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INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS AS OF 2017-08:

Linux installation is a little bit involved, and these instructions are subject to stop working at any time, and may vary based on your distro. That's how Linux is.

Put the dvficstm file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/, or your distro's equivalent of this folder. This is the folder for X.org XKB keyboard layouts. To make it appear in Gnome's (and probably every other DE's) keyboard layout list, you'll have to create an entry for it in /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/evdev.xml (again, varies distro by distro). Open evdev.xml (back it up first), search for </layoutList>, and insert the following between the last </layout> tag and </layoutList>:

<layout>
  <configItem>
    <name>dvficstm</name>
    <shortDescription>fi</shortDescription>
    <description>Finnish Custom Dvorak keyboard</description>
    <languageList>
      <iso639Id>fin</iso639Id>
    </languageList>
  </configItem>
  <variantList/>
</layout>

Save evdev.xml and reboot (or restart X.org). If things went right, you should now see the layout in the keyboard layout options GUI. Note that there's also a base.xml that seems to, at least on Fedora, contain the exact same list. You may want to add the new keymap there as well. I have no idea what it does, though.

Extended guide for this can be found here: http://people.uleth.ca/~daniel.odonnell/Blog/custom-keyboard-in-linuxx11

If you want to use this in the virtual console (you know, the scary thing that opens when you press ctrl-alt-F2 or some other function key, these fuckers go all the way up to F7), you'll have to convert the XKB file to a KBD file using ckbcomp, available in the console-setup package on Fedora and Debian(?). I've already included a compiled KBD version of the keymap, though, so you only have to do this if you change something yourself.

With the dvficstm file in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/, run:

ckbcomp dvficstm dvficstm | gzip > dvficstm.map.gz

This should produce a KBD keymap file in your current directory.

Move that to the appropriate KBD keymaps folder, which on Fedora is /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/xkb/ but will vary by distro. Then you can load the layout using loadkeys dvficstm or whatever. On Fedora I used localectl set-keymap dvficstm, but that's probably some systemd heresy.