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tlm - "Top-level Makefile" for Couchbase Server

This repository contains a number of tools and scripts for building Couchbase Server. The main interesting part is the top-level CMakeLists.txt, which is the entry point for a complete Server build. There are also a number of utility CMake libraries in cmake/Modules.

Build via docker images (Linux)

There are two handy scripts located in scripts I would strongly recommend:

create-builder - Create a docker image named builder
enter-builder  - Start a shell in the current directory inside the builder

I would recommend copying these scripts somewhere in your path, and update them to match your preference (like limit the amount of CPU or memory the container may user). create-builder will forward the ports used by the Couchbase server to the docker container (so that you may run the server from within the container). If you plan to run it outside the container you should remove the port mapping.

With these scripts installed (in path) building the system is as simple as:

trond@ok:~$ mkdir -p Couchbase
trond@ok:~$ cd Couchbase
trond@ok:~/Couchbase$ repo init -u ssh://[email protected]/couchbase/manifest -m branch-master.xml -g all --quiet
trond@ok:~/Couchbase$ repo sync -j 8 --quiet
trond@couchbase:~/Couchbase$ create-builder
38da6dbbb80d0d5daba59678f6909facf505912697085d1abdd40b598b64277e
trond@couchbase:~/Couchbase$ enter-builder
bash-4.2$ pwd
/home/trond/Couchbase
bash-4.2$ ./Build.sh
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 13.2.0
[... cut ...]
-- Installing: /home/trond/Couchbase/install/bin/cbsummary
-- Installing: /home/trond/Couchbase/install/lib/python/cbupgrade
-- Installing: /home/trond/Couchbase/install/bin/cbupgrade
bash-4.2$ cd install/bin/
bash-4.2$ ./couchbase-server
Erlang/OTP 25 [erts-13.2.2.3] [source-15104f9619] [64-bit] [smp:8:8] [ds:8:8:10] [async-threads:16] [jit:ns]

Eshell V13.2.2.3  (abort with ^G)
([email protected])1>

And you should be able to connect your web browser to port 8091 on the machine and start configuring the node.

Software requirements

  • C/C++ compiler; one of:
    • gcc 13.2 or newer
    • Visual Studio 2022 or newer
    • Xcode
    • clang
  • CMake 3.23 or newer
  • Google repo (in order to fetch the source code)
  • Ninja build
  • ccache may speed up the development cycle when clang / gcc is used

Requirements on Windows

In addition to Visual Studio, gcc must be installed and on the PATH for building some of the Go language tools. We use a recent version of MinGW for this.

Couchbase uses Google repo to stitch together all of the individual git repositories. Repo is implemented in python, but it's unfortunately using features not available on python for windows. We use a modified version of repo from http://github.com/esrlabs/git-repo.

It is important to set the git config option core.longpaths to true.

In general it is quite challenging to get a Windows box configured perfectly for building Couchbase Server. If you are familiar with Ansible, it may be useful to look at the Ansible scripts we use to configure our build VMs. They are available here: https://github.com/couchbase/build-infra/tree/master/ansible/windows/couchbase-server/window2016

How to build

Couchbase utilizes CMake in order to provide build support for a wide range of platforms. Internal builds of Couchbase (and hence what we test) use Ninja. Other systems may however work, but you're pretty much on your own if you try to use them.

Simple build (Linux and MacOS)

If you just want to build Couchbase and without any special configuration, you may use the Build.sh script we supplied for your convenience:

trond@ok > mkdir source
trond@ok > cd source
trond@ok source> repo init -u https://github.com/couchbase/manifest -m branch-master.xml
trond@ok source> repo sync
trond@ok source> ./Build.sh

This would install the build software in a subdirectory named install. Build.sh accepts a limited set of options which may be used to "tweak" your build:

-s source_root  Source directory (default: current working directory (aka cwd))
-b build_root   Build directory (default: <cwd>/build)
-i install_root Install directory (default: <cwd>/install)
-X              Set Mac platform to x86_64 (Only needed when
                building on Mac running arm64)
-T              Enable thread sanitizer
-A              Enable address sanitizer
-U              Enable undefined behavior sanitizer
-R              Set build type to RelWithDebInfo

Build.sh respects the following environment variables:

  • CB_PARALLEL_LINK_JOBS The number of link jobs to run in parallel. Due to static linking (and C++) each link process may consume a lot of memory (I've seen it go beyond 1GB). The default is set to two link steps in parallel.
  • EXTRA_CMAKE_OPTIONS Extra options you would like to pass on to cmake.
  • CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE By default it produce a DebugOptimized build; this may be set to Debug, DebugOptimized, Release, RelWithDebInfo or MinSizeRel.

Simple build (Windows)

The build is not optimized for Windows, but the following steps should work. Start with the same "repo init" and "repo sync" steps as above, then run:

tlm\win32\environment.bat
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -G Ninja -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=cl -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=cl -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo ..
ninja install

Running Couchbase Server locally

Instructions to run Couchbase Server locally (for development) are provided in the ns_server repo.

Specifying what to build

The default build target if not explicitly specified is all - this builds all binaries required for the shipping product. This is sufficient to run Couchbase Server itself, but doesn't include unit test / benchmark binaries etc.

The following additional targets are available:

  • everything : Builds both production binaries, along with unit tests, benchmarks etc for all subprojects.
  • install : Standard CMake target; builds all production binaries and installs them to CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX.
  • test : Run all the unit tests
  • <PROJECT>_everything : Builds all binaries for the specific project, e.g platform_everything.
  • <PROJECT>/test : Run all the unit tests for the specific project.

cbbackupmgr, cbimport and cbexport

Please note that the Community Edition packages on couchbase.com contain cbbackupmgr, cbimport and cbexport. They will not be built when compiling from source as the source code is private. As well as not having these programs the sample buckets cannot be loaded as it uses cbimport. To workaround this issue cbbackupmgr, cbimport and cbexport can be copied from the Community Edition binaries.

End of the basic build information

The remainder of this document covers certain special cases for building Couchbase Server. You likely will not be interested in anything beyond this point unless you work for Couchbase and have specific development issues to work on.

"Best" Developer experience

If you're building Couchbase Server more than just a one-off, there are a few modifications you can make to make your life easier and speed up your compile-edit-debug cycle.

Use a non-optimised build type - e.g. DebugOptimized. This is around 2x faster to compile, and also improves debuggability over the default RelWithDebInfo build type. Note it does produce slower code, so this isn't suitable if you're doing any performance measuremnts.

Another tip would be to put the following in your ~/.profile file:

export CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
export CB_PARALLEL_LINK_JOBS=4

And cmake would use Ninja by default if it is available on your system so that you no longer need to pass -G Ninja and -D CB_PARALLEL_LINK_JOBS=4 every time you want to run cmake.

Tips for people transitioning from make

  • Ninja can build specific targets just like make, simply specify the name of the target as you would with make:
ninja memcached
  • Ninja can also build only a single project of the tree (like make), however the syntax is a bit different - instead of changing into the subdirectory and running make, you always run Ninja from the toplevel build dir, but specify <project>/all as the target - for example:
ninja kv_engine/all
  • Similary to just compile and install a single project specify <project>/install as the target to build:
ninja couchstore/install
  • You only have to explicitly run CMake (cmake -G Ninja ...) the first time a build directory is setup, after then you just need to invoke ninja to build whatever has changed. This includes both local changes and if you pull new code from git. Ninja will automagically invoke CMake if necessary (for example if source files have been added / removed).

Customize your builds

CMake offers a wide range of customizations, and this chapter won't try to cover all of them. There is plenty of documentation available on the webpage.

There is no point of trying to keep a list of all tunables in this document. To find the tunables you have two options: look in cmake/Modules/*.cmake or you may look in the cache file generated during a normal build (see build/CMakeCache.txt)

There are two ways to customize your own builds. You can do it all by yourself by passing the options via -D KEY=VALUE as part of invoking cmake directly:

trond@ok build> cmake -D KEY=VALUE <path_to_source>

Or pass extra options to the convenience Build.sh script provided:

trond@ok source> EXTRA_CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D KEY=VALYE" ./Build.sh

Static Analysis

There are pre-canned build rules to allow you to run the Clang Static Analyzer against the Couchbase codebase.

So far this has only been tested on OS X, using Clang shipping as part of OS X Developer Tools. It should be possible to also run on other platforms which Clang/LLVM is available, however this isn't tested.

Prerequisites

  • Install clang (from OS X Developer Tools). If you can build from source you should already have this :)
  • Download and extract clang Static Analyzer tools (from clang-analyzer.llvm.org). Note that while the actual analyzer functionality is built into clang, this is needed for scan-build and scan-view tools to invoke and display the analyser results.

Running

  • Add scan-build and scan-view to your path:

     export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/scan-build

  • Run make analyze at the top-level to configure clang-analyser as the 'compiler':

     make analyze

  • At the end you will see a message similar to the following - Invoke the specified command to browse the found bugs:

     scan-build: 31 bugs found.
 scan-build: Run 'scan-view /source/build-analyzer/analyser-results/2014-06-05-173247-52416-1' to examine bug reports.

Address / Thread / UndefinedBehavior Sanitizers

There are pre-canned build rules to allow you to build with ThreadSanitizer to detect threading issues, AddressSanitizer to detect memory errors, or UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer to detect undefined behavior.

Prerequities

  • A compiler which supports Address / Thread / UndefinedBehavior Sanitizer. Recent version of Clang (3.2+) or GCC (4.8+) are claimed to work. Currently automatied tests use GCC 7 / Clang 3.9.

Running

  • Ensure that the compiler supporting *Sanitizer is chosen by CMake. If it's the system default compiler there is nothing to do; otherwise you will need to set both CC and CXX environment variables to point to the C / C++ compiler before calling the build system.

  • Pass the variable CB_THREADSANITIZER=1 / CB_ADDRESSSANITIZER=1 / CB_UNDEFINEDSANITIZER=1 to CMake.

ThreadSanitizer one liner for a Ubuntu-based system where Clang isn't the default system compiler:

    CC=clang CXX=clang++ make EXTRA_CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D CB_THREADSANITIZER=1"

and for AddressSanitizer:

    CC=clang CXX=clang++ make EXTRA_CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D CB_ADDRESSSANITIZER=1"

similary for UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer:

    CC=clang CXX=clang++ make EXTRA_CMAKE_OPTIONS="-D CB_UNDEFINEDSANITIZER=1"
  • Run one or more tests. Any issues will be reported (to stderr by default).

Customizing Address / Thread / UndefinedBehavior Sanitizer

See cmake/Modules/CouchbaseThreadSanitizer.cmake CMake fragment for how ThreadSanizer is configured.

See the TSAN_OPTIONS environment variable (documented on the ThreadSanitizer Flags wiki page) for more information on configuring.

Similarly for AddressSanitizer / UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer see cmake/Modules/CouchbaseAddressSanitizer.cmake or cmake/Modules/CouchbassUndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.cmake, and the ASAN_OPTIONS / UBSAN_OPTIONS environment variable (documented on the AddressSanitizer Flags wiki page) for details..