Before you dive into Matrix Exponentiation, it is recommended you understand the real idea behind Binary Exponentiation first.
Brush up tutorial on Binary Exponentiation
Video Tutorial on Binary Exponentiation
Now, we may approach the concept of Matrix Exponentiation which you can basically think of as an extension of Binary Exponentiation to constructs that are more complex that numbers: Matrices.
Tutorial on Matrix Exponentiation
Another Tutorial on Matrix Exponentiation
Here are some links to practice Matrix Exponentiation problems: