1994.html

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<p><a name="csdl-93-09"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Experiences with EGRET: An exploratory group work environment.
 <em>Collaborative Computing</em>, 1(1), January 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="ftp://ftp.ics.hawaii.edu/pub/tr/ics-tr-93-18.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Exploratory collaboration occurs in domains where the structure and process
of group work evolves as an intrinsic part of the collaborative activity.
Traditional database and hypertext structural models do not provide
explicit support for collaborative exploration.  EGRET is an implemented
environment for the development of domain-specific collaborative systems
that defines a novel data and a process model along with services for
exploratory collaboration.  To accomplish this, EGRET departs from
traditional notions of the relationship between schema and instance
structure.  In EGRET, schema structure is viewed as a representation of the
current state of consensus among collaborators, from which instance
structure is allowed to depart in a controlled fashion.  To provide such
exploratory services in a responsive interactive environment, EGRET
implements specialized architectural mechanisms. This paper presents the
concepts and implications of exploratory collaboration, followed by the
design and implementation of EGRET.  The paper concludes with our results
to date, which demonstrate that EGRET succeeds in providing useful services
for exploratory collaboration, through interesting technical and cultural
issues remain to be addressed before exploratory collaboration can become
commonplace in CSCW systems.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-93-13"></a>

Robert&nbsp;S. Brewer and Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Collaborative classification and evaluation of usenet.
 Technical Report CSDL-93-13, Department of Information and Computer
  Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, January 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1993/93-13/93-13.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Usenet is an example of the potential and problems of the nascent National
  Information Infrastructure. While Usenet makes an enormous amount of useful
  information available to its users, the daily data overwhelms any user who
  tries to read more than a fraction of it. This paper presents a
  collaboration-oriented approach to information classification and
  evaluation for very large, dynamic database structures such as Usenet. Our
  approach is implemented in a system called URN, a multi-user,
  collaborative, hypertextual Usenet reader.  We show that this collaborative
  method, coupled with an adaptive interface, radically improves the overall
  relevance level of information presented to a user.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-93-14"></a>

Dadong Wan.
 <em>CLARE: A Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environment
  Based on the Thematic Structure of Scientific Text</em>.
 Ph.D. thesis, University of Hawaii, Department of Information and
  Computer Sciences, May 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="ftp://ftp.ics.hawaii.edu/pub/tr/ics-tr-93-14.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
This dissertation presents a computer-based collaborative learning
environment, called CLARE, that is based on the theory of learning as
collaborative knowledge building. It addresses the question, "what can a
computer do for a group of learners beyond helping them share information?"

CLARE differs from virtual classrooms and hypermedia systems in three ways.
First, CLARE is grounded on the theory of meaningful learning, which
focuses the role of meta-knowledge in human learning.  Instead of merely
allowing learners to share information, CLARE provides an explicit
meta-cognitive framework, called RESRA, to help learners interpret
information and build knowledge. Second, CLARE defines a new group process,
called SECAI, that guides learners to systematically analyze, relate, and
discuss scientific text through a set of structured steps: summarization,
evaluation, comparison, argumentation, and integration.  Third, CLARE
provides a fine-grained, non-obtrusive instrumentation mechanism that
keeps track of the usage process of its users. Such data forms an important
source of feedback for enhancing the system and a basis for rigorously
studying collaboration learning behaviors of CLARE users.

CLARE was evaluated through sixteen usage sessions involving six groups of
students from two classes.  The experiments consist of a total of about 300
hours of usage and over 80,000 timestamps.  The survey shows that about 70of learners think that CLARE provides a novel way of understanding
scientific text, and about 80novel way of understanding their peers' perspectives.  The analysis of the
CLARE database and the process data also reveals that learners differ
greatly in theirinterpretations of RESRA, strategies for comprehending the
online text, and understanding of the selected artifact. It also found
that, despite the large amount of time spent on summarization, up to 66these learners often fail to correctly represent important features of
scientific text and the relationships between those features.  Implications
of these findings at the design, empirical, and pedagogical levels are
discussed.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-93-17"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 An instrumented approach to improving software quality through formal
  technical review.
 In <em>Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Software
  Engineering</em>, May 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1993/93-17/93-17.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Formal technical review (FTR) is an essential
   component of all software quality assessment, assurance, and
   improvement techniques.  However, current FTR practice leads to
   significant expense, clerical overhead, group process obstacles, and
   research methodology problems.

   CSRS is an instrumented, computer-supported cooperative work
   environment for formal technical review.  CSRS addresses problems in
   the practice of FTR by providing computer support for both the
   process and products of FTR.  CSRS also addresses problems in
   research on FTR through instrumentation supporting fine-grained, high
   quality data collection and analysis.  This paper describes CSRS, a
   computer-mediated review method called FTArm, and selected findings
   from their use to explore issues in formal technical review.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-93-21"></a>

Dadong Wan and Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Computer-supported collaborative learning using CLARE: the approach
  and experimental findings.
 In <em>Proceedings of the 1994 ACM Conference on Computer
  Supported Cooperative Work</em>, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1993/93-21/93-21.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Current collaborative learning systems focus on maximizing shared
  information. However, &ldquo;meaningful learning&rdquo; is not simply information
  sharing but, more importantly, knowledge construction.  CLARE is a
  computer-supported learning environment that facilitates meaningful
  learning through collaborative knowledge construction. CLARE provides a
  semi-formal representation language called RESRA and an explicit
  process model called SECAI. Experimental evaluation through 300 hours
  of classroom usage indicates that CLARE does support meaningful
  learning, and that a major bottleneck to computer-mediated knowledge
  construction is summarization.  Lessons learned through the design and
  evaluation of CLARE provide new insights into both collaborative
  learning systems and collaborative learning theories.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-93-23"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Report on the 1993 ECSCW tools and technologies workshop.
 In <em>SIGOIS Bulletin</em>, April 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1993/93-23/93-23.text">http</a>&nbsp;]

</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-02"></a>

Robert&nbsp;S. Brewer and Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Toward collaborative knowledge management within large, dynamically
  structured information systems.
 Technical Report CSDL-94-02, Department of Information and Computer
  Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, January 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-02/jmis.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Usenet is an example of the potential and problems of the nascent
National Information Infrastructure. While Usenet makes an enormous
amount of useful information available to its users, the daily data
overwhelms any user who tries to read more than a fraction of it. This
paper presents a collaboration-oriented approach to knowledge
management and evaluation for very large, dynamic database structures
such as Usenet. Our approach is implemented in a system called URN, a
multi-user, collaborative, hypertextual Usenet reader.  Empirical
evaluation of this system demonstrates that this collaborative method,
coupled with an adaptive interface, improves the overall relevance
level of information presented to a user.  Finally, the design of this
system provides important insights into general collaborative knowledge
management mechanisms for very large, dynamically structured database
systems such as Usenet and the upcoming Information Superhighway.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-03"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Supporting technology transfer of formal technical review through a
  computer supported collaborative review system.
 In <em>Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
  Software Quality</em>, Reston, VA., October 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-03/94-03.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Formal technical review (FTR) is an essential component of all
   modern software quality assessment, assurance, and improvement techniques,
   and is acknowledged to be the most cost-effective form of quality
   improvement when practiced effectively.  However, traditional FTR
   methods such as inspection are very difficult to adopt
   in organizations: they introduce substantial new up-front
   costs, training, overhead, and group process obstacles.  Sustained
   commitment from high-level management along with substantial
   resources is often necessary for successful technology transfer of
   FTR.

   Since 1991, we have been designing and evaluating a series of
   versions of a system called CSRS: an instrumented, computer-supported
   cooperative work environment for formal technical review.  The
   current version of CSRS includes an FTR method definition language,
   which allows organizations to design their own FTR method, and to
   evolve it over time. This paper describes how our approach to
   computer supported FTR can address some of the issues in technology
   transfer of FTR.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-04"></a>

Dadong Wan and Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Experiences with CLARE: a computer-supported collaborative learning
  environment.
 <em>International Journal of Human-Computer Systems</em>, 41:851-879,
  December 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="ftp://ftp.ics.hawaii.edu/pub/tr/ics-tr-94-04.pdf">.pdf</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Current collaborative learning systems focus on maximizing shared
  information. However, &ldquo;meaningful learning&rdquo; is not simply information
  sharing but also knowledge construction.  CLARE is a computer-supported
  learning environment that facilitates meaningful learning through
  collaborative knowledge construction. It provides a semi-formal
  representation language called RESRA and an explicit process model
  called SECAI. Experimental evaluation through 300 hours of classroom
  usage indicates that CLARE does support meaningful learning. It also
  shows that a major bottleneck to computer-mediated knowledge
  construction is summarization.  Lessons learned through the design and
  evaluation of CLARE provide new insights into both collaborative
  learning systems and collaborative learning theories.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-06"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 The Annotated Egret.
 Technical Report CSDL-94-06, Department of Information and Computer
  Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, June 1994.

</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-07"></a>

Danu Tjahjono.
 Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of formal technical review factors.
 Ph.D. Dissertation Proposal CSDL-94-07, Department of Information
  and Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, June
  1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-07/revised-proposal.ps">.ps</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
The importance and benefits of formal technical review (FTR) as a
method to improve software quality have
been well documented, and yet there is a proliferation of the methods in
practice with varying degrees of success. Worse, the same methods are
often practiced inconsistently and the contribution of various review
factors on review outcomes is also not currently understood.

This research proposes a new approach to assess and study the
cost-effectiveness of various review factors. Our basic approach is to
first develop a framework that allows one to classify the similarities
and differences of existing FTR methods from the perspective of their
review processes.
Specifically, the framework looks into important review factors that
characterize a review process, such as the objective of a particular
phase within the review process, the interaction mode among review
participants and the technique being used during the phase.

Second, we will
develop a computer assisted review system, namely, CSRS version 3.0,
that can be used as an experimental testbed for empirically evaluating
different FTR factors that may impact the methods.
Finally, we will design a control experiment to answer an important
initial question concerning the cost-effectiveness of three different
examination techniques commonly used in existing FTR methods: free
review technique, selective test cases technique and stepwise
verification technique.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-09"></a>

Rosemary Andrada.
 Redefining the web: Creating a computer network community.
 M.S. Thesis Proposal CSDL-94-09, Department of Information and
  Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, December
  1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-09/www.ps">.ps</a>&nbsp;]
<blockquote><font size="-1">
Organizations are formed to accomplish a goal or mission, where
  individual members do their part and make a combined effort leading
  toward this goal.  As the organization grows in size, the level of
  community inevitably deteriorates.

  This research will investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a
  computer-based approach to improving the sense of community within one
  organization, the Department of Computer Science at the University of
  Hawaii.  We will assess the current level of community by administering
  a questionnaire to members of the department.  Next, we will introduce
  a World Wide Web information system for and about the department in an
  effort to impact the level of community that exists.  We will then
  administer another questionnaire to assess the level of community
  within the department after a period of use with the information
  system.  We will analyze the results of both questionnaires and usage
  statistics logged by the system.
</font></blockquote>
<p>
</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-13"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 ECS design reference.
 Technical Report CSDL-94-13, Department of Information and Computer
  Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, January 1994.

</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-15"></a>

Philip&nbsp;M. Johnson.
 Collaboration in the small vs. collaboration in the large.
 In <em>Proceedings of the 1994 CSCW Workshop on Software
  Architectures for Cooperative Systems</em>, Chapel Hill, N.C., October 1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-15/citl.ps">.ps</a>&nbsp;]

</p>

<p><a name="csdl-94-16"></a>

Carleton&nbsp;A. Moore.
 Supporting authoring and learning in a collaborative hypertext
  system: The Annotated Egret Navigator.
 M.S. Thesis Proposal CSDL-94-16, Department of Information and
  Computer Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, December
  1994.
[&nbsp;<a href="http://csdl.ics.hawaii.edu/techreports/1994/94-16/objective.ps">.ps</a>&nbsp;]

</p>