From 709d0fac7ca974c030ac4dd2e33169dc3544e326 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 06:42:07 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Intermediate Representation functions added and are now
 default. Will only try fast track with inputs less than FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD
 number of bits, currently 24.

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 358 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 347 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index f41315a257..1e64b0f39d 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 //use std::env;
 use argh::FromArgs;
+// use core::num;
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+use num_bigint::BigUint;
+// use num_traits::sign;
+use num_traits::Num;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::read_to_string;
@@ -7,9 +12,17 @@ use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::stdout;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::str::FromStr;
-
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
+// Threshold for using fast-track functions
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24; // Example threshold value, adjust as needed
+
+struct IntermediateRepresentation {
+    sign: bool,
+    mantissa: BigUint,
+    exponent: i32,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct ParseNumTypeError;
 
@@ -80,6 +93,7 @@ struct Arguments {
     /// optional for fixed_to_binary using bit slicing. If choosen, will use bit slicing.
     #[argh(switch, short = 'b')]
     bits: bool,
+    // optional switch for
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -128,44 +142,108 @@ fn convert(
     match (convert_from, convert_to) {
         (NumType::Hex, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                    hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                } else {
+                    intermediate_to_binary(
+                        hex_to_intermediate(line),
+                        &mut converted,
+                    )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                }
             }
         }
         (NumType::Float, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                    float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                } else {
+                    intermediate_to_binary(
+                        float_to_intermediate(line),
+                        &mut converted,
+                    )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                }
             }
         }
         (NumType::Fixed, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
+                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                    fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                } else {
+                    intermediate_to_binary(
+                        fixed_to_intermediate(line, exponent),
+                        &mut converted,
+                    )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                }
             }
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Hex) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
-                    .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
+                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                    binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
+                } else {
+                    intermediate_to_hex(
+                        binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                        &mut converted,
+                    )
+                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                }
             }
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Float) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
-                    .expect("Failed to write float to file");
+                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                    binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write float to file");
+                } else {
+                    intermediate_to_float(
+                        binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                        &mut converted,
+                    )
+                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                }
             }
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Fixed) => {
             if !bits {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
-                        .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
+                    if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap()
+                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32
+                    {
+                        binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
+                            .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
+                    } else {
+                        intermediate_to_fixed(
+                            binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                            &mut converted,
+                        )
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(line, &mut converted, exponent)
+                    if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap()
+                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32
+                    {
+                        binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
+                            line,
+                            &mut converted,
+                            exponent,
+                        )
                         .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
+                    } else {
+                        intermediate_to_fixed(
+                            binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                            &mut converted,
+                        )
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -549,3 +627,261 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let bit_width = binary_string.len();
+
+    let sign = binary_string.chars().next() == Some('0');
+
+    let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+        .expect("Invalid binary string");
+
+    let mantissa = if sign {
+        binary_value
+    } else {
+        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
+        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u32) << bit_width;
+        &max_value - &binary_value
+    };
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa,
+        exponent: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+fn intermediate_to_binary(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let inter_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
+    } else {
+        -BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
+    };
+
+    let binary_str = inter_value.to_str_radix(2);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send {
+        file.write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        std::io::stdout().write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        std::io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let sign = !float_string.starts_with("-");
+    let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches("-");
+
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = float_trimmed.split('.').collect();
+    let integer_part = parts[0];
+    let fractional_part = if parts.len() > 1 { parts[1] } else { "0" };
+    // Prob not the best way to do this
+    let mantissa_string = format!("{integer_part}{fractional_part}");
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
+        exponent: -(fractional_part.len() as i32),
+    }
+}
+
+fn intermediate_to_float(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let mut mantissa_str = inter_rep.mantissa.to_string();
+
+    // Determine the position to insert the decimal point
+    let mut decimal_pos = mantissa_str.len() as i32 - inter_rep.exponent;
+
+    // Handle cases where the decimal position is before the first digit
+    if decimal_pos <= 0 {
+        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-decimal_pos as usize);
+        mantissa_str = format!("{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str);
+        decimal_pos = 1; // Decimal point will be at the first digit position
+    }
+
+    // Convert to &str for split_at
+    let mantissa_str = mantissa_str.as_str();
+
+    // Insert the decimal point
+    let decimal_position = decimal_pos as usize;
+    let (integer_part, fractional_part) = if decimal_position > 0 {
+        mantissa_str.split_at(decimal_position)
+    } else {
+        ("0", mantissa_str)
+    };
+
+    let result = if inter_rep.sign {
+        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    } else {
+        format!("-{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    };
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write string to the file
+        file.write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn fixed_to_intermediate(
+    fixed_string: &str,
+    exp_int: i32,
+) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with("-");
+    let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches("-");
+
+    let mantissa_string = &format!("{fixed_trimmed}");
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
+        exponent: exp_int,
+    }
+}
+
+fn intermediate_to_fixed(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Negate exp
+    let neg_exponent = -inter_rep.exponent;
+
+    // 10^-exp
+    let scale_factor = BigInt::from(10).pow(neg_exponent as u32);
+
+    // Convert mantissa to BigInt
+    let mantissa_bigint = BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa);
+
+    let mantissa_mult = mantissa_bigint * scale_factor;
+
+    // Apply the sign
+    let signed_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        mantissa_mult
+    } else {
+        -mantissa_mult
+    };
+
+    // Handle placement of decimal point
+    let mantissa_str = signed_value.to_string();
+    let mantissa_len = mantissa_str.len();
+    let adjusted_exponent = inter_rep.exponent + mantissa_len as i32;
+
+    let string = if adjusted_exponent <= 0 {
+        // Handle case where the exponent indicates a number less than 1
+        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-adjusted_exponent as usize);
+        format!("0.{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str)
+    } else if adjusted_exponent as usize >= mantissa_len {
+        // Handle case where the exponent is larger than the length of the mantissa
+        format!(
+            "{}{}",
+            mantissa_str,
+            "0".repeat(adjusted_exponent as usize - mantissa_len)
+        )
+    } else {
+        // Normal case
+        let integer_part = &mantissa_str[..adjusted_exponent as usize];
+        let fractional_part = &mantissa_str[adjusted_exponent as usize..];
+        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    };
+
+    // Write the result to the file or stdout
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        file.write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    // Get sign value before converting string
+    let sign = hex_string.chars().next() != Some('-');
+
+    // Remove the '-' sign if present
+    let cleaned_hex_string = if sign { hex_string } else { &hex_string[1..] };
+
+    // Convert the cleaned hexadecimal string to BigUint
+    let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(cleaned_hex_string, 16)
+        .expect("Invalid hexadecimal string");
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa: hex_value,
+        exponent: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+fn intermediate_to_hex(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Apply the sign
+    let hex_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16)
+    } else {
+        format!("-{}", inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16))
+    };
+
+    // Write the result to the file or stdout
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        file.write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// ChatGPT stuff below
+
+// fn format_scientific_notation(num_str: &str, exponent: i32) -> String {
+//     // Check for an empty string
+//     if num_str.is_empty() {
+//         return "0.0e0".to_string();
+//     }
+
+//     // Find the position of the decimal point
+//     let (integer_part, fractional_part) = if num_str.contains('.') {
+//         let parts: Vec<&str> = num_str.split('.').collect();
+//         (parts[0], parts.get(1).unwrap_or(&""))
+//     } else {
+//         (num_str, "")
+//     };
+
+//     // Calculate the new exponent after including the fractional part
+//     let new_exponent = exponent + integer_part.len() as i32;
+
+//     // Format integer part and fractional part
+//     let integer_part = integer_part.to_string();
+//     let mut fractional_part = fractional_part.to_string();
+//     let mut result = String::new();
+
+//     if !integer_part.is_empty() {
+//         result.push_str(&integer_part);
+//     }
+
+//     if !fractional_part.is_empty() {
+//         result.push('.');
+//         result.push_str(&fractional_part);
+//     }
+
+//     format!("{:+.8e}", result.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)) // Converting to f64 for formatting
+// }

From 51f4ee86473ca16ec808c5e26b9c131575e33382 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2024 06:45:54 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] Addded some dependencies

---
 tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml  | 3 ++-
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml b/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
index 87bdf6fd3c..be2f704ed5 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 argh.workspace = true
-
+num-bigint = { version = "0.4", workspace = true }
+num-traits = { version = "0.2", workspace = true }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 1e64b0f39d..7e8e769cc2 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
 // Threshold for using fast-track functions
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24; // Example threshold value, adjust as needed
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24; 
 
 struct IntermediateRepresentation {
     sign: bool,

From ab020742875c956d6bc97ef5464317c63879ae13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 22:17:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] Added spec for intermediate representation functions

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 189 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 152 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 7e8e769cc2..80b8c3fdfa 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -628,6 +628,26 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a binary number the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
+/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
+/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the binary number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
+
 fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let bit_width = binary_string.len();
 
@@ -651,6 +671,24 @@ fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     }
 }
 
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a binary string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt`
+/// applying the sign, converts the resulting `BigInt` to a binary string, and writes
+/// the binary string to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the binary string
+///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+
 fn intermediate_to_binary(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
@@ -674,6 +712,26 @@ fn intermediate_to_binary(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
+/// splits it into integer and fractional parts, constructs the mantissa,
+/// sets the exponent based on the length of the fractional part, and
+/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `float_string` - A string slice containing the floating-point number to be converted.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the floating-point number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
 fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let sign = !float_string.starts_with("-");
     let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches("-");
@@ -691,6 +749,25 @@ fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     }
 }
 
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a floating-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a string,
+/// inserts the decimal point at the correct position based on the exponent, constructs
+/// the floating-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
+/// to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the floating-point
+///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+
 fn intermediate_to_float(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
@@ -736,6 +813,26 @@ fn intermediate_to_float(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number and an exponent value,
+/// determines the sign, constructs the mantissa, sets the exponent to the given value, and
+/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `fixed_string` - A string slice containing the fixed-point number to be converted.
+/// * `exp_int` - The exponent value for the fixed-point number.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the fixed-point number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
 fn fixed_to_intermediate(
     fixed_string: &str,
     exp_int: i32,
@@ -752,6 +849,24 @@ fn fixed_to_intermediate(
     }
 }
 
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a fixed-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, computes the scale factor based on
+/// the negative exponent, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt` and multiplies by the scale factor,
+/// constructs the fixed-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
+/// to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the fixed-point
+///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 fn intermediate_to_fixed(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
@@ -809,6 +924,26 @@ fn intermediate_to_fixed(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
+/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
+/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `hex_string` - A string slice containing the hexadecimal number to be converted.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the hexadecimal number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
+
 fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     // Get sign value before converting string
     let sign = hex_string.chars().next() != Some('-');
@@ -827,6 +962,22 @@ fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     }
 }
 
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a hexadecimal string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a hexadecimal string,
+/// applies the sign, and writes the resulting string to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the hexadecimal string
+///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+
 fn intermediate_to_hex(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
@@ -848,40 +999,4 @@ fn intermediate_to_hex(
     }
 
     Ok(())
-}
-
-// ChatGPT stuff below
-
-// fn format_scientific_notation(num_str: &str, exponent: i32) -> String {
-//     // Check for an empty string
-//     if num_str.is_empty() {
-//         return "0.0e0".to_string();
-//     }
-
-//     // Find the position of the decimal point
-//     let (integer_part, fractional_part) = if num_str.contains('.') {
-//         let parts: Vec<&str> = num_str.split('.').collect();
-//         (parts[0], parts.get(1).unwrap_or(&""))
-//     } else {
-//         (num_str, "")
-//     };
-
-//     // Calculate the new exponent after including the fractional part
-//     let new_exponent = exponent + integer_part.len() as i32;
-
-//     // Format integer part and fractional part
-//     let integer_part = integer_part.to_string();
-//     let mut fractional_part = fractional_part.to_string();
-//     let mut result = String::new();
-
-//     if !integer_part.is_empty() {
-//         result.push_str(&integer_part);
-//     }
-
-//     if !fractional_part.is_empty() {
-//         result.push('.');
-//         result.push_str(&fractional_part);
-//     }
-
-//     format!("{:+.8e}", result.to_f64().unwrap_or(0.0)) // Converting to f64 for formatting
-// }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From c71eb923f017cff5bd69849784877538f216eb0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2024 22:24:25 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] formatting

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 23 ++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 80b8c3fdfa..d372990009 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
 // Threshold for using fast-track functions
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24; 
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24;
 
 struct IntermediateRepresentation {
     sign: bool,
@@ -628,7 +628,6 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-
 /// Converts a string representation of a binary number the intermediate representation.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
@@ -651,7 +650,7 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let bit_width = binary_string.len();
 
-    let sign = binary_string.chars().next() == Some('0');
+    let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
 
     let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
         .expect("Invalid binary string");
@@ -671,7 +670,6 @@ fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     }
 }
 
-
 /// Converts the intermediate representation to a binary string and writes it to a file or stdout.
 ///
 /// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt`
@@ -712,7 +710,6 @@ fn intermediate_to_binary(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-
 /// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to the intermediate representation.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
@@ -733,8 +730,8 @@ fn intermediate_to_binary(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
 fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = !float_string.starts_with("-");
-    let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches("-");
+    let sign = !float_string.starts_with('-');
+    let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches('-');
 
     let parts: Vec<&str> = float_trimmed.split('.').collect();
     let integer_part = parts[0];
@@ -749,7 +746,6 @@ fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     }
 }
 
-
 /// Converts the intermediate representation to a floating-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
 ///
 /// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a string,
@@ -813,7 +809,6 @@ fn intermediate_to_float(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-
 /// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to the intermediate representation.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number and an exponent value,
@@ -837,8 +832,8 @@ fn fixed_to_intermediate(
     fixed_string: &str,
     exp_int: i32,
 ) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with("-");
-    let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches("-");
+    let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with('-');
+    let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches('-');
 
     let mantissa_string = &format!("{fixed_trimmed}");
 
@@ -849,7 +844,6 @@ fn fixed_to_intermediate(
     }
 }
 
-
 /// Converts the intermediate representation to a fixed-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
 ///
 /// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, computes the scale factor based on
@@ -924,7 +918,6 @@ fn intermediate_to_fixed(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-
 /// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to the intermediate representation.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
@@ -946,7 +939,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_fixed(
 
 fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     // Get sign value before converting string
-    let sign = hex_string.chars().next() != Some('-');
+    let sign = !hex_string.starts_with('-');
 
     // Remove the '-' sign if present
     let cleaned_hex_string = if sign { hex_string } else { &hex_string[1..] };
@@ -999,4 +992,4 @@ fn intermediate_to_hex(
     }
 
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}

From c317b635d32529c652a816ba17ef534255578247 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Thu, 8 Aug 2024 07:52:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] fixed dependencies

---
 tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml b/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
index be2f704ed5..d4ea846c7a 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ rust-version.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 argh.workspace = true
-num-bigint = { version = "0.4", workspace = true }
-num-traits = { version = "0.2", workspace = true }
\ No newline at end of file
+num-bigint = "0.4"
+num-traits = "0.2"
\ No newline at end of file

From a134703ad19e4978f7e8bba5dbc13128b8e99260 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 09:07:33 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] Updated from 32 bit width to 64

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 108 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 54 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index d372990009..da1f51277f 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
 // Threshold for using fast-track functions
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u32 = 1 << 24;
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1 << 24;
 
 struct IntermediateRepresentation {
     sign: bool,
     mantissa: BigUint,
-    exponent: i32,
+    exponent: i64,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct Arguments {
 
     /// optional exponent for fixed_to_binary -> default is -1
     #[argh(option, default = "-1")]
-    exp: i32,
+    exp: i64,
 
     /// optional for fixed_to_binary using bit slicing. If choosen, will use bit slicing.
     #[argh(switch, short = 'b')]
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ fn main() {
 ///   where the converted data will be written.
 /// * `convert_from` - A reference to a `NumType` enum indicating the type of the input data.
 /// * `convert_to` - A reference to a `NumType` enum indicating the type of the output data.
-/// * `exponent` - An `i32` value used as the exponent for conversions involving fixed-point numbers.
+/// * `exponent` - An `i64` value used as the exponent for conversions involving fixed-point numbers.
 ///
 /// # Returns
 ///
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ fn convert(
     filepath_send: &Option<String>,
     convert_from: NumType,
     convert_to: NumType,
-    exponent: i32,
+    exponent: i64,
     bits: bool,
 ) {
     // Create the output file if filepath_send is Some
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ fn convert(
     match (convert_from, convert_to) {
         (NumType::Hex, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
                     hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Float, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
                     float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Fixed, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
                     fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Hex) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
                     binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                 } else {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Float) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32 {
+                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
                     binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                 } else {
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ fn convert(
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Fixed) => {
             if !bits {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap()
-                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32
+                    if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap()
+                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64
                     {
                         binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                             .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ fn convert(
                 }
             } else {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.parse::<f32>().unwrap()
-                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f32
+                    if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap()
+                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64
                     {
                         binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
                             line,
@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ fn convert(
 }
 
 /// Formats [to_format] properly for float values
-fn format_binary(to_format: u32) -> String {
-    let binary_str = format!("{:032b}", to_format);
+fn format_binary(to_format: u64) -> String {
+    let binary_str = format!("{:064b}", to_format);
     format!(
         "{} {} {}",
         &binary_str[0..1], // Sign bit
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ fn format_binary(to_format: u32) -> String {
     )
 }
 
-fn format_hex(to_format: u32) -> String {
+fn format_hex(to_format: u64) -> String {
     format!("0x{:X}", to_format)
 }
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ fn format_hex(to_format: u32) -> String {
 /// format and appends the result to the specified file.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
-/// converts it to a 32-bit floating-point number (`f32`), then converts this
+/// converts it to a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`), then converts this
 /// number to its binary representation. The binary representation is formatted
 /// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
 ///
@@ -310,9 +310,9 @@ fn float_to_binary(
     float_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let float_of_string: f32;
+    let float_of_string: f64;
     // Convert string to float
-    match float_string.parse::<f32>() {
+    match float_string.parse::<f64>() {
         Ok(parsed_num) => float_of_string = parsed_num,
         Err(_) => {
             panic!("Failed to parse float from string")
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ fn float_to_binary(
 /// format and appends the result to the specified file.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
-/// converts it to a 32-bit integer (`u32`), then converts this number to its
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
 /// binary representation. The binary representation is formatted as a string
 /// and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
 ///
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ fn hex_to_binary(
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     // Convert hex to binary
-    let binary_of_hex = u32::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
+    let binary_of_hex = u64::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
         .expect("Failed to parse hex string");
 
     // Format nicely
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ fn hex_to_binary(
 /// format and appends the result to the specified file.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 32-bit integer (`u32`), then converts this number to its
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
 /// hexadecimal representation. The hexadecimal representation is formatted
 /// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
 ///
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ fn binary_to_hex(
     binary_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let hex_of_binary = u32::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+    let hex_of_binary = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
         .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
 
     let formatted_hex_str = format_hex(hex_of_binary);
@@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ fn binary_to_hex(
 /// format and appends the result to the specified file.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 32-bit integer (`u32`), then interprets this integer as
-/// the binary representation of a 32-bit floating-point number (`f32`).
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then interprets this integer as
+/// the binary representation of a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`).
 /// The floating-point representation is formatted as a string and written
 /// to the specified file, followed by a newline.
 ///
@@ -451,11 +451,11 @@ fn binary_to_float(
     binary_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let binary_value = u32::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+    let binary_value = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
         .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
 
     // Interpret the integer as the binary representation of a floating-point number
-    let float_value = f32::from_bits(binary_value);
+    let float_value = f64::from_bits(binary_value);
 
     let formated_float_str = format!("{:?}", float_value);
 
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ fn binary_to_float(
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number,
 /// multiplies it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent, converts the result
-/// to a 32-bit integer, and then to its binary representation. The binary representation
+/// to a 64-bit integer, and then to its binary representation. The binary representation
 /// is formatted as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
 ///
 /// # Arguments
@@ -498,11 +498,11 @@ fn binary_to_float(
 fn fixed_to_binary(
     fixed_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i32,
+    exp_int: i64,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     // Convert fixed value from string to int
-    let fixed_value: f32;
-    match fixed_string.parse::<f32>() {
+    let fixed_value: f64;
+    match fixed_string.parse::<f64>() {
         Ok(parsed_num) => fixed_value = parsed_num,
         Err(_) => {
             panic!("Bad fixed value input")
@@ -510,16 +510,16 @@ fn fixed_to_binary(
     }
 
     //exponent int to float so we can multiply
-    let exponent = exp_int as f32;
+    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
 
     // Exponent math
-    let multiplied_fixed = fixed_value * 2_f32.powf(-exponent);
+    let multiplied_fixed = fixed_value * 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
 
-    // Convert to a 32-bit integer
-    let multiplied_fixed_as_i32 = multiplied_fixed as i32;
+    // Convert to a 64-bit integer
+    let multiplied_fixed_as_i64 = multiplied_fixed as i64;
 
-    // Convert to a binary string with 32 bits
-    let binary_of_fixed = format!("{:032b}", multiplied_fixed_as_i32);
+    // Convert to a binary string with 64 bits
+    let binary_of_fixed = format!("{:064b}", multiplied_fixed_as_i64);
 
     if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
         // Write binary string to the file
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ fn fixed_to_binary(
 /// format and appends the result to the specified file.
 ///
 /// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 32-bit unsigned integer, interprets this integer as
+/// converts it to a 64-bit unsigned integer, interprets this integer as
 /// a floating-point number, divides it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent,
 /// and converts the result to its fixed-point representation. The fixed-point
 /// representation is formatted as a string and written to the specified file,
@@ -562,22 +562,22 @@ fn fixed_to_binary(
 fn binary_to_fixed(
     binary_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i32,
+    exp_int: i64,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     // Convert binary value from string to int
-    let binary_value = match u32::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2) {
+    let binary_value = match u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2) {
         Ok(parsed_num) => parsed_num,
         Err(_) => panic!("Bad binary value input"),
     };
 
     // Convert to fixed
-    let int_of_binary = binary_value as f32;
+    let int_of_binary = binary_value as f64;
 
     //exponent int to float so we can multiply
-    let exponent = exp_int as f32;
+    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
 
     // Exponent math
-    let divided: f32 = int_of_binary / 2_f32.powf(-exponent);
+    let divided: f64 = int_of_binary / 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
 
     let string_of_divided = format!("{:+.8e}", divided);
 
@@ -596,23 +596,23 @@ fn binary_to_fixed(
 fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
     binary_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i32,
+    exp_int: i64,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     // Convert binary string to an integer (assuming binary_string is a valid binary representation)
-    let binary_int = u32::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2).unwrap();
+    let binary_int = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2).unwrap();
 
     // Adjust the binary point based on the exponent
     let mut result = binary_int;
     if exp_int < 0 {
         // If exponent is negative, shift right (multiply by 2^(-exp_int))
-        result >>= -exp_int as u32;
+        result >>= -exp_int as u64;
     } else {
         // If exponent is positive, shift left (multiply by 2^(exp_int))
-        result <<= exp_int as u32;
+        result <<= exp_int as u64;
     }
 
     // Convert result to a fixed-point decimal representation
-    let fixed_value = result as f32;
+    let fixed_value = result as f64;
 
     let string_of_fixed = format!("{:.8e}", fixed_value);
 
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
         binary_value
     } else {
         // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
-        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u32) << bit_width;
+        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << bit_width;
         &max_value - &binary_value
     };
 
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     IntermediateRepresentation {
         sign,
         mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
-        exponent: -(fractional_part.len() as i32),
+        exponent: -(fractional_part.len() as i64),
     }
 }
 
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_float(
     let mut mantissa_str = inter_rep.mantissa.to_string();
 
     // Determine the position to insert the decimal point
-    let mut decimal_pos = mantissa_str.len() as i32 - inter_rep.exponent;
+    let mut decimal_pos = mantissa_str.len() as i64 - inter_rep.exponent;
 
     // Handle cases where the decimal position is before the first digit
     if decimal_pos <= 0 {
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_float(
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
 fn fixed_to_intermediate(
     fixed_string: &str,
-    exp_int: i32,
+    exp_int: i64,
 ) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with('-');
     let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches('-');
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_fixed(
     // Handle placement of decimal point
     let mantissa_str = signed_value.to_string();
     let mantissa_len = mantissa_str.len();
-    let adjusted_exponent = inter_rep.exponent + mantissa_len as i32;
+    let adjusted_exponent = inter_rep.exponent + mantissa_len as i64;
 
     let string = if adjusted_exponent <= 0 {
         // Handle case where the exponent indicates a number less than 1

From cbd9d31e53e0bc868eefadd14ce354b8b76e1eda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 10:06:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] Updated thresholds and corrected error in using
 thresholds

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 31 +++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index da1f51277f..87a735ae17 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,13 @@ use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
-// Threshold for using fast-track functions
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1 << 24;
+// Thresholds for using fast-track functions
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED: usize = 53; //52 bits for the significand (plus 1 implicit bit)b
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT: usize = 53;
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY: usize = 64;
+const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX: usize = 64;
 
 struct IntermediateRepresentation {
     sign: bool,
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ParseNumTypeError {
 
 impl Error for ParseNumTypeError {}
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)] // Add PartialEq derivation here - What is this?
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)] // Add PartialEq derivation here
 enum NumType {
     Binary,
     Float,
@@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ fn convert(
     match (convert_from, convert_to) {
         (NumType::Hex, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
+                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY {
                     hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -156,7 +161,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Float, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
+                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY {
                     float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -170,7 +175,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Fixed, NumType::Binary) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
+                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY {
                     fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
@@ -184,10 +189,12 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Hex) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
+                print!("used fastpath");
+                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX {
                     binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                 } else {
+                    print!("used intermediate");
                     intermediate_to_hex(
                         binary_to_intermediate(line),
                         &mut converted,
@@ -198,7 +205,7 @@ fn convert(
         }
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Float) => {
             for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64 {
+                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT {
                     binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                 } else {
@@ -213,9 +220,7 @@ fn convert(
         (NumType::Binary, NumType::Fixed) => {
             if !bits {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap()
-                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64
-                    {
+                    if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED {
                         binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                             .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
                     } else {
@@ -228,9 +233,7 @@ fn convert(
                 }
             } else {
                 for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.parse::<f64>().unwrap()
-                        <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD as f64
-                    {
+                    if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED {
                         binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
                             line,
                             &mut converted,

From eac7ba387ef3268fb5a37a9998d63a0100b6d5e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Fri, 9 Aug 2024 22:39:53 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] updated intermediate rep functions into helper
 functions and implemented some other suggestions

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 49 ++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 87a735ae17..2f244be6f7 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY: usize = 64;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX: usize = 64;
 
+/// * 'sign' - `true` indicates that the value is negative; `false` indicates that it is positive.
+/// * 'mantissa' - The absolute value represented as an integer without a decimal point.
+/// * 'exponent' - The exponent to apply to the mantissa, where the actual value is calculated as `mantissa * 2^exponent`. The exponent can be negative.
 struct IntermediateRepresentation {
     sign: bool,
     mantissa: BigUint,
@@ -151,8 +154,8 @@ fn convert(
                     hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    intermediate_to_binary(
-                        hex_to_intermediate(line),
+                    to_binary(
+                        from_hex(line),
                         &mut converted,
                     )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -165,8 +168,8 @@ fn convert(
                     float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    intermediate_to_binary(
-                        float_to_intermediate(line),
+                    to_binary(
+                        from_float(line),
                         &mut converted,
                     )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -179,8 +182,8 @@ fn convert(
                     fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    intermediate_to_binary(
-                        fixed_to_intermediate(line, exponent),
+                    to_binary(
+                        from_fixed(line, exponent),
                         &mut converted,
                     )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -195,8 +198,8 @@ fn convert(
                         .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                 } else {
                     print!("used intermediate");
-                    intermediate_to_hex(
-                        binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                    to_hex(
+                        from_binary(line),
                         &mut converted,
                     )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -209,8 +212,8 @@ fn convert(
                     binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                 } else {
-                    intermediate_to_float(
-                        binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                    to_float(
+                        from_binary(line),
                         &mut converted,
                     )
                     .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -224,8 +227,8 @@ fn convert(
                         binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                             .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
                     } else {
-                        intermediate_to_fixed(
-                            binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                        to_fixed(
+                            from_binary(line),
                             &mut converted,
                         )
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -241,8 +244,8 @@ fn convert(
                         )
                         .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
                     } else {
-                        intermediate_to_fixed(
-                            binary_to_intermediate(line),
+                        to_fixed(
+                            from_binary(line),
                             &mut converted,
                         )
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
@@ -650,7 +653,7 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
 
-fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+fn from_binary(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let bit_width = binary_string.len();
 
     let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
@@ -690,7 +693,7 @@ fn binary_to_intermediate(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
 /// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
 /// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 
-fn intermediate_to_binary(
+fn to_binary(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -732,7 +735,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_binary(
 /// # Panics
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
-fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+fn from_float(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let sign = !float_string.starts_with('-');
     let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches('-');
 
@@ -767,7 +770,7 @@ fn float_to_intermediate(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
 /// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
 /// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 
-fn intermediate_to_float(
+fn to_float(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -831,7 +834,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_float(
 /// # Panics
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
-fn fixed_to_intermediate(
+fn from_fixed(
     fixed_string: &str,
     exp_int: i64,
 ) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
@@ -864,7 +867,7 @@ fn fixed_to_intermediate(
 ///
 /// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
 /// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-fn intermediate_to_fixed(
+fn to_fixed(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -940,7 +943,7 @@ fn intermediate_to_fixed(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
 
-fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+fn from_hex(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     // Get sign value before converting string
     let sign = !hex_string.starts_with('-');
 
@@ -974,7 +977,7 @@ fn hex_to_intermediate(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
 /// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
 /// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 
-fn intermediate_to_hex(
+fn to_hex(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -995,4 +998,4 @@ fn intermediate_to_hex(
     }
 
     Ok(())
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 85f6e21fd69a395edf27d8e8879f070999146f9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 06:18:32 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] Corrected binary_to_intermediate by requiring bit width
 from the command line.

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 74 ++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 2f244be6f7..6fa3baf2b3 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,10 @@ struct Arguments {
     /// optional for fixed_to_binary using bit slicing. If choosen, will use bit slicing.
     #[argh(switch, short = 'b')]
     bits: bool,
-    // optional switch for
+
+    /// optional  for use with to_binary
+    #[argh(option, short = 'w')]
+    width: usize,
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -114,6 +117,7 @@ fn main() {
         args.totype,
         args.exp,
         args.bits,
+        args.width,
     );
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ fn convert(
     convert_to: NumType,
     exponent: i64,
     bits: bool,
+    width: usize,
 ) {
     // Create the output file if filepath_send is Some
     let mut converted: Option<File> = filepath_send
@@ -154,11 +159,8 @@ fn convert(
                     hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(
-                        from_hex(line),
-                        &mut converted,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_binary(from_hex(line), &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -168,11 +170,8 @@ fn convert(
                     float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(
-                        from_float(line),
-                        &mut converted,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -182,11 +181,8 @@ fn convert(
                     fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(
-                        from_fixed(line, exponent),
-                        &mut converted,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_binary(from_fixed(line, exponent), &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -198,11 +194,8 @@ fn convert(
                         .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                 } else {
                     print!("used intermediate");
-                    to_hex(
-                        from_binary(line),
-                        &mut converted,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_hex(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -212,11 +205,8 @@ fn convert(
                     binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_float(
-                        from_binary(line),
-                        &mut converted,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_float(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -227,11 +217,8 @@ fn convert(
                         binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                             .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
                     } else {
-                        to_fixed(
-                            from_binary(line),
-                            &mut converted,
-                        )
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        to_fixed(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -244,11 +231,8 @@ fn convert(
                         )
                         .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
                     } else {
-                        to_fixed(
-                            from_binary(line),
-                            &mut converted,
-                        )
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        to_fixed(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -653,9 +637,10 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
 
-fn from_binary(binary_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let bit_width = binary_string.len();
-
+fn from_binary(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    bit_width: usize,
+) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
 
     let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
@@ -834,18 +819,15 @@ fn to_float(
 /// # Panics
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
-fn from_fixed(
-    fixed_string: &str,
-    exp_int: i64,
-) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+fn from_fixed(fixed_string: &str, exp_int: i64) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with('-');
     let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches('-');
 
-    let mantissa_string = &format!("{fixed_trimmed}");
+    let mantissa_string = fixed_trimmed.to_string();
 
     IntermediateRepresentation {
         sign,
-        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
+        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
         exponent: exp_int,
     }
 }
@@ -998,4 +980,4 @@ fn to_hex(
     }
 
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}

From b44ea8cc43690316472648edb5d21b088534ac4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 07:35:46 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] Updated from_hex to match the implementation of
 from_binary

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 6fa3baf2b3..ab3397cd2b 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ struct Arguments {
     #[argh(switch, short = 'b')]
     bits: bool,
 
-    /// optional  for use with to_binary
+    /// optional for use with to_binary and from_binary
     #[argh(option, short = 'w')]
     width: usize,
 }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ fn convert(
                     hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(from_hex(line), &mut converted)
+                    to_binary(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn convert(
                     float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted)
+                    to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
@@ -181,8 +181,12 @@ fn convert(
                     fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
                         .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 } else {
-                    to_binary(from_fixed(line, exponent), &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                    to_binary(
+                        from_fixed(line, exponent),
+                        &mut converted,
+                        width,
+                    )
+                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -627,6 +631,7 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 /// # Arguments
 ///
 /// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
 ///
 /// # Returns
 ///
@@ -672,6 +677,7 @@ fn from_binary(
 /// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
 /// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the binary string
 ///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
 ///
 /// # Returns
 ///
@@ -681,6 +687,7 @@ fn from_binary(
 fn to_binary(
     inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+    bit_width: usize, // Bit width specified by the user
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     let inter_value = if inter_rep.sign {
         BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
@@ -688,8 +695,20 @@ fn to_binary(
         -BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
     };
 
-    let binary_str = inter_value.to_str_radix(2);
+    // Convert the value to a binary string
+    let mut binary_str = inter_value.to_str_radix(2);
+
+    // Handle two's complement for negative numbers
+    if inter_value < BigInt::from(0) {
+        let max_value = BigInt::from(1) << bit_width;
+        let two_complement = max_value + inter_value;
+        binary_str = two_complement.to_str_radix(2);
+    }
+
+    // At this point, binary_str should already be at the correct bit width
+    // No padding or truncation is necessary
 
+    // Write to file or stdout
     if let Some(file) = filepath_send {
         file.write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
         file.write_all(b"\n")?;
@@ -925,20 +944,26 @@ fn to_fixed(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
 
-fn from_hex(hex_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    // Get sign value before converting string
-    let sign = !hex_string.starts_with('-');
-
-    // Remove the '-' sign if present
-    let cleaned_hex_string = if sign { hex_string } else { &hex_string[1..] };
-
+fn from_hex(hex_string: &str, width: usize) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     // Convert the cleaned hexadecimal string to BigUint
-    let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(cleaned_hex_string, 16)
+    let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
         .expect("Invalid hexadecimal string");
 
+    // Determine if the value is negative based on the MSB
+    let sign_bit = BigUint::from(1u64) << (width - 1);
+    let sign = &hex_value & &sign_bit == BigUint::from(0u64);
+
+    let mantissa = if sign {
+        hex_value
+    } else {
+        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
+        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << width;
+        &max_value - &hex_value
+    };
+
     IntermediateRepresentation {
         sign,
-        mantissa: hex_value,
+        mantissa,
         exponent: 0,
     }
 }

From cb240e2ac6a32ed4d5023f95bc6f08b66a4ad9dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 06:16:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] corrected bit width command line input so that it is
 optional"

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 7 ++-----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index ab3397cd2b..fbd7952e73 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ struct Arguments {
     bits: bool,
 
     /// optional for use with to_binary and from_binary
-    #[argh(option, short = 'w')]
+    #[argh(option, default = "0")]
     width: usize,
 }
 
@@ -448,10 +448,7 @@ fn binary_to_float(
     let binary_value = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
         .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
 
-    // Interpret the integer as the binary representation of a floating-point number
-    let float_value = f64::from_bits(binary_value);
-
-    let formated_float_str = format!("{:?}", float_value);
+    let formated_float_str = format!("{:?}", binary_value);
 
     if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
         // Write binary string to the file

From de786e529b32e6214592af6fec27dfca37e20000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2024 09:02:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] Seperation of NumType and FileType

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs | 249 +++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 142 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index fbd7952e73..3811f3f74e 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -36,45 +36,83 @@ struct ParseNumTypeError;
 
 impl fmt::Display for ParseNumTypeError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "invalid number type")
+        write!(f, "invalid numeric type")
     }
 }
 
 impl Error for ParseNumTypeError {}
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)] // Add PartialEq derivation here
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)] 
 enum NumType {
-    Binary,
     Float,
-    Hex,
     Fixed,
 }
 
+impl FromStr for NumType {
+    type Err = ParseNumTypeError;
+
+    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<NumType, Self::Err> {
+        match input {
+            "float" => Ok(NumType::Float),
+            "fixed" => Ok(NumType::Fixed),
+            _ => Err(ParseNumTypeError),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl ToString for NumType {
     fn to_string(&self) -> String {
         match self {
-            NumType::Binary => "binary".to_string(),
             NumType::Float => "float".to_string(),
-            NumType::Hex => "hex".to_string(),
             NumType::Fixed => "fixed".to_string(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl FromStr for NumType {
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ParseFileTypeError;
+
+impl fmt::Display for ParseFileTypeError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt:: Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "invalid file type")
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for ParseFileTypeError {}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)] 
+enum FileType {
+    Binary,
+    Hex,
+    Decimal,
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for FileType {
     type Err = ParseNumTypeError;
 
-    fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<NumType, Self::Err> {
-        match input {
-            "binary" => Ok(NumType::Binary),
-            "float" => Ok(NumType::Float),
-            "hex" => Ok(NumType::Hex),
-            "fixed" => Ok(NumType::Fixed),
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "binary" => Ok(FileType::Binary),
+            "hex" => Ok(FileType::Hex),
+            "decfloat" => Ok(FileType::Decimal),
             _ => Err(ParseNumTypeError),
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl ToString for FileType {
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            FileType::Hex => "hex".to_string(),
+            FileType::Binary => "binary".to_string(),
+            FileType::Decimal => "decimal".to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
 #[derive(FromArgs)]
 /// get arguments to convert
 struct Arguments {
@@ -86,13 +124,21 @@ struct Arguments {
     #[argh(option)]
     to: Option<String>,
 
-    /// type to convert from
+    /// num type to convert from
     #[argh(option)]
-    ftype: NumType,
+    fromnum: NumType,
 
-    /// type to convert to
+    /// file type to convert from
     #[argh(option)]
-    totype: NumType,
+    fromfile: FileType,
+
+    /// num type to convert to
+    #[argh(option)]
+    tonum: NumType,
+
+    /// file type to convert to
+    #[argh(option)]
+    tofile: FileType,
 
     /// optional exponent for fixed_to_binary -> default is -1
     #[argh(option, default = "-1")]
@@ -105,6 +151,10 @@ struct Arguments {
     /// optional for use with to_binary and from_binary
     #[argh(option, default = "0")]
     width: usize,
+
+    /// optional flag to force the inter-rep path
+    #[argh(switch, short = 'i')]
+    inter: bool
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -113,11 +163,14 @@ fn main() {
     convert(
         &args.from,
         &args.to,
-        args.ftype,
-        args.totype,
+        args.fromnum,
+        args.fromfile,
+        args.tonum,
+        args.tofile,
         args.exp,
         args.bits,
         args.width,
+        args.inter,
     );
 }
 
@@ -141,124 +194,104 @@ fn main() {
 fn convert(
     filepath_get: &String,
     filepath_send: &Option<String>,
-    convert_from: NumType,
-    convert_to: NumType,
+    fromnum: NumType,
+    fromfile: FileType,
+    tonum: NumType,
+    tofile: FileType,
     exponent: i64,
     bits: bool,
     width: usize,
+    inter: bool,
 ) {
     // Create the output file if filepath_send is Some
     let mut converted: Option<File> = filepath_send
         .as_ref()
         .map(|path| File::create(path).expect("creation failed"));
 
-    match (convert_from, convert_to) {
-        (NumType::Hex, NumType::Binary) => {
-            for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY {
-                    hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
-                } else {
-                    to_binary(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        (NumType::Float, NumType::Binary) => {
-            for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY {
-                    float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
-                } else {
-                    to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+    match (fromnum, tonum) {
+        (NumType:: Float, NumType::Float) => {
+            match(fromfile, tofile){
+                (FileType:: Hex, FileType::Binary) => {
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY && !inter{
+                            hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        } else {
+                            to_binary(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        }
-        (NumType::Fixed, NumType::Binary) => {
-            for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY {
-                    fixed_to_binary(line, &mut converted, exponent)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
-                } else {
-                    to_binary(
-                        from_fixed(line, exponent),
-                        &mut converted,
-                        width,
-                    )
-                    .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                (FileType:: Decimal, FileType::Binary)=>{
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY && !inter {
+                            float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        } else {
+                            to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        }
-        (NumType::Binary, NumType::Hex) => {
-            for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                print!("used fastpath");
-                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX {
-                    binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
-                } else {
-                    print!("used intermediate");
-                    to_hex(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                (FileType:: Binary, FileType::Hex)=>{
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        print!("used fastpath");
+                        if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX && !inter {
+                            binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
+                        } else {
+                            print!("used intermediate");
+                            to_hex(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        }
-        (NumType::Binary, NumType::Float) => {
-            for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT {
-                    binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write float to file");
-                } else {
-                    to_float(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
-                        .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                (FileType:: Binary, FileType::Decimal)=>{
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT && !inter {
+                            binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write float to file");
+                        } else {
+                            to_float(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        }
-        (NumType::Binary, NumType::Fixed) => {
-            if !bits {
-                for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED {
-                        binary_to_fixed(line, &mut converted, exponent)
-                            .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
-                    } else {
-                        to_fixed(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
-                            .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                (FileType:: Hex, FileType::Decimal)=>{
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        to_float(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
-            } else {
-                for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                    if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED {
-                        binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
-                            line,
-                            &mut converted,
-                            exponent,
-                        )
-                        .expect("Failed to write fixed-point to file");
-                    } else {
-                        to_fixed(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
-                            .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
+                (FileType:: Decimal, FileType::Hex)=>{
+                    for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
+                        to_hex(from_float(line), &mut converted)
+                                .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
+                (_, _)=>{
+                    panic!("Invalid Conversion of File Types") 
+                }
             }
         }
         _ => panic!(
             "Conversion from {} to {} is not supported",
-            convert_from.to_string(),
-            convert_to.to_string()
+            fromnum.to_string(),
+            tonum.to_string()
         ),
     }
     if let Some(filepath) = filepath_send {
         eprintln!(
             "Successfully converted from {} to {} in {}",
-            convert_from.to_string(),
-            convert_to.to_string(),
+            fromnum.to_string(),
+            tonum.to_string(),
             filepath
         );
     } else {
         eprintln!(
             "Successfully converted from {} to {}",
-            convert_from.to_string(),
-            convert_to.to_string(),
+            fromnum.to_string(),
+            tonum.to_string(),
         );
     }
 }
@@ -350,6 +383,8 @@ fn float_to_binary(
 /// # Error
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
+/// 
+/// This does not differentiate between floating and fixed. It just treats any hex as an integer.
 fn hex_to_binary(
     hex_string: &str,
     filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
@@ -941,7 +976,7 @@ fn to_fixed(
 ///
 /// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
 
-fn from_hex(hex_string: &str, width: usize) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+fn from_hex(hex_string: &str, width: usize, float_or_fixed: NumType) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
     // Convert the cleaned hexadecimal string to BigUint
     let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
         .expect("Invalid hexadecimal string");

From 1c154e1aef07425e7642d7595596ee6d067df8a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 11:24:17 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Added U8 Vector Representation

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e4db8d456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+pub fn binary_to_u8_vec(binary: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut padded_binary: String = binary.to_string();
+
+    // If the binary string length is not a multiple of 8, pad it with leading zeros
+    let padding = 8 - (padded_binary.len() % 8);
+    if padding != 8 {
+        padded_binary = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_binary;
+    }
+
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    for i in (0..padded_binary.len()).step_by(8) {
+        let byte_str = &padded_binary[i..i + 8];
+        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2) {
+            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
+            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(vec)
+}
+
+pub fn hex_to_u8_vec(hex: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut padded_hex = hex.to_string();
+
+    let padding = 2 - (padded_hex.len() % 2);
+    if padding != 2 {
+        padded_hex = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_hex;
+    }
+
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    for i in (0..padded_hex.len()).step_by(2) {
+        let byte_str = &padded_hex[i..i + 8];
+        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2){
+            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
+            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(vec)
+}
+
+
+pub fn decimal_to_u8_vec(decimal: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    // Iterate over each character in the decimal string
+    for c in decimal.chars() {
+        // Check if the character is a digit
+        if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {
+            // Convert the digit (u32) to a u8 and push it to the vector
+            vec.push(digit as u8);
+        } else {
+            return Err(format!("Invalid character '{}' in decimal string", c));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(vec)
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 21df9c21bbe18ad9a23ab836baf728657a712832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 15:32:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Started modularizing

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs       | 421 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs     | 404 +-----------------------
 tools/data-conversion/src/results.txt |   7 +
 tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs |  58 ++++
 4 files changed, 454 insertions(+), 436 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/data-conversion/src/results.txt
 create mode 100644 tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
index 1e4db8d456..f800c848dd 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
@@ -1,58 +1,399 @@
-pub fn binary_to_u8_vec(binary: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
-    let mut padded_binary: String = binary.to_string();
+use num_bigint::BigInt;
+use num_bigint::BigUint;
+use num_traits::Num;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+use std::str::FromStr;
 
-    // If the binary string length is not a multiple of 8, pad it with leading zeros
-    let padding = 8 - (padded_binary.len() % 8);
-    if padding != 8 {
-        padded_binary = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_binary;
+
+pub struct IntermediateRepresentation {
+    sign: bool,
+    mantissa: BigUint,
+    exponent: i64,
+}
+
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a binary number the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
+/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
+/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the binary number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
+
+pub fn from_binary(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    bit_width: usize,
+) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
+
+    let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+        .expect("Invalid binary string");
+
+    let mantissa = if sign {
+        binary_value
+    } else {
+        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
+        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << bit_width;
+        &max_value - &binary_value
+    };
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa,
+        exponent: 0,
     }
+}
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a binary string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt`
+/// applying the sign, converts the resulting `BigInt` to a binary string, and writes
+/// the binary string to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the binary string
+///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 
-    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+pub fn to_binary(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+    bit_width: usize, // Bit width specified by the user
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let inter_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
+    } else {
+        -BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
+    };
 
-    for i in (0..padded_binary.len()).step_by(8) {
-        let byte_str = &padded_binary[i..i + 8];
-        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2) {
-            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
-            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
-        }
+    // Convert the value to a binary string
+    let mut binary_str = inter_value.to_str_radix(2);
+
+    // Handle two's complement for negative numbers
+    if inter_value < BigInt::from(0) {
+        let max_value = BigInt::from(1) << bit_width;
+        let two_complement = max_value + inter_value;
+        binary_str = two_complement.to_str_radix(2);
     }
 
-    Ok(vec)
+    // At this point, binary_str should already be at the correct bit width
+    // No padding or truncation is necessary
+
+    // Write to file or stdout
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send {
+        file.write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        std::io::stdout().write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        std::io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
+/// splits it into integer and fractional parts, constructs the mantissa,
+/// sets the exponent based on the length of the fractional part, and
+/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `float_string` - A string slice containing the floating-point number to be converted.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the floating-point number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
+pub fn from_float(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let sign = !float_string.starts_with('-');
+    let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches('-');
+
+    let parts: Vec<&str> = float_trimmed.split('.').collect();
+    let integer_part = parts[0];
+    let fractional_part = if parts.len() > 1 { parts[1] } else { "0" };
+    // Prob not the best way to do this
+    let mantissa_string = format!("{integer_part}{fractional_part}");
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
+        exponent: -(fractional_part.len() as i64),
+    }
 }
 
-pub fn hex_to_u8_vec(hex: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
-    let mut padded_hex = hex.to_string();
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a floating-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a string,
+/// inserts the decimal point at the correct position based on the exponent, constructs
+/// the floating-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
+/// to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the floating-point
+///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
 
-    let padding = 2 - (padded_hex.len() % 2);
-    if padding != 2 {
-        padded_hex = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_hex;
+pub fn to_float(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let mut mantissa_str = inter_rep.mantissa.to_string();
+
+    // Determine the position to insert the decimal point
+    let mut decimal_pos = mantissa_str.len() as i64 - inter_rep.exponent;
+
+    // Handle cases where the decimal position is before the first digit
+    if decimal_pos <= 0 {
+        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-decimal_pos as usize);
+        mantissa_str = format!("{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str);
+        decimal_pos = 1; // Decimal point will be at the first digit position
     }
 
-    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+    // Convert to &str for split_at
+    let mantissa_str = mantissa_str.as_str();
+
+    // Insert the decimal point
+    let decimal_position = decimal_pos as usize;
+    let (integer_part, fractional_part) = if decimal_position > 0 {
+        mantissa_str.split_at(decimal_position)
+    } else {
+        ("0", mantissa_str)
+    };
 
-    for i in (0..padded_hex.len()).step_by(2) {
-        let byte_str = &padded_hex[i..i + 8];
-        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2){
-            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
-            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
-        }
+    let result = if inter_rep.sign {
+        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    } else {
+        format!("-{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    };
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write string to the file
+        file.write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
     }
-    Ok(vec)
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number and an exponent value,
+/// determines the sign, constructs the mantissa, sets the exponent to the given value, and
+/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `fixed_string` - A string slice containing the fixed-point number to be converted.
+/// * `exp_int` - The exponent value for the fixed-point number.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the fixed-point number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
+pub fn from_fixed(fixed_string: &str, exp_int: i64) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with('-');
+    let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches('-');
 
-pub fn decimal_to_u8_vec(decimal: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
-    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+    let mantissa_string = fixed_trimmed.to_string();
 
-    // Iterate over each character in the decimal string
-    for c in decimal.chars() {
-        // Check if the character is a digit
-        if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {
-            // Convert the digit (u32) to a u8 and push it to the vector
-            vec.push(digit as u8);
-        } else {
-            return Err(format!("Invalid character '{}' in decimal string", c));
-        }
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
+        exponent: exp_int,
     }
-    Ok(vec)
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a fixed-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, computes the scale factor based on
+/// the negative exponent, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt` and multiplies by the scale factor,
+/// constructs the fixed-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
+/// to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the fixed-point
+///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+pub fn to_fixed(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Negate exp
+    let neg_exponent = -inter_rep.exponent;
+
+    // 10^-exp
+    let scale_factor = BigInt::from(10).pow(neg_exponent as u32);
+
+    // Convert mantissa to BigInt
+    let mantissa_bigint = BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa);
+
+    let mantissa_mult = mantissa_bigint * scale_factor;
+
+    // Apply the sign
+    let signed_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        mantissa_mult
+    } else {
+        -mantissa_mult
+    };
+
+    // Handle placement of decimal point
+    let mantissa_str = signed_value.to_string();
+    let mantissa_len = mantissa_str.len();
+    let adjusted_exponent = inter_rep.exponent + mantissa_len as i64;
+
+    let string = if adjusted_exponent <= 0 {
+        // Handle case where the exponent indicates a number less than 1
+        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-adjusted_exponent as usize);
+        format!("0.{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str)
+    } else if adjusted_exponent as usize >= mantissa_len {
+        // Handle case where the exponent is larger than the length of the mantissa
+        format!(
+            "{}{}",
+            mantissa_str,
+            "0".repeat(adjusted_exponent as usize - mantissa_len)
+        )
+    } else {
+        // Normal case
+        let integer_part = &mantissa_str[..adjusted_exponent as usize];
+        let fractional_part = &mantissa_str[adjusted_exponent as usize..];
+        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
+    };
+
+    // Write the result to the file or stdout
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        file.write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to the intermediate representation.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
+/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
+/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `hex_string` - A string slice containing the hexadecimal number to be converted.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
+/// and exponent of the hexadecimal number.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
+
+pub fn from_hex(hex_string: &str, width: usize) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    // Convert the cleaned hexadecimal string to BigUint
+    let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
+        .expect("Invalid hexadecimal string");
+
+    // Determine if the value is negative based on the MSB
+    let sign_bit = BigUint::from(1u64) << (width - 1);
+    let sign = &hex_value & &sign_bit == BigUint::from(0u64);
+
+    let mantissa = if sign {
+        hex_value
+    } else {
+        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
+        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << width;
+        &max_value - &hex_value
+    };
+
+    IntermediateRepresentation {
+        sign,
+        mantissa,
+        exponent: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts the intermediate representation to a hexadecimal string and writes it to a file or stdout.
+///
+/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a hexadecimal string,
+/// applies the sign, and writes the resulting string to the specified file or stdout.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the hexadecimal string
+///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+
+pub fn to_hex(
+    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Apply the sign
+    let hex_value = if inter_rep.sign {
+        inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16)
+    } else {
+        format!("-{}", inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16))
+    };
+
+    // Write the result to the file or stdout
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        file.write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        io::stdout().write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
+        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index 3811f3f74e..f8afa5cee6 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
-//use std::env;
 use argh::FromArgs;
-// use core::num;
-use num_bigint::BigInt;
 use num_bigint::BigUint;
-// use num_traits::sign;
-use num_traits::Num;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::read_to_string;
@@ -12,6 +7,8 @@ use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::stdout;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::str::FromStr;
+mod u8vector;
+mod ir;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
 // Thresholds for using fast-track functions
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ fn convert(
                             hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         } else {
-                            to_binary(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
+                            ir::to_binary(ir::from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
@@ -228,7 +225,7 @@ fn convert(
                             float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         } else {
-                            to_binary(from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
+                            ir::to_binary(ir::from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
@@ -241,7 +238,7 @@ fn convert(
                                 .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                         } else {
                             print!("used intermediate");
-                            to_hex(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            ir::to_hex(ir::from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
@@ -252,20 +249,20 @@ fn convert(
                             binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                         } else {
-                            to_float(from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            ir::to_float(ir::from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 (FileType:: Hex, FileType::Decimal)=>{
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                        to_float(from_hex(line, width), &mut converted)
+                        ir::to_float(ir::from_hex(line, width), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
                 (FileType:: Decimal, FileType::Hex)=>{
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
-                        to_hex(from_float(line), &mut converted)
+                        ir::to_hex(ir::from_float(line), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                     }
                 }
@@ -653,388 +650,3 @@ fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
 
     Ok(())
 }
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a binary number the intermediate representation.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
-/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
-/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
-/// and exponent of the binary number.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
-
-fn from_binary(
-    binary_string: &str,
-    bit_width: usize,
-) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
-
-    let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
-        .expect("Invalid binary string");
-
-    let mantissa = if sign {
-        binary_value
-    } else {
-        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
-        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << bit_width;
-        &max_value - &binary_value
-    };
-
-    IntermediateRepresentation {
-        sign,
-        mantissa,
-        exponent: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts the intermediate representation to a binary string and writes it to a file or stdout.
-///
-/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt`
-/// applying the sign, converts the resulting `BigInt` to a binary string, and writes
-/// the binary string to the specified file or stdout.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the binary string
-///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
-/// * `bit_width` - A number representing the width of each binary number
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-
-fn to_binary(
-    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    bit_width: usize, // Bit width specified by the user
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let inter_value = if inter_rep.sign {
-        BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
-    } else {
-        -BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa)
-    };
-
-    // Convert the value to a binary string
-    let mut binary_str = inter_value.to_str_radix(2);
-
-    // Handle two's complement for negative numbers
-    if inter_value < BigInt::from(0) {
-        let max_value = BigInt::from(1) << bit_width;
-        let two_complement = max_value + inter_value;
-        binary_str = two_complement.to_str_radix(2);
-    }
-
-    // At this point, binary_str should already be at the correct bit width
-    // No padding or truncation is necessary
-
-    // Write to file or stdout
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send {
-        file.write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        std::io::stdout().write_all(binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        std::io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to the intermediate representation.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
-/// splits it into integer and fractional parts, constructs the mantissa,
-/// sets the exponent based on the length of the fractional part, and
-/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `float_string` - A string slice containing the floating-point number to be converted.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
-/// and exponent of the floating-point number.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
-fn from_float(float_string: &str) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = !float_string.starts_with('-');
-    let float_trimmed = float_string.trim_start_matches('-');
-
-    let parts: Vec<&str> = float_trimmed.split('.').collect();
-    let integer_part = parts[0];
-    let fractional_part = if parts.len() > 1 { parts[1] } else { "0" };
-    // Prob not the best way to do this
-    let mantissa_string = format!("{integer_part}{fractional_part}");
-
-    IntermediateRepresentation {
-        sign,
-        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
-        exponent: -(fractional_part.len() as i64),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts the intermediate representation to a floating-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
-///
-/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a string,
-/// inserts the decimal point at the correct position based on the exponent, constructs
-/// the floating-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
-/// to the specified file or stdout.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the floating-point
-///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-
-fn to_float(
-    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let mut mantissa_str = inter_rep.mantissa.to_string();
-
-    // Determine the position to insert the decimal point
-    let mut decimal_pos = mantissa_str.len() as i64 - inter_rep.exponent;
-
-    // Handle cases where the decimal position is before the first digit
-    if decimal_pos <= 0 {
-        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-decimal_pos as usize);
-        mantissa_str = format!("{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str);
-        decimal_pos = 1; // Decimal point will be at the first digit position
-    }
-
-    // Convert to &str for split_at
-    let mantissa_str = mantissa_str.as_str();
-
-    // Insert the decimal point
-    let decimal_position = decimal_pos as usize;
-    let (integer_part, fractional_part) = if decimal_position > 0 {
-        mantissa_str.split_at(decimal_position)
-    } else {
-        ("0", mantissa_str)
-    };
-
-    let result = if inter_rep.sign {
-        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
-    } else {
-        format!("-{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
-    };
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write string to the file
-        file.write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        io::stdout().write_all(result.as_bytes())?;
-        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to the intermediate representation.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number and an exponent value,
-/// determines the sign, constructs the mantissa, sets the exponent to the given value, and
-/// constructs an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `fixed_string` - A string slice containing the fixed-point number to be converted.
-/// * `exp_int` - The exponent value for the fixed-point number.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
-/// and exponent of the fixed-point number.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a number.
-fn from_fixed(fixed_string: &str, exp_int: i64) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = !fixed_string.starts_with('-');
-    let fixed_trimmed = fixed_string.trim_start_matches('-');
-
-    let mantissa_string = fixed_trimmed.to_string();
-
-    IntermediateRepresentation {
-        sign,
-        mantissa: BigUint::from_str(&mantissa_string).expect("Invalid number"),
-        exponent: exp_int,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts the intermediate representation to a fixed-point number string and writes it to a file or stdout.
-///
-/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, computes the scale factor based on
-/// the negative exponent, converts the mantissa to a `BigInt` and multiplies by the scale factor,
-/// constructs the fixed-point number string applying the sign, and writes the resulting string
-/// to the specified file or stdout.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the fixed-point
-///   number string will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-fn to_fixed(
-    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Negate exp
-    let neg_exponent = -inter_rep.exponent;
-
-    // 10^-exp
-    let scale_factor = BigInt::from(10).pow(neg_exponent as u32);
-
-    // Convert mantissa to BigInt
-    let mantissa_bigint = BigInt::from(inter_rep.mantissa);
-
-    let mantissa_mult = mantissa_bigint * scale_factor;
-
-    // Apply the sign
-    let signed_value = if inter_rep.sign {
-        mantissa_mult
-    } else {
-        -mantissa_mult
-    };
-
-    // Handle placement of decimal point
-    let mantissa_str = signed_value.to_string();
-    let mantissa_len = mantissa_str.len();
-    let adjusted_exponent = inter_rep.exponent + mantissa_len as i64;
-
-    let string = if adjusted_exponent <= 0 {
-        // Handle case where the exponent indicates a number less than 1
-        let zero_padding = "0".repeat(-adjusted_exponent as usize);
-        format!("0.{}{}", zero_padding, mantissa_str)
-    } else if adjusted_exponent as usize >= mantissa_len {
-        // Handle case where the exponent is larger than the length of the mantissa
-        format!(
-            "{}{}",
-            mantissa_str,
-            "0".repeat(adjusted_exponent as usize - mantissa_len)
-        )
-    } else {
-        // Normal case
-        let integer_part = &mantissa_str[..adjusted_exponent as usize];
-        let fractional_part = &mantissa_str[adjusted_exponent as usize..];
-        format!("{}.{}", integer_part, fractional_part)
-    };
-
-    // Write the result to the file or stdout
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        file.write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        io::stdout().write_all(string.as_bytes())?;
-        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to the intermediate representation.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
-/// converts it to a `BigUint`, determines the sign, and constructs an
-/// `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa, and exponent.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `hex_string` - A string slice containing the hexadecimal number to be converted.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns an `IntermediateRepresentation` containing the sign, mantissa,
-/// and exponent of the hexadecimal number.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
-
-fn from_hex(hex_string: &str, width: usize, float_or_fixed: NumType) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    // Convert the cleaned hexadecimal string to BigUint
-    let hex_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
-        .expect("Invalid hexadecimal string");
-
-    // Determine if the value is negative based on the MSB
-    let sign_bit = BigUint::from(1u64) << (width - 1);
-    let sign = &hex_value & &sign_bit == BigUint::from(0u64);
-
-    let mantissa = if sign {
-        hex_value
-    } else {
-        // Calculate the two's complement for negative values
-        let max_value = BigUint::from(1u64) << width;
-        &max_value - &hex_value
-    };
-
-    IntermediateRepresentation {
-        sign,
-        mantissa,
-        exponent: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts the intermediate representation to a hexadecimal string and writes it to a file or stdout.
-///
-/// This function takes an `IntermediateRepresentation`, converts the mantissa to a hexadecimal string,
-/// applies the sign, and writes the resulting string to the specified file or stdout.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `inter_rep` - The intermediate representation to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to an optional `File` where the hexadecimal string
-///   will be written. If `None`, the result is written to stdout.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-
-fn to_hex(
-    inter_rep: IntermediateRepresentation,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Apply the sign
-    let hex_value = if inter_rep.sign {
-        inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16)
-    } else {
-        format!("-{}", inter_rep.mantissa.to_str_radix(16))
-    };
-
-    // Write the result to the file or stdout
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        file.write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        io::stdout().write_all(hex_value.as_bytes())?;
-        io::stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/results.txt b/tools/data-conversion/src/results.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40295c0078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/results.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+| Command                     | Mean [s]      | Min [s] | Max [s] | Relative    |
+|-----------------------------|---------------|---------|---------|-------------|
+| Intermediate Representation | 3.607 ± 0.056 | 3.569   | 3.752   | 2.91 ± 0.29 |
+| Float Arithmetic            | 1.323 ± 0.050 | 1.286   | 1.460   | 1.07 ± 0.11 |
+| Bit Slicing                 | 1.239 ± 0.121 | 1.156   | 1.523   | 1.00        |
+
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e4db8d456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+pub fn binary_to_u8_vec(binary: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut padded_binary: String = binary.to_string();
+
+    // If the binary string length is not a multiple of 8, pad it with leading zeros
+    let padding = 8 - (padded_binary.len() % 8);
+    if padding != 8 {
+        padded_binary = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_binary;
+    }
+
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    for i in (0..padded_binary.len()).step_by(8) {
+        let byte_str = &padded_binary[i..i + 8];
+        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2) {
+            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
+            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(vec)
+}
+
+pub fn hex_to_u8_vec(hex: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut padded_hex = hex.to_string();
+
+    let padding = 2 - (padded_hex.len() % 2);
+    if padding != 2 {
+        padded_hex = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_hex;
+    }
+
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    for i in (0..padded_hex.len()).step_by(2) {
+        let byte_str = &padded_hex[i..i + 8];
+        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2){
+            Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
+            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(vec)
+}
+
+
+pub fn decimal_to_u8_vec(decimal: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+
+    // Iterate over each character in the decimal string
+    for c in decimal.chars() {
+        // Check if the character is a digit
+        if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {
+            // Convert the digit (u32) to a u8 and push it to the vector
+            vec.push(digit as u8);
+        } else {
+            return Err(format!("Invalid character '{}' in decimal string", c));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(vec)
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 15f3cb6abb545930a01fd0bced200eb2a2cd72d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Angelica Schell <ams893@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2024 09:01:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] worked on u8 vector -> ir, and edited hex and binary ->
 u8 vector functions

---
 tools/data-conversion/src/fast_track.rs | 361 +++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs         |  18 +-
 tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs       | 399 ++----------------------
 tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs   |  55 ++--
 4 files changed, 430 insertions(+), 403 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/data-conversion/src/fast_track.rs

diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/fast_track.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/fast_track.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..362f6e1092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/fast_track.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::stdout;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+
+/// Formats [to_format] properly for float values
+pub fn format_binary(to_format: u64) -> String {
+    let binary_str = format!("{:064b}", to_format);
+    format!(
+        "{} {} {}",
+        &binary_str[0..1], // Sign bit
+        &binary_str[1..9], // Exponent
+        &binary_str[9..]   // Significand
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn format_hex(to_format: u64) -> String {
+    format!("0x{:X}", to_format)
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to its binary
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
+/// converts it to a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`), then converts this
+/// number to its binary representation. The binary representation is formatted
+/// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `float_string` - A string slice containing the floating-point number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
+///   will be appended.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a floating-point number.
+pub fn float_to_binary(
+    float_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let float_of_string: f64;
+    // Convert string to float
+    match float_string.parse::<f64>() {
+        Ok(parsed_num) => float_of_string = parsed_num,
+        Err(_) => {
+            panic!("Failed to parse float from string")
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Convert float to binary
+    let binary_of_float = float_of_string.to_bits();
+    let formatted_binary_str = format_binary(binary_of_float);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        file.write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to its binary
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
+/// binary representation. The binary representation is formatted as a string
+/// and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `hex_string` - A string slice containing the hexadecimal number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
+///   will be appended.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Error
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
+/// 
+/// This does not differentiate between floating and fixed. It just treats any hex as an integer.
+pub fn hex_to_binary(
+    hex_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Convert hex to binary
+    let binary_of_hex = u64::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
+        .expect("Failed to parse hex string");
+
+    // Format nicely
+    let formatted_binary_str = format!("{:b}", binary_of_hex);
+
+    // Write binary string to the file
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its hexadecimal
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
+/// hexadecimal representation. The hexadecimal representation is formatted
+/// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the hexadecimal representation
+///   will be appended.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
+pub fn binary_to_hex(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let hex_of_binary = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+        .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
+
+    let formatted_hex_str = format_hex(hex_of_binary);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(formatted_hex_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(formatted_hex_str.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its floating-point
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
+/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then interprets this integer as
+/// the binary representation of a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`).
+/// The floating-point representation is formatted as a string and written
+/// to the specified file, followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the floating-point representation
+///   will be appended.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
+pub fn binary_to_float(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let binary_value = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
+        .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
+
+    let formated_float_str = format!("{:?}", binary_value);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(formated_float_str.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(formated_float_str.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to its binary
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number,
+/// multiplies it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent, converts the result
+/// to a 64-bit integer, and then to its binary representation. The binary representation
+/// is formatted as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `fixed_string` - A string slice containing the fixed-point number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
+///   will be appended.
+/// * `exponent` - A floating-point number representing the exponent to be applied in the
+///   conversion process.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a fixed-point number.
+pub fn fixed_to_binary(
+    fixed_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+    exp_int: i64,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Convert fixed value from string to int
+    let fixed_value: f64;
+    match fixed_string.parse::<f64>() {
+        Ok(parsed_num) => fixed_value = parsed_num,
+        Err(_) => {
+            panic!("Bad fixed value input")
+        }
+    }
+
+    //exponent int to float so we can multiply
+    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
+
+    // Exponent math
+    let multiplied_fixed = fixed_value * 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
+
+    // Convert to a 64-bit integer
+    let multiplied_fixed_as_i64 = multiplied_fixed as i64;
+
+    // Convert to a binary string with 64 bits
+    let binary_of_fixed = format!("{:064b}", multiplied_fixed_as_i64);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(binary_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(binary_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its fixed-point
+/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
+///
+/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
+/// converts it to a 64-bit unsigned integer, interprets this integer as
+/// a floating-point number, divides it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent,
+/// and converts the result to its fixed-point representation. The fixed-point
+/// representation is formatted as a string and written to the specified file,
+/// followed by a newline.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
+/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the fixed-point representation
+///   will be appended.
+/// * `exponent` - A floating-point number representing the exponent to be applied in the
+///   conversion process.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
+/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
+pub fn binary_to_fixed(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+    exp_int: i64,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Convert binary value from string to int
+    let binary_value = match u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2) {
+        Ok(parsed_num) => parsed_num,
+        Err(_) => panic!("Bad binary value input"),
+    };
+
+    // Convert to fixed
+    let int_of_binary = binary_value as f64;
+
+    //exponent int to float so we can multiply
+    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
+
+    // Exponent math
+    let divided: f64 = int_of_binary / 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
+
+    let string_of_divided = format!("{:+.8e}", divided);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(string_of_divided.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(string_of_divided.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
+    binary_string: &str,
+    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
+    exp_int: i64,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // Convert binary string to an integer (assuming binary_string is a valid binary representation)
+    let binary_int = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2).unwrap();
+
+    // Adjust the binary point based on the exponent
+    let mut result = binary_int;
+    if exp_int < 0 {
+        // If exponent is negative, shift right (multiply by 2^(-exp_int))
+        result >>= -exp_int as u64;
+    } else {
+        // If exponent is positive, shift left (multiply by 2^(exp_int))
+        result <<= exp_int as u64;
+    }
+
+    // Convert result to a fixed-point decimal representation
+    let fixed_value = result as f64;
+
+    let string_of_fixed = format!("{:.8e}", fixed_value);
+
+    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
+        // Write binary string to the file
+        file.write_all(string_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
+        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
+    } else {
+        stdout().write_all(string_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
+        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
index f800c848dd..c451325102 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/ir.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 
+/// * 'sign' - `true` indicates that the value is negative; `false` indicates that it is positive.
+/// * 'mantissa' - The absolute value represented as an integer without a decimal point.
+/// * 'exponent' - The exponent to apply to the mantissa, where the actual value is calculated as `mantissa * 2^exponent`. The exponent can be negative.
 pub struct IntermediateRepresentation {
-    sign: bool,
-    mantissa: BigUint,
-    exponent: i64,
+    pub sign: bool,
+    pub mantissa: BigUint,
+    pub exponent: i64,
 }
 
 
@@ -36,9 +39,16 @@ pub struct IntermediateRepresentation {
 pub fn from_binary(
     binary_string: &str,
     bit_width: usize,
+    twos_comp: bool,
 ) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
-    let sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
 
+    let sign;
+    if !twos_comp {
+        sign = false;
+    } else{
+        sign = binary_string.starts_with('0');
+    }
+    
     let binary_value = BigUint::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
         .expect("Invalid binary string");
 
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
index f8afa5cee6..1cf257d04d 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/main.rs
@@ -1,33 +1,22 @@
 use argh::FromArgs;
-use num_bigint::BigUint;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fs::read_to_string;
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::stdout;
-use std::io::{self, Write};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 mod u8vector;
 mod ir;
+mod fast_track;
 //cargo run -- --from $PATH1 --to $PATH2 --ftype "from" --totype "to"
 
 // Thresholds for using fast-track functions
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED: usize = 53; //52 bits for the significand (plus 1 implicit bit)b
+// const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FIXED: usize = 53; //52 bits for the significand (plus 1 implicit bit)b
+// const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT: usize = 53;
-const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FIXED_TO_BINARY: usize = 53;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY: usize = 64;
 const FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX: usize = 64;
 
-/// * 'sign' - `true` indicates that the value is negative; `false` indicates that it is positive.
-/// * 'mantissa' - The absolute value represented as an integer without a decimal point.
-/// * 'exponent' - The exponent to apply to the mantissa, where the actual value is calculated as `mantissa * 2^exponent`. The exponent can be negative.
-struct IntermediateRepresentation {
-    sign: bool,
-    mantissa: BigUint,
-    exponent: i64,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct ParseNumTypeError;
 
@@ -137,8 +126,8 @@ struct Arguments {
     #[argh(option)]
     tofile: FileType,
 
-    /// optional exponent for fixed_to_binary -> default is -1
-    #[argh(option, default = "-1")]
+    /// optional exponent for fixed_to_binary -> default is -0
+    #[argh(option, default = "0")]
     exp: i64,
 
     /// optional for fixed_to_binary using bit slicing. If choosen, will use bit slicing.
@@ -151,7 +140,11 @@ struct Arguments {
 
     /// optional flag to force the inter-rep path
     #[argh(switch, short = 'i')]
-    inter: bool
+    inter: bool,
+
+    /// optional flag - when flagged, will not use two's complement for binary
+    #[argh(switch, short = 't')]
+    twos: bool
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -168,6 +161,7 @@ fn main() {
         args.bits,
         args.width,
         args.inter,
+        args.twos
     );
 }
 
@@ -199,6 +193,7 @@ fn convert(
     bits: bool,
     width: usize,
     inter: bool,
+    twos: bool
 ) {
     // Create the output file if filepath_send is Some
     let mut converted: Option<File> = filepath_send
@@ -211,7 +206,7 @@ fn convert(
                 (FileType:: Hex, FileType::Binary) => {
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
                         if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_HEX_TO_BINARY && !inter{
-                            hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                            fast_track::hex_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         } else {
                             ir::to_binary(ir::from_hex(line, width), &mut converted, width)
@@ -222,7 +217,7 @@ fn convert(
                 (FileType:: Decimal, FileType::Binary)=>{
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
                         if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_FLOAT_TO_BINARY && !inter {
-                            float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
+                            fast_track::float_to_binary(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         } else {
                             ir::to_binary(ir::from_float(line), &mut converted, width)
@@ -234,11 +229,11 @@ fn convert(
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
                         print!("used fastpath");
                         if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_HEX && !inter {
-                            binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
+                            fast_track::binary_to_hex(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write hex to file");
                         } else {
                             print!("used intermediate");
-                            ir::to_hex(ir::from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            ir::to_hex(ir::from_binary(line, width, twos), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
@@ -246,10 +241,10 @@ fn convert(
                 (FileType:: Binary, FileType::Decimal)=>{
                     for line in read_to_string(filepath_get).unwrap().lines() {
                         if line.len() <= FAST_TRACK_THRESHOLD_BINARY_TO_FLOAT && !inter {
-                            binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
+                            fast_track::binary_to_float(line, &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write float to file");
                         } else {
-                            ir::to_float(ir::from_binary(line, width), &mut converted)
+                            ir::to_float(ir::from_binary(line, width, twos), &mut converted)
                                 .expect("Failed to write binary to file");
                         }
                     }
@@ -292,361 +287,3 @@ fn convert(
         );
     }
 }
-
-/// Formats [to_format] properly for float values
-fn format_binary(to_format: u64) -> String {
-    let binary_str = format!("{:064b}", to_format);
-    format!(
-        "{} {} {}",
-        &binary_str[0..1], // Sign bit
-        &binary_str[1..9], // Exponent
-        &binary_str[9..]   // Significand
-    )
-}
-
-fn format_hex(to_format: u64) -> String {
-    format!("0x{:X}", to_format)
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a floating-point number to its binary
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a floating-point number,
-/// converts it to a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`), then converts this
-/// number to its binary representation. The binary representation is formatted
-/// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `float_string` - A string slice containing the floating-point number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
-///   will be appended.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a floating-point number.
-fn float_to_binary(
-    float_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let float_of_string: f64;
-    // Convert string to float
-    match float_string.parse::<f64>() {
-        Ok(parsed_num) => float_of_string = parsed_num,
-        Err(_) => {
-            panic!("Failed to parse float from string")
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Convert float to binary
-    let binary_of_float = float_of_string.to_bits();
-    let formatted_binary_str = format_binary(binary_of_float);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        file.write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a hexadecimal number to its binary
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a hexadecimal number,
-/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
-/// binary representation. The binary representation is formatted as a string
-/// and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `hex_string` - A string slice containing the hexadecimal number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
-///   will be appended.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Error
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a hexadecimal number.
-/// 
-/// This does not differentiate between floating and fixed. It just treats any hex as an integer.
-fn hex_to_binary(
-    hex_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Convert hex to binary
-    let binary_of_hex = u64::from_str_radix(hex_string, 16)
-        .expect("Failed to parse hex string");
-
-    // Format nicely
-    let formatted_binary_str = format!("{:b}", binary_of_hex);
-
-    // Write binary string to the file
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(formatted_binary_str.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its hexadecimal
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then converts this number to its
-/// hexadecimal representation. The hexadecimal representation is formatted
-/// as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the hexadecimal representation
-///   will be appended.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
-fn binary_to_hex(
-    binary_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let hex_of_binary = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
-        .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
-
-    let formatted_hex_str = format_hex(hex_of_binary);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(formatted_hex_str.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(formatted_hex_str.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its floating-point
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 64-bit integer (`u64`), then interprets this integer as
-/// the binary representation of a 64-bit floating-point number (`f64`).
-/// The floating-point representation is formatted as a string and written
-/// to the specified file, followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the floating-point representation
-///   will be appended.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
-fn binary_to_float(
-    binary_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let binary_value = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2)
-        .expect("Failed to parse binary string");
-
-    let formated_float_str = format!("{:?}", binary_value);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(formated_float_str.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(formated_float_str.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a fixed-point number to its binary
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a fixed-point number,
-/// multiplies it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent, converts the result
-/// to a 64-bit integer, and then to its binary representation. The binary representation
-/// is formatted as a string and written to the specified file, followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `fixed_string` - A string slice containing the fixed-point number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the binary representation
-///   will be appended.
-/// * `exponent` - A floating-point number representing the exponent to be applied in the
-///   conversion process.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a fixed-point number.
-fn fixed_to_binary(
-    fixed_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i64,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Convert fixed value from string to int
-    let fixed_value: f64;
-    match fixed_string.parse::<f64>() {
-        Ok(parsed_num) => fixed_value = parsed_num,
-        Err(_) => {
-            panic!("Bad fixed value input")
-        }
-    }
-
-    //exponent int to float so we can multiply
-    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
-
-    // Exponent math
-    let multiplied_fixed = fixed_value * 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
-
-    // Convert to a 64-bit integer
-    let multiplied_fixed_as_i64 = multiplied_fixed as i64;
-
-    // Convert to a binary string with 64 bits
-    let binary_of_fixed = format!("{:064b}", multiplied_fixed_as_i64);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(binary_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(binary_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Converts a string representation of a binary number to its fixed-point
-/// format and appends the result to the specified file.
-///
-/// This function takes a string slice representing a binary number,
-/// converts it to a 64-bit unsigned integer, interprets this integer as
-/// a floating-point number, divides it by 2 raised to the power of the negative exponent,
-/// and converts the result to its fixed-point representation. The fixed-point
-/// representation is formatted as a string and written to the specified file,
-/// followed by a newline.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `binary_string` - A string slice containing the binary number to be converted.
-/// * `filepath_send` - A mutable reference to a `File` where the fixed-point representation
-///   will be appended.
-/// * `exponent` - A floating-point number representing the exponent to be applied in the
-///   conversion process.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// This function returns a `std::io::Result<()>` which is `Ok` if the operation
-/// is successful, or an `Err` if an I/O error occurs while writing to the file.
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// This function will panic if the input string cannot be parsed as a binary number.
-fn binary_to_fixed(
-    binary_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i64,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Convert binary value from string to int
-    let binary_value = match u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2) {
-        Ok(parsed_num) => parsed_num,
-        Err(_) => panic!("Bad binary value input"),
-    };
-
-    // Convert to fixed
-    let int_of_binary = binary_value as f64;
-
-    //exponent int to float so we can multiply
-    let exponent = exp_int as f64;
-
-    // Exponent math
-    let divided: f64 = int_of_binary / 2_f64.powf(-exponent);
-
-    let string_of_divided = format!("{:+.8e}", divided);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(string_of_divided.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(string_of_divided.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn binary_to_fixed_bit_slice(
-    binary_string: &str,
-    filepath_send: &mut Option<File>,
-    exp_int: i64,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    // Convert binary string to an integer (assuming binary_string is a valid binary representation)
-    let binary_int = u64::from_str_radix(binary_string, 2).unwrap();
-
-    // Adjust the binary point based on the exponent
-    let mut result = binary_int;
-    if exp_int < 0 {
-        // If exponent is negative, shift right (multiply by 2^(-exp_int))
-        result >>= -exp_int as u64;
-    } else {
-        // If exponent is positive, shift left (multiply by 2^(exp_int))
-        result <<= exp_int as u64;
-    }
-
-    // Convert result to a fixed-point decimal representation
-    let fixed_value = result as f64;
-
-    let string_of_fixed = format!("{:.8e}", fixed_value);
-
-    if let Some(file) = filepath_send.as_mut() {
-        // Write binary string to the file
-        file.write_all(string_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
-        file.write_all(b"\n")?;
-    } else {
-        stdout().write_all(string_of_fixed.as_bytes())?;
-        stdout().write_all(b"\n")?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs b/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs
index 1e4db8d456..3083ce3614 100644
--- a/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs
+++ b/tools/data-conversion/src/u8vector.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+use crate::ir::IntermediateRepresentation;
+use num_bigint::{BigUint, BigInt};
+
 pub fn binary_to_u8_vec(binary: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
-    let mut padded_binary: String = binary.to_string();
+    let mut padded_binary = binary.to_string();
 
-    // If the binary string length is not a multiple of 8, pad it with leading zeros
+    // If the binary string length is not a multiple of 8, pad with the most significant bit
     let padding = 8 - (padded_binary.len() % 8);
     if padding != 8 {
-        padded_binary = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_binary;
+        let msb = &padded_binary[0..1]; // Get the most significant bit
+        padded_binary = msb.repeat(padding) + &padded_binary; // Pad with the MSB
     }
 
     let mut vec = Vec::new();
@@ -20,39 +24,54 @@ pub fn binary_to_u8_vec(binary: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
     Ok(vec)
 }
 
+
 pub fn hex_to_u8_vec(hex: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
     let mut padded_hex = hex.to_string();
 
+    // If the hex string length is not a multiple of 2, pad with the most significant nibble
     let padding = 2 - (padded_hex.len() % 2);
     if padding != 2 {
-        padded_hex = "0".repeat(padding) + &padded_hex;
+        let msb = &padded_hex[0..1]; // Get the most significant nibble
+        padded_hex = msb.repeat(padding) + &padded_hex; // Pad with the MSB
     }
 
     let mut vec = Vec::new();
 
     for i in (0..padded_hex.len()).step_by(2) {
-        let byte_str = &padded_hex[i..i + 8];
-        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 2){
+        let byte_str = &padded_hex[i..i + 2]; // Fixed to extract two hex digits
+        match u8::from_str_radix(byte_str, 16) {
             Ok(byte) => vec.push(byte),
-            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid binary string")),
+            Err(_) => return Err(String::from("Invalid hex string")),
         }
     }
     Ok(vec)
 }
 
 
-pub fn decimal_to_u8_vec(decimal: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
-    let mut vec = Vec::new();
 
-    // Iterate over each character in the decimal string
-    for c in decimal.chars() {
-        // Check if the character is a digit
-        if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {
-            // Convert the digit (u32) to a u8 and push it to the vector
-            vec.push(digit as u8);
-        } else {
-            return Err(format!("Invalid character '{}' in decimal string", c));
+pub fn u8_to_ir(vector: Result<Vec<u8>, String>, exponent: i64) -> IntermediateRepresentation {
+    match vector {
+        Ok(vec) => {
+            // Check if the MSB of the first byte is 1
+            let is_negative = (vec[0] & 0b10000000) != 0; 
+
+            let mantissa = if is_negative {
+                // Convert the Vec<u8> to a two's complement BigInt, then get its absolute value
+                let bigint = BigInt::from_signed_bytes_be(&vec);
+                bigint.magnitude().clone() // absolute value 
+            } else {
+                BigUint::from_bytes_be(&vec)
+            };
+
+            IntermediateRepresentation {
+                sign: is_negative,
+                mantissa,
+                exponent,
+            }
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            // Handle the error case, for example by panicking or returning a default value.
+            panic!("Failed to convert: {}", e);
         }
     }
-    Ok(vec)
 }
\ No newline at end of file