diff --git a/ast/b64_amd64.go b/ast/b64_amd64.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b62ec52b3..000000000
--- a/ast/b64_amd64.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// +build amd64,go1.17
-
-/**
- * Copyright 2023 ByteDance Inc.
- * 
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package ast 
-
-import (
-    `github.com/cloudwego/base64x`
-)
-
-func decodeBase64(src string) ([]byte, error) {
-    return base64x.StdEncoding.DecodeString(src)
-}
-
-func encodeBase64(src []byte) string {
-    return base64x.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(src)
-}
diff --git a/ast/b64_compat.go b/ast/b64_compat.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a7f84cfa3..000000000
--- a/ast/b64_compat.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// +build !amd64 !go1.17
-
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 ByteDance Inc.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package ast
-
-import (
-    `encoding/base64`
-)
-
-func decodeBase64(src string) ([]byte, error) {
-    return base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(src)
-}
-
-func encodeBase64(src []byte) string {
-    return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(src)
-}
diff --git a/ast/encode.go b/ast/encode.go
index 956809c2c..b5bcd4c2d 100644
--- a/ast/encode.go
+++ b/ast/encode.go
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 package ast
 
 import (
-    `sync`
-    `unicode/utf8`
+	"sync"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/bytedance/sonic/internal/rt"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ func quoteString(e *[]byte, s string) {
     start := 0
     for i := 0; i < len(s); {
         if b := s[i]; b < utf8.RuneSelf {
-            if safeSet[b] {
+            if rt.SafeSet[b] {
                 i++
                 continue
             }
@@ -54,8 +56,8 @@ func quoteString(e *[]byte, s string) {
                 // user-controlled strings are rendered into JSON
                 // and served to some browsers.
                 *e = append(*e, `u00`...)
-                *e = append(*e, hex[b>>4])
-                *e = append(*e, hex[b&0xF])
+                *e = append(*e, rt.Hex[b>>4])
+                *e = append(*e, rt.Hex[b&0xF])
             }
             i++
             start = i
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ func quoteString(e *[]byte, s string) {
                 *e = append(*e, s[start:i]...)
             }
             *e = append(*e, `\u202`...)
-            *e = append(*e, hex[c&0xF])
+            *e = append(*e, rt.Hex[c&0xF])
             i += size
             start = i
             continue
diff --git a/ast/node.go b/ast/node.go
index ac6d22808..1a77a1fa1 100644
--- a/ast/node.go
+++ b/ast/node.go
@@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ func NewBytes(src []byte) Node {
     if len(src) == 0 {
         panic("empty src bytes")
     }
-    out := encodeBase64(src)
+    out := rt.EncodeBase64(src)
     return NewString(out)
 }
 
diff --git a/ast/stubs.go b/ast/stubs.go
index ae08f33d6..89bdb6750 100644
--- a/ast/stubs.go
+++ b/ast/stubs.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package ast
 
 import (
     `unsafe`
-    `unicode/utf8`
 
     `github.com/bytedance/sonic/internal/rt`
 )
@@ -37,13 +36,5 @@ func mem2ptr(s []byte) unsafe.Pointer {
     return (*rt.GoSlice)(unsafe.Pointer(&s)).Ptr
 }
 
-var (
-    //go:linkname safeSet encoding/json.safeSet
-    safeSet [utf8.RuneSelf]bool
-
-    //go:linkname hex encoding/json.hex
-    hex string
-)
-
 //go:linkname unquoteBytes encoding/json.unquoteBytes
 func unquoteBytes(s []byte) (t []byte, ok bool)
diff --git a/internal/decoder/optdec/node.go b/internal/decoder/optdec/node.go
index 8b29e03cc..d55c2eaa7 100644
--- a/internal/decoder/optdec/node.go
+++ b/internal/decoder/optdec/node.go
@@ -967,11 +967,7 @@ func AsEfaceFast(iter *NodeIter, ctx *Context) interface{} {
 			val = sp
 			goto _arr_val;
 		} else {
-			ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.GoSlice{
-				Ptr: rt.ZSTPtr,
-				Len: 0,
-				Cap: 0,
-			}, rt.SliceEfaceType, unsafe.Pointer(&root))
+			ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.EmptySlice, rt.SliceEfaceType, unsafe.Pointer(&root))
 		}
 	case KStringCommon: 	ctx.efacePool.ConvTstring(node.StringRef(ctx), unsafe.Pointer(&root))
 	case KStringEscaped:	ctx.efacePool.ConvTstring(node.StringCopyEsc(ctx), unsafe.Pointer(&root))  
@@ -993,9 +989,8 @@ _object_key:
 	} else {
 		key = node.StringCopyEsc(ctx)
 	}
-	// interface{} slot in map bucket
 
-	//println("key is **", key, "** mp is ", mp)
+	// interface{} slot in map bucket
 	val = rt.Mapassign_faststr(rt.MapEfaceMapType, mp, key)
 	vt = &(*rt.GoEface)(val).Type
 	vp = &(*rt.GoEface)(val).Value
@@ -1021,11 +1016,7 @@ _object_key:
 		case KArray:
 			newSize := node.Array().Len()
 			if newSize == 0 {
-				ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.GoSlice{
-					Ptr: rt.ZSTPtr,
-					Len: 0,
-					Cap: 0,
-				}, rt.SliceEfaceType, val)
+				ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.EmptySlice, rt.SliceEfaceType, val)
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -1124,11 +1115,7 @@ _arr_val:
 		case KArray:
 			newSize := node.Array().Len()
 			if newSize == 0 {
-				ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.GoSlice{
-					Ptr: rt.ZSTPtr,
-					Len: newSize,
-					Cap: newSize,
-				}, rt.SliceEfaceType, val)
+				ctx.efacePool.ConvTSlice(rt.EmptySlice, rt.SliceEfaceType, val)
 				break;
 			}
 			
diff --git a/internal/decoder/optdec/options.go b/internal/decoder/optdec/options.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 416af1d29..000000000
--- a/internal/decoder/optdec/options.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-package optdec
-
-// type Options uint64
-
-// const (
-// 	OptionUseInt64         Options = 1 << _F_use_int64       // 1
-// 	OptionUseNumber        Options = 1 << _F_use_number      // 2
-// 	OptionUseUnicodeErrors Options = 1 << _F_disable_urc     // 4
-// 	OptionDisableUnknown   Options = 1 << _F_disable_unknown // 8
-// 	OptionCopyString       Options = 1 << _F_copy_string     // 16
-// 	OptionValidateString   Options = 1 << _F_validate_string // 32
-// )
-
-// func (self *Decoder) SetOptions(opts Options) {
-// 	if (opts&OptionUseNumber != 0) && (opts&OptionUseInt64 != 0) {
-// 		panic("can't set OptionUseInt64 and OptionUseNumber both!")
-// 	}
-// 	self.opts = opts
-// }
-
-// // UseInt64 indicates the Decoder to unmarshal an integer into an interface{} as an
-// // int64 instead of as a float64.
-// func (self *Decoder) UseInt64() {
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_use_int64
-// 	self.opts &^= 1 << _F_use_number
-// }
-
-// // UseNumber indicates the Decoder to unmarshal a number into an interface{} as a
-// // json.Number instead of as a float64.
-// func (self *Decoder) UseNumber() {
-// 	self.opts &^= 1 << _F_use_int64
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_use_number
-// }
-
-// // UseUnicodeErrors indicates the Decoder to return an error when encounter invalid
-// // UTF-8 escape sequences.
-// func (self *Decoder) UseUnicodeErrors() {
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_disable_urc
-// }
-
-// // DisallowUnknownFields indicates the Decoder to return an error when the destination
-// // is a struct and the input contains object keys which do not match any
-// // non-ignored, exported fields in the destination.
-// func (self *Decoder) DisallowUnknownFields() {
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_disable_unknown
-// }
-
-// // CopyString indicates the Decoder to decode string values by copying instead of referring.
-// func (self *Decoder) CopyString() {
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_copy_string
-// }
-
-// // ValidateString causes the Decoder to validate string values when decoding string value
-// // in JSON. Validation is that, returning error when unescaped control chars(0x00-0x1f) or
-// // invalid UTF-8 chars in the string value of JSON.
-// func (self *Decoder) ValidateString() {
-// 	self.opts |= 1 << _F_validate_string
-// }
diff --git a/internal/encoder/alg/spec_compat.go b/internal/encoder/alg/spec_compat.go
index aba6331f4..5bb7b042e 100644
--- a/internal/encoder/alg/spec_compat.go
+++ b/internal/encoder/alg/spec_compat.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func Quote(e []byte, s string, double bool) []byte {
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
 		if b := s[i]; b < utf8.RuneSelf {
-			if safeSet[b] {
+			if rt.SafeSet[b] {
 				i++
 				continue
 			}
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ func Quote(e []byte, s string, double bool) []byte {
 				// user-controlled strings are rendered into JSON
 				// and served to some browsers.
 				e = append(e, `u00`...)
-				e = append(e, hex[b>>4])
-				e = append(e, hex[b&0xF])
+				e = append(e, rt.Hex[b>>4])
+				e = append(e, rt.Hex[b&0xF])
 			}
 			i++
 			start = i
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func Quote(e []byte, s string, double bool) []byte {
 				e = append(e, s[start:i]...)
 			}
 			e = append(e, `\u202`...)
-			e = append(e, hex[c&0xF])
+			e = append(e, rt.Hex[c&0xF])
 			i += size
 			start = i
 			continue
@@ -121,14 +121,6 @@ func Quote(e []byte, s string, double bool) []byte {
 	}
 }
 
-var (
-	//go:linkname safeSet encoding/json.safeSet
-	safeSet [utf8.RuneSelf]bool
-
-	//go:linkname hex encoding/json.hex
-	hex string
-)
-
 func HtmlEscape(dst []byte, src []byte) []byte {
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(dst)
 	json.HTMLEscape(buf, src)
diff --git a/internal/rt/asm_amd64.s b/internal/rt/asm_amd64.s
index 8250e38d3..86d264230 100644
--- a/internal/rt/asm_amd64.s
+++ b/internal/rt/asm_amd64.s
@@ -18,43 +18,3 @@ _entry:
 _stack_grow:
     CALL runtime·morestack_noctxt<>(SB)
     JMP  _entry
-
-
-TEXT ·StopProf(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-0
-    NO_LOCAL_POINTERS
-    CMPB github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·StopProfiling(SB), $0
-    JEQ  _ret_1
-    MOVL $1, AX
-    LEAQ github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·yieldCount(SB), CX
-    LOCK
-    XADDL AX, (CX)
-    MOVL runtime·prof+4(SB), AX
-    TESTL AX, AX
-    JEQ _ret_1
-    MOVL AX, github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·oldHz(SB)
-    MOVL $0, runtime·prof+4(SB)
-_ret_1:
-    RET
-
-
-TEXT ·StartProf(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-0
-    NO_LOCAL_POINTERS
-    CMPB github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·StopProfiling(SB), $0
-    JEQ  _ret_2
-    MOVL $-1, AX
-    LEAQ github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·yieldCount(SB), CX
-    LOCK
-    XADDL AX, (CX)
-    CMPL github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·yieldCount(SB), $0
-    JNE _ret_2
-    CMPL runtime·prof+4(SB), $0
-    JNE _ret_2
-    CMPL github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·oldHz(SB), $0
-    JNE _branch_1
-    MOVL $100, github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·oldHz(SB)
-_branch_1:
-    MOVL github·com∕bytedance∕sonic∕internal∕rt·oldHz(SB), AX
-    MOVL AX, runtime·prof+4(SB)
-_ret_2:
-    RET
-    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/internal/rt/base64_amd64.go b/internal/rt/base64_amd64.go
index 69b31bada..cbbe346f5 100644
--- a/internal/rt/base64_amd64.go
+++ b/internal/rt/base64_amd64.go
@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ func DecodeBase64(raw []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	return ret[:n], nil
 }
+
+func EncodeBase64(src []byte) string {
+    return base64x.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(src)
+}
diff --git a/internal/rt/base64_compat.go b/internal/rt/base64_compat.go
index f3518861f..5d5c10cdb 100644
--- a/internal/rt/base64_compat.go
+++ b/internal/rt/base64_compat.go
@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ func DecodeBase64(raw []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	return ret[:n], nil
 }
+
+func EncodeBase64(src []byte) string {
+    return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(src)
+}
diff --git a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go116.go b/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go116.go
index a2961f067..2c60e164c 100644
--- a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go116.go
+++ b/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go116.go
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"
 )
 
-//go:linkname roundupsize  runtime.roundupsize
-func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr
 
 //go:linkname makeslice runtime.makeslice
 //goland:noinspection GoUnusedParameter
@@ -16,11 +14,7 @@ func makeslice(et *GoType, len int, cap int) unsafe.Pointer
 
 func MakeSlice(oldPtr unsafe.Pointer, et *GoType, newLen int) *GoSlice {
 	if newLen == 0 {
-		return &GoSlice{
-			Ptr: ZSTPtr,
-			Len: 0,
-			Cap: 0,
-		}
+		return &EmptySlice
 	}
 
 	if *(*unsafe.Pointer)(oldPtr) == nil {
diff --git a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go120.go b/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go120.go
index ddde46bf6..735be152d 100644
--- a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go120.go
+++ b/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go120.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//go:build go1.20 && !go1.22
-// +build go1.20,!go1.22
+//go:build go1.20 && !go1.23
+// +build go1.20,!go1.23
 
 package rt
 
@@ -7,20 +7,13 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"
 )
 
-//go:linkname roundupsize  runtime.roundupsize
-func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr
-
 //go:linkname makeslice runtime.makeslice
 //goland:noinspection GoUnusedParameter
 func makeslice(et *GoType, len int, cap int) unsafe.Pointer
 
 func MakeSlice(oldPtr unsafe.Pointer, et *GoType, newLen int) *GoSlice {
 	if newLen == 0 {
-		return &GoSlice{
-			Ptr: ZSTPtr,
-			Len: 0,
-			Cap: 0,
-		}
+		return &EmptySlice
 	}
 
 	if *(*unsafe.Pointer)(oldPtr) == nil {
diff --git a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go123.go b/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go123.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 91eb2844d..000000000
--- a/internal/rt/rt_stubs_go123.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.22 && !go1.23
-// +build go1.22,!go1.23
-
-package rt
-
-import (
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-//go:linkname rt_roundupsize  runtime.roundupsize
-func rt_roundupsize(size uintptr, noscan bool) uintptr
-
-// a wrapper for fastmap
-func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr {
-	return rt_roundupsize(size, MapType(MapEfaceType).Bucket.PtrData == 0)
-}
-
-//go:linkname makeslice runtime.makeslice
-//goland:noinspection GoUnusedParameter
-func makeslice(et *GoType, len int, cap int) unsafe.Pointer
-
-func MakeSlice(oldPtr unsafe.Pointer, et *GoType, newLen int) *GoSlice {
-	if newLen == 0 {
-		return &GoSlice{
-			Ptr: ZSTPtr,
-			Len: 0,
-			Cap: 0,
-		}
-	}
-
-	if *(*unsafe.Pointer)(oldPtr) == nil {
-		return &GoSlice{
-			Ptr: makeslice(et, newLen, newLen),
-			Len: newLen,
-			Cap: newLen,
-		}
-	}
-
-	old := (*GoSlice)(oldPtr)
-	if old.Cap >= newLen {
-		old.Len = newLen
-		return old
-	}
-
-	new := GrowSlice(et, *old, newLen-old.Len)
-	new.Len = newLen
-	return &new
-}
diff --git a/internal/rt/stubs.go b/internal/rt/stubs.go
index 5cb3b18f9..36e9a808e 100644
--- a/internal/rt/stubs.go
+++ b/internal/rt/stubs.go
@@ -124,3 +124,6 @@ func GetMap64Assign(vt reflect.Type) Map64Assign {
 	}
 }
 
+
+var emptyBytes = make([]byte, 0, 0)
+var EmptySlice = *(*GoSlice)(unsafe.Pointer(&emptyBytes))
diff --git a/internal/rt/table.go b/internal/rt/table.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d49f90e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/rt/table.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2024 CloudWeGo Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package rt
+
+import "unicode/utf8"
+
+var SafeSet = [utf8.RuneSelf]bool{
+	' ':      true,
+	'!':      true,
+	'"':      false,
+	'#':      true,
+	'$':      true,
+	'%':      true,
+	'&':      true,
+	'\'':     true,
+	'(':      true,
+	')':      true,
+	'*':      true,
+	'+':      true,
+	',':      true,
+	'-':      true,
+	'.':      true,
+	'/':      true,
+	'0':      true,
+	'1':      true,
+	'2':      true,
+	'3':      true,
+	'4':      true,
+	'5':      true,
+	'6':      true,
+	'7':      true,
+	'8':      true,
+	'9':      true,
+	':':      true,
+	';':      true,
+	'<':      true,
+	'=':      true,
+	'>':      true,
+	'?':      true,
+	'@':      true,
+	'A':      true,
+	'B':      true,
+	'C':      true,
+	'D':      true,
+	'E':      true,
+	'F':      true,
+	'G':      true,
+	'H':      true,
+	'I':      true,
+	'J':      true,
+	'K':      true,
+	'L':      true,
+	'M':      true,
+	'N':      true,
+	'O':      true,
+	'P':      true,
+	'Q':      true,
+	'R':      true,
+	'S':      true,
+	'T':      true,
+	'U':      true,
+	'V':      true,
+	'W':      true,
+	'X':      true,
+	'Y':      true,
+	'Z':      true,
+	'[':      true,
+	'\\':     false,
+	']':      true,
+	'^':      true,
+	'_':      true,
+	'`':      true,
+	'a':      true,
+	'b':      true,
+	'c':      true,
+	'd':      true,
+	'e':      true,
+	'f':      true,
+	'g':      true,
+	'h':      true,
+	'i':      true,
+	'j':      true,
+	'k':      true,
+	'l':      true,
+	'm':      true,
+	'n':      true,
+	'o':      true,
+	'p':      true,
+	'q':      true,
+	'r':      true,
+	's':      true,
+	't':      true,
+	'u':      true,
+	'v':      true,
+	'w':      true,
+	'x':      true,
+	'y':      true,
+	'z':      true,
+	'{':      true,
+	'|':      true,
+	'}':      true,
+	'~':      true,
+	'\u007f': true,
+}
+
+var Hex = "0123456789abcdef"
diff --git a/internal/rt/types.go b/internal/rt/types.go
index 7574f7d89..2c9aaa583 100644
--- a/internal/rt/types.go
+++ b/internal/rt/types.go
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ func AsGoType(t uintptr) *GoType {
 	return (*GoType)(unsafe.Pointer(t))
 }
 
-//go:linkname zerobase runtime.zerobase
-var zerobase uintptr
-
 var (
 	BoolType				= UnpackType(reflect.TypeOf(false))
 	ByteType                = UnpackType(reflect.TypeOf(byte(0)))
@@ -45,6 +42,4 @@ var (
 	MapStringType    		= UnpackType(reflect.TypeOf(map[string]string(nil)))
 
 	MapEfaceMapType    		= MapType(UnpackType(reflect.TypeOf(map[string]interface{}(nil))))
-
-	ZSTPtr    = unsafe.Pointer(&zerobase)
 )
diff --git a/tools/asm2asm b/tools/asm2asm
index 8510d6cb2..7551cd410 160000
--- a/tools/asm2asm
+++ b/tools/asm2asm
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 8510d6cb224813b7b72c5ac5e971a41163775e5f
+Subproject commit 7551cd4109d65d83475ccf98ac3a6844c774e44f