diff --git a/lib/rules/bypass.json b/lib/rules/bypass.json
index 66eeed206a..286ae3e692 100644
--- a/lib/rules/bypass.json
+++ b/lib/rules/bypass.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "bypass",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "pageLevel": true,
   "matches": "bypass-matches",
   "reviewOnFail": true,
diff --git a/lib/rules/css-orientation-lock.json b/lib/rules/css-orientation-lock.json
index ed7f7e6cb6..3061e29e01 100644
--- a/lib/rules/css-orientation-lock.json
+++ b/lib/rules/css-orientation-lock.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "css-orientation-lock",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "tags": [
     "cat.structure",
     "wcag134",
diff --git a/lib/rules/document-title.json b/lib/rules/document-title.json
index d540894cbd..27f888adbd 100644
--- a/lib/rules/document-title.json
+++ b/lib/rules/document-title.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "document-title",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "matches": "is-initiator-matches",
   "tags": [
     "cat.text-alternatives",
diff --git a/lib/rules/frame-focusable-content.json b/lib/rules/frame-focusable-content.json
index adff77b98a..f646e9a141 100644
--- a/lib/rules/frame-focusable-content.json
+++ b/lib/rules/frame-focusable-content.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "frame-focusable-content",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "matches": "frame-focusable-content-matches",
   "tags": [
     "cat.keyboard",
diff --git a/lib/rules/frame-tested.json b/lib/rules/frame-tested.json
index c844258d0f..4b3d705cb3 100644
--- a/lib/rules/frame-tested.json
+++ b/lib/rules/frame-tested.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "frame-tested",
   "impact": "critical",
-  "selector": "html, frame, iframe",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *), frame, iframe",
   "tags": ["cat.structure", "best-practice", "review-item"],
   "metadata": {
     "description": "Ensure <iframe> and <frame> elements contain the axe-core script",
diff --git a/lib/rules/html-has-lang.json b/lib/rules/html-has-lang.json
index e85c4ff98a..a1ece04b40 100644
--- a/lib/rules/html-has-lang.json
+++ b/lib/rules/html-has-lang.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "html-has-lang",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "matches": "is-initiator-matches",
   "tags": [
     "cat.language",
diff --git a/lib/rules/html-lang-valid.json b/lib/rules/html-lang-valid.json
index 3245ef4c62..01d40116a3 100644
--- a/lib/rules/html-lang-valid.json
+++ b/lib/rules/html-lang-valid.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "html-lang-valid",
   "impact": "serious",
-  "selector": "html[lang]:not([lang=\"\"]), html[xml\\:lang]:not([xml\\:lang=\"\"])",
+  "selector": "html[lang]:not([lang=\"\"]):not(html *), html[xml\\:lang]:not([xml\\:lang=\"\"]):not(html *)",
   "tags": [
     "cat.language",
     "wcag2a",
diff --git a/lib/rules/html-xml-lang-mismatch.json b/lib/rules/html-xml-lang-mismatch.json
index 6003e1247b..b656ad2a0d 100644
--- a/lib/rules/html-xml-lang-mismatch.json
+++ b/lib/rules/html-xml-lang-mismatch.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "html-xml-lang-mismatch",
   "impact": "moderate",
-  "selector": "html[lang][xml\\:lang]",
+  "selector": "html[lang][xml\\:lang]:not(html *)",
   "matches": "xml-lang-mismatch-matches",
   "tags": [
     "cat.language",
diff --git a/lib/rules/landmark-one-main.json b/lib/rules/landmark-one-main.json
index feecb55332..34584d5b3d 100644
--- a/lib/rules/landmark-one-main.json
+++ b/lib/rules/landmark-one-main.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "landmark-one-main",
   "impact": "moderate",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "tags": ["cat.semantics", "best-practice"],
   "metadata": {
     "description": "Ensure the document has a main landmark",
diff --git a/lib/rules/page-has-heading-one.json b/lib/rules/page-has-heading-one.json
index 7cc81f75b1..9bd906c09a 100644
--- a/lib/rules/page-has-heading-one.json
+++ b/lib/rules/page-has-heading-one.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "page-has-heading-one",
   "impact": "moderate",
-  "selector": "html",
+  "selector": "html:not(html *)",
   "tags": ["cat.semantics", "best-practice"],
   "metadata": {
     "description": "Ensure that the page, or at least one of its frames contains a level-one heading",
diff --git a/test/integration/full/bypass/header1.html b/test/integration/full/bypass/header1.html
index ab3b9b91ab..cd71042803 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/bypass/header1.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/bypass/header1.html
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@
     <h2>This header will make the test pass.</h2>
     <a href="http://www.deque.com">stuff</a>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="pass-tests.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/bypass/pass-tests.js b/test/integration/full/bypass/pass-tests.js
index 7b56d6a4d9..eff2289cbc 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/bypass/pass-tests.js
+++ b/test/integration/full/bypass/pass-tests.js
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe('bypass aria header test ' + window.location.pathname, function () {
     });
 
     it('should find html', function () {
-      assert.deepEqual(results.passes[0].nodes[0].target, ['html']);
+      assert.isTrue(results.passes[0].nodes[0].target[0].startsWith('html'));
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/integration/full/css-orientation-lock/passes.html b/test/integration/full/css-orientation-lock/passes.html
index aa006af276..cde9f1d9a6 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/css-orientation-lock/passes.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/css-orientation-lock/passes.html
@@ -26,5 +26,12 @@
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="passes.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
   </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/document-title/document-title-pass.html b/test/integration/full/document-title/document-title-pass.html
index a18d8ded73..538019a679 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/document-title/document-title-pass.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/document-title/document-title-pass.html
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@
   <body>
     <iframe id="frame1" src="frames/level1.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="document-title-pass.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/frame-tested/frame-tested-pass.html b/test/integration/full/frame-tested/frame-tested-pass.html
index faea10eaaa..0574199d27 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/frame-tested/frame-tested-pass.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/frame-tested/frame-tested-pass.html
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@
   <body>
     <iframe id="pass" src="frames/with-axe.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="frame-tested-pass.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/html-has-lang/html-has-lang-pass.html b/test/integration/full/html-has-lang/html-has-lang-pass.html
index ef6ad8a5b0..73c02c2827 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/html-has-lang/html-has-lang-pass.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/html-has-lang/html-has-lang-pass.html
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@
 		-->
     <iframe id="frame1" src="frames/level1.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="html-has-lang-pass.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/html-lang-valid/html-lang-valid.html b/test/integration/full/html-lang-valid/html-lang-valid.html
index fd19053747..19a6e71908 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/html-lang-valid/html-lang-valid.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/html-lang-valid/html-lang-valid.html
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@
   <body>
     <iframe id="frame1" src="frames/level1.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="html-lang-valid.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/landmark-one-main/landmark-one-main-pass1.html b/test/integration/full/landmark-one-main/landmark-one-main-pass1.html
index 28662d483b..5416dc2761 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/landmark-one-main/landmark-one-main-pass1.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/landmark-one-main/landmark-one-main-pass1.html
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@
     <p>No main content</p>
     <iframe id="frame1" src="frames/level1.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="landmark-one-main-pass1.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>
diff --git a/test/integration/full/page-has-heading-one/page-has-heading-one-pass1.html b/test/integration/full/page-has-heading-one/page-has-heading-one-pass1.html
index 8ded48e7ad..aa51dbe768 100644
--- a/test/integration/full/page-has-heading-one/page-has-heading-one-pass1.html
+++ b/test/integration/full/page-has-heading-one/page-has-heading-one-pass1.html
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@
     <p>No h1 content</p>
     <iframe id="frame1" src="frames/level1.html"></iframe>
     <div id="mocha"></div>
+    <div id="additional"></div>
+    <script>
+      // only way to get a 2nd html element on the page is to create it with createElement
+      // if you try to do it through the html parser it won't work
+      var root = document.createElement('html');
+      document.getElementById('additional').append(root);
+    </script>
     <script src="/test/testutils.js"></script>
     <script src="page-has-heading-one-pass1.js"></script>
     <script src="/test/integration/adapter.js"></script>