There are a number of different buckets and metrics. The reference documentation does a great job describing the various parameters and how they affect the component. Instead of re-describing them here, we are simply going to link to the reference docs and provide a brief description. Skim the list so that you know what is available, and check the reference docs when you need exact parameters.
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-global-aggregation.html[Global]: includes all documents in your index
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-filter-aggregation.html[Filter]: only includes documents that match the filter
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-missing-aggregation.html[Missing]: all documents which do not have a particular field
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-terms-aggregation.html[Terms]: generates a new bucket for each unique term
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-range-aggregation.html[Range]: creates arbitrary ranges which documents fall into
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-daterange-aggregation.html[Date Range]: similar to Range, but calendar aware
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-iprange-aggregation.html[IPV4 Range]: similar to Range, but can handle "IP logic" like CIDR masks, etc
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-geodistance-aggregation.html[Geo Distance]: similar to Range, but operates on geo points
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-histogram-aggregation.html[Histogram]: equal-width, dynamic ranges
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-datehistogram-aggregation.html[Date Histogram]: similar to Histogram, but calendar aware
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-nested-aggregation.html[Nested]: a special bucket for working with nested documents (see [nested-aggregation])
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-geohashgrid-aggregation.html[Geohash Grid]: partitions documents according to what geohash grid they fall into (see [geohash-grid-agg])
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-top-hits-aggregation.html[TopHits]: Return the top search results grouped by the value of a field (see [top-hits])
-
Individual statistics: {ref}search-aggregations-metrics-min-aggregation.html[Min], {ref}search-aggregations-metrics-max-aggregation.html[Max], {ref}search-aggregations-metrics-avg-aggregation.html[Avg], {ref}search-aggregations-metrics-sum-aggregation.html[Sum]
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-stats-aggregation.html[Stats]: calculates min/mean/max/sum/count of documents in bucket
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-extendedstats-aggregation.html[Extended Stats]: Same as stats, except it also includes variance, std deviation, sum of squares
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-valuecount-aggregation.html[Value Count]: calculates the number of values, which may be different from the number of documents (e.g. multi-valued fields)
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-cardinality-aggregation.html[Cardinality]: calculates number of distinct/unique values (see [cardinality])
-
{ref}search-aggregations-metrics-percentile-aggregation.html[Percentiles]: calculates percentiles/quantiles for numeric values in a bucket (see [percentiles])
-
{ref}search-aggregations-bucket-significantterms-aggregation.html[Significant Terms]: finds "uncommonly common" terms (see [significant-terms])