mnt/boot/efi

mount $disk'1' $mnt/boot/efi

lsblk


udevadm trigger
mkdir -p $mnt/{proc,sys,dev/pts}
mount -t proc proc $mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs sys $mnt/sys
mount -B /dev $mnt/dev
mount -t devpts pts $mnt/dev/pts



###  Find Release  ###

source /etc/os-release
export VERSION_ID="$VERSION_ID"
env | grep -i version



###  Make dnf faster  ###

DNF_VAR_fastestmirror=1
DNV_VAR_maxparallel_downloads=10




###  Install core system  ###

dnf --installroot=$mnt --releasever=$VERSION_ID groupinstall -y core

[[ -f $mnt/etc/resolv.conf ]] && mv $mnt/etc/resolv.conf $mnt/etc/resolv.conf.org
cp -L /etc/resolv.conf $mnt/etc



###  Generate /etc/fstab  ###

dnf install -y arch-install-scripts
genfstab -U $mnt >> $mnt/etc/fstab

# Using subvolids in fstab will result in error message when creating snapshots
sed -i 's/subvolid=.*,//' $mnt/etc/fstab

# Not needed
sed -i '/zram0/d' $mnt/etc/fstab
sed -i 's/zstd:3/zstd:1/' $mnt/etc/fstab
if [[ ! "$(cat $mnt/etc/fstab | grep /home/$user/.config)" ]]; then
   echo "tmpfs    /home/$user/.cache    tmpfs   rw,nodev,nosuid,uid=$user,size=2G   0 0" > $mnt/etc/fstab
fi
cat $mnt/etc/fstab



# HACK: Needed to pass variables to chroot
echo $disk > $mnt/disk
echo $user > $mnt/username

cat $mnt/disk
cat $mnt/username









#######################################
####            chroot             ####
#######################################



# Starting chroot script:

echo -e "\rEntering chroot!\n"

echo '

echo -e "\rRunning in chroot!\n"

mount -a

disk="$(cat /disk)"
user="$(cat /username)"


# The below command gives me an error. Setup still works though.
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

fixfiles -F onboot



###  Install essential applications  ###

dnf install -y glibc-langpack-en btrfs-progs efi-filesystem efibootmgr fwupd grub2-common grub2-efi-ia32 grub2-efi-x64 grub2-pc grub2-pc-modules grub2-tools grub2-tools-efi grub2-tools-extra grub2-tools-minimal grubby kernel mokutil shim-ia32 shim-x64 util-linux-user

# Barebones to get wireless iwd running
dnf install -y iw iwl* iwd

# Extra wireless applications that might be helpful
#dnf install wpa_supplicant net-tools iw NetworkManager-config-connectivity-fedora iwl*

###  Install extra tool applications ###

dnf install -y vim htop lz4 dhcpcd mksh htop tar
dnf install -y plasma-mobile dolphin kate btrfs-assistant ark pip --exclude=PackageKit

# Remove cruft
dnf remove -y PackageKit plymouth firewalld 



###  Grub  ###
 
rm -rf /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg
rm -rf /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
 
dnf reinstall -y shim-* grub2-efi-* grub2-common
 
ls /boot/efi/EFI/fedora
ls /boot/loader/entries
 
# Create a silent booting system
cat > /etc/default/grub << EOF
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=""
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet nmi_watchdog=0 loglevel=3 systemd.show_status=auto rd.udev.log_level=3"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
#GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=2
GRUB_RECORDFAIL_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
 
# Update grub with:
# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

EOF
 
efibootmgr
efibootmgr -c -d $disk -p 1 -L "Fedora (Custom)" -l \\EFI\\FEDORA\\SHIMX64.EFI
 
UUID_ROOT=$(blkid | grep $disk"4" | grep -o -P "(?<=UUID=\").*(?=\" UUID_SUB)")
grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="resume=UUID=$UUID_ROOT"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg



###  Configure users  ###

# Default root password is: 123456
echo 123456 | passwd root --stdin

useradd -m $user -p 123456
usermod -aG wheel $user



###  Environment stuff  ###

# Use to check current locale:
#locale -a

LANG=en_US.UTF-8
echo $LANG > /etc/locale.conf

KEYMAP=us
touch /etc/vconsole.conf
sed -i "s/KEYMAP=.*/KEYMAP=$KEYMAP/" /etc/vconsole.conf

TIMEZONE=America/Toronto
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIMEZONE /etc/localtime

# An alternative to the above
#systemd-firstboot --prompt



###  Shell (change to mksh)  ###

cat >> /root/.mkshrc << EOF
HISTFILE=/root/.mksh_history
HISTSIZE=5000
export VISUAL="emacs"
export EDITOR="/usr/bin/vi"
set -o emacs
EOF

chsh -s /bin/mksh                                # root shell
echo 123456 | sudo -u user chsh -s /bin/mksh     # user shell



###  Silent boot  ###

mkdir -p /etc/sysctl.d
echo "kernel.printk = 3 3 3 3" > /etc/sysctl.d/20-quiet-printk.conf
echo "kernel.nmi_watchdog=0" > /etc/sysctl.d/99-nowatchdog.conf
sudo sysctl -p



###  iwd  ###

mkdir -p /etc/iwd
touch /etc/iwd/main.conf
cat > /etc/iwd/main.conf << EOF

[General]
EnableNetworkConfiguration=true
EOF

echo "Enabling iwd service..."
systemctl enable iwd.service



###  Autologin  ####

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d
cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/autologin.conf << EOF
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --skip-login --nonewline --noissue --autologin $user --noclear %I 38400 linux
EOF



###  visudo  ***

mkdir -p /etc/sudoers.d
echo "$user ALL=(ALL)  NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/btrfs-assistant" > /etc/sudoers.d/nopasswd

echo "Defaults editor=/usr/bin/vi" > /etc/sudoers.d/editor

# If needed
#echo "#includedir /etc/sudoers.d" | sudo EDITOR="tee -a" visudo    # if needed




###  user stuff  ###
 
 
su $user

mkdir -p ~/.config ~/.local/share/{bin,applications,konsole}

touch ~/.hushlogin     # makes login silent

cat > ~/.mkshrc << EOF
HISTFILE=/home/$USER/.mksh_history
HISTSIZE=5000
export VISUAL="emacs"
export EDITOR="/usr/bin/vi"
set -o emacs
EOF



###  Setup konsole profiles  ###

cat > ~/.local/share/konsole/epy.profile << EOF
[Appearance]
ColorScheme=WhiteOnBlack
Font=Noto Sans Mono,24,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
 
[General]
Name=epy
Parent=FALLBACK/
 
[Scrolling]
ScrollBarPosition=2
EOF
 
cat > ~/.local/share/konsole/user.profile << EOF
[Appearance]
ColorScheme=WhiteOnBlack
Font=Noto Sans Mono,14,-1,5,50,0,0,0,0,0
 
[General]
Name=user
Parent=FALLBACK/
EOF


 
###  Epy reader  ###

pip3 install epy-reader



###  Create .desktop files  ###

cat > ~/.local/share/applications/btrfs-assistant.desktop << EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Btrfs Assistant
Comment=Change system settings
Exec=sudo /usr/bin/btrfs-assistant
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=btrfs-assistant
Categories=System
NoDisplay=false
EOF

cat > ~/.local/share/applications/epy.desktop << EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Categories=System
Comment=Read ebooks
Exec=konsole --profile epy -e "epy %u"
Icon=audiobook
Name=Epy
NoDisplay=false
Path=
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false
TerminalOptions=
Type=Application
X-KDE-SubstituteUID=false
X-KDE-Username=
EOF

 

###  flatpaks script (will not work in chroot)  ###
 
cat > ~/.local/bin/flatpack-install.sh << EOF
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak install flathub org.mozilla.firefox
flatpak install flathub rocks.koreader.KOReader
 
# If you run into issues this might help
#flatpak uninstall --unused
EOF
chmod +x ~/.local/bin/flatpack-install.sh
 


###  Setup iwd script  ###

cat > ~/.local/bin/setup-iwd.sh << EOF 
#!/bin/bash
 
echo "This script should only need to be run once."
iwctl --passphrase 13FDC4A93E3C station wlan0 connect BELL364
EOF
chmod +x ~/.local/bin/setup-iwd.sh



cat > ~/.profile << EOF
# If running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
        . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi
 
PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
 
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi
export ENV="/home/$USER/.mkshrc"
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland
export QT_IM_MODULE=Maliit
export MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=1
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/tmp/runtime-user
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/$USER/1000
export RUNLEVEL=3
export QT_LOGGING_RULES="*=false"

EOF



###  Automaximize windows and remove title bar in KDE  ###

cat > ~/.config/kwinrulesrc << EOF
[$Version]
update_info=kwinrules.upd:replace-placement-string-to-enum,kwinrules.upd:use-virtual-desktop-ids

[1]
Description=Windows
maximizehoriz=true
maximizehorizrule=3
maximizevert=true
maximizevertrule=3
noborder=true
noborderrule=3
types=1

[General]
count=1
rules=1
EOF





echo -e "\rExiting chroot!\n"' | chroot $mnt /bin/bash










##################################################
####              Setup scripts               ####
##################################################



# Auto run in tty 1

echo '

if [[ ! ${DISPLAY} && ${XDG_VTNR} == 1 ]]; then
    startplasmamobile
fi' > $mnt/home/$user/.profile



#sed -i 's/    "MouseSupport": false,/    "MouseSupport": true,/g' ~/.config/epy/configuration.json








###  snapper  ###

echo '# Snapper root config needs to be deleted and recreated to work

mount /.snapshots
rm -rf /.snapshots
snapper create-config /
 
if [[ $(snapper list | awk "/Setup complete/") == "" ]]; then
   snapper -c root create --description "Setup complete"
fi
  
# Automate snapper and btrfs services  ###
systemctl enable snapper-timeline.timer
systemctl enable snapper-cleanup.timer
systemctl enable snapper-boot.timer
 
systemctl enable btrfs-balance.timer
systemctl enable btrfs-scrub.timer
systemctl enable btrfs-trim.timer
 
# Have snapper take a snapshot every 20 mins (default is every 1hr)
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapper-timeline.timer.d/
cat > /etc/systemd/system/snapper-timeline.timer.d/frequency.conf << EOF
[Timer]
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=*:0/20
EOF

echo "To edit snapper config, run: vi /etc/snapper/configs/root"
' > $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/snapper.sh
chmod +x $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/snapper.sh


 
###  Create a post install script ###
 
echo '#/bin/bash
 
# Automatic date and time sync
sudo timedatectl set-ntp yes

# Get rid of cruft
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service bluetooth.service firewalld ModemManager.service NetworkManager.service

#chattr +C /home/user/.cache

' > $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/post-install.sh
chmod +x $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/post-install.sh



###  Tweak kernel  ###
 
cat > $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/post-install.sh << EOF
sudo mkdir -p /etc/dracut.conf.d
sudo echo 'add_dracutmodules+=" resume "' >> /etc/dracut.conf.d/99-resume.conf
sudo echo 'hostonly="yes"' >> /etc/dracut.conf.d/99-hostonly.conf
sudo echo 'compress="lz4"' >> /etc/dracut.conf.d/99-compress.conf
sudo dracut -f
EOF
chmod +x $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/post-install.sh



###  Create chroot script incase you need it later  ###
 
echo '#!/bin/bash

fdisk -l

echo

read -e -p "Enter disk to chroot into: " disk 
disk=$(echo $disk | sed -e "s/nvme.*/&p/")
echo "Disk: $disk"

cd /
umount /mnt

mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@ $disk"4" /mnt
 
#mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,var/{log,cache,tmp},tmp,home/user/.cache,.snapshots}
 
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@log $disk"4" /mnt/var/log
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@cache $disk"4" /mnt/var/cache
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@vartmp $disk"4" /mnt/var/tmp
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@tmp $disk"4" /mnt/tmp
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@homecache $disk"4" /mnt/home/user/.cache
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=@snapshots $disk"4" /mnt/.snapshots
 
chattr +C /mnt/var/log /mnt/var/cache /mnt/var/tmp /mnt/tmp /mnt/home/user/.cache
 
chown -R user:user /mnt/home/user
 
mount $disk"2" /mnt/boot
#mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
 
mount $disk"1" /mnt/boot/efi
 
udevadm trigger
#mkdir -p /mnt/{proc,sys,dev/pts}
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys
mount -B /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts pts /mnt/dev/pts
 
 
###  Find Release  ###
 
source /etc/os-release
export VERSION_ID="$VERSION_ID"
 
env | grep -i version
  
mv /mnt/etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf.org
cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc
  
 
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"     # So we know when we are in chroot
 
 
mount -a
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
 
 
 
###  DO STUFF!!!  ###
 
echo "You are now in chroot. Type exit to return to regular shell."
 
bash
 
echo "You have exited from chroot and are now in a regular shell."
 
 
umount -n -R /mnt
' > $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/chroot.sh
chmod +x $mnt/home/$user/.local/bin/chroot.sh 



 
umount -n -R $mnt

sync
 
echo "Reboot to test system!"