diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml b/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml
index f351233ef460..72cb3d1f64d2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-upstream.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 1
 
   validate:
-    uses: docker/docs/.github/workflows/validate-upstream.yml@6b73b05acb21edf7995cc5b3c6672d8e314cee7a  # pin for artifact v4 support: https://github.com/docker/docs/pull/19220
+    uses: docker/docs/.github/workflows/validate-upstream.yml@main
     needs:
       - docs-yaml
     with:
diff --git a/bake/bake.go b/bake/bake.go
index c7979dcf2b5b..f365b65beb8a 100644
--- a/bake/bake.go
+++ b/bake/bake.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/session/auth/authprovider"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/tonistiigi/go-csvvalue"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
 	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
 )
@@ -900,7 +899,7 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 		case "tags":
 			t.Tags = o.ArrValue
 		case "cache-from":
-			cacheFrom, err := parseCacheArrValues(o.ArrValue)
+			cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -913,7 +912,7 @@ func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementCon
 				}
 			}
 		case "cache-to":
-			cacheTo, err := parseCacheArrValues(o.ArrValue)
+			cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -1585,37 +1584,3 @@ func parseArrValue[T any, PT arrValue[T]](s []string) ([]*T, error) {
 	}
 	return outputs, nil
 }
-
-func parseCacheArrValues(s []string) (buildflags.CacheOptions, error) {
-	var outs buildflags.CacheOptions
-	for _, in := range s {
-		if in == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if !strings.Contains(in, "=") {
-			// This is ref only format. Each field in the CSV is its own entry.
-			fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(in, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			for _, field := range fields {
-				out := buildflags.CacheOptionsEntry{}
-				if err := out.UnmarshalText([]byte(field)); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				outs = append(outs, &out)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Normal entry.
-		out := buildflags.CacheOptionsEntry{}
-		if err := out.UnmarshalText([]byte(in)); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		outs = append(outs, &out)
-	}
-	return outs, nil
-}
diff --git a/bake/bake_test.go b/bake/bake_test.go
index 15a3333d2a0d..f1f0a9f28a74 100644
--- a/bake/bake_test.go
+++ b/bake/bake_test.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
 	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/entitlements"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -1759,6 +1760,27 @@ func TestAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "bar", bo["app"].Exports[0].Attrs["annotation-manifest[linux/amd64].foo"])
 }
 
+func TestRefOnlyCacheOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	fp := File{
+		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
+		Data: []byte(
+			`target "app" {
+				output = ["type=image,name=foo"]
+        cache-from = ["ref1,ref2"]
+			}`),
+	}
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	m, _, err := ReadTargets(ctx, []File{fp}, []string{"app"}, nil, nil, &EntitlementConf{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, m, 1)
+	require.Contains(t, m, "app")
+	require.Equal(t, buildflags.CacheOptions{
+		{Type: "registry", Attrs: map[string]string{"ref": "ref1"}},
+		{Type: "registry", Attrs: map[string]string{"ref": "ref2"}},
+	}, m["app"].CacheFrom)
+}
+
 func TestHCLEntitlements(t *testing.T) {
 	fp := File{
 		Name: "docker-bake.hcl",
diff --git a/bake/compose.go b/bake/compose.go
index 58cfc80c953d..fba1f3de2836 100644
--- a/bake/compose.go
+++ b/bake/compose.go
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ func ParseCompose(cfgs []composetypes.ConfigFile, envs map[string]string) (*Conf
 				labels[k] = &v
 			}
 
-			cacheFrom, err := parseCacheArrValues(s.Build.CacheFrom)
+			cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(s.Build.CacheFrom)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			cacheTo, err := parseCacheArrValues(s.Build.CacheTo)
+			cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(s.Build.CacheTo)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -349,14 +349,14 @@ func (t *Target) composeExtTarget(exts map[string]interface{}) error {
 		t.Tags = dedupSlice(append(t.Tags, xb.Tags...))
 	}
 	if len(xb.CacheFrom) > 0 {
-		cacheFrom, err := parseCacheArrValues(xb.CacheFrom)
+		cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(xb.CacheFrom)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Merge(cacheFrom)
 	}
 	if len(xb.CacheTo) > 0 {
-		cacheTo, err := parseCacheArrValues(xb.CacheTo)
+		cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(xb.CacheTo)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/commands/build.go b/commands/build.go
index 264c13400b78..91a5786a4ac7 100644
--- a/commands/build.go
+++ b/commands/build.go
@@ -183,14 +183,17 @@ func (o *buildOptions) toControllerOptions() (*controllerapi.BuildOptions, error
 		}
 	}
 
-	opts.CacheFrom, err = buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheFrom)
+	cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheFrom)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	opts.CacheTo, err = buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheTo)
+	opts.CacheFrom = cacheFrom.ToPB()
+
+	cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.cacheTo)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	opts.CacheTo = cacheTo.ToPB()
 
 	opts.Secrets, err = buildflags.ParseSecretSpecs(o.secrets)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/docs/bake-reference.md b/docs/bake-reference.md
index 192dded4fe60..d8fd5ecc3015 100644
--- a/docs/bake-reference.md
+++ b/docs/bake-reference.md
@@ -221,8 +221,10 @@ The following table shows the complete list of attributes that you can assign to
 | [`attest`](#targetattest)                       | List    | Build attestations                                                   |
 | [`cache-from`](#targetcache-from)               | List    | External cache sources                                               |
 | [`cache-to`](#targetcache-to)                   | List    | External cache destinations                                          |
+| [`call`](#targetcall)                           | String  | Specify the frontend method to call for the target.                  |
 | [`context`](#targetcontext)                     | String  | Set of files located in the specified path or URL                    |
 | [`contexts`](#targetcontexts)                   | Map     | Additional build contexts                                            |
+| [`description`](#targetdescription)             | String  | Description of a target                                              |
 | [`dockerfile-inline`](#targetdockerfile-inline) | String  | Inline Dockerfile string                                             |
 | [`dockerfile`](#targetdockerfile)               | String  | Dockerfile location                                                  |
 | [`inherits`](#targetinherits)                   | List    | Inherit attributes from other targets                                |
@@ -371,6 +373,13 @@ target "app" {
 }
 ```
 
+Supported values are:
+
+- `build` builds the target (default)
+- `check`: evaluates [build checks](https://docs.docker.com/build/checks/) for the target
+- `outline`: displays the target's build arguments and their default values if available
+- `targets`: lists all Bake targets in the loaded definition, along with its [description](#targetdescription).
+
 For more information about frontend methods, refer to the CLI reference for
 [`docker buildx build --call`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#call).
 
@@ -481,6 +490,25 @@ FROM baseapp
 RUN echo "Hello world"
 ```
 
+### `target.description`
+
+Defines a human-readable description for the target, clarifying its purpose or
+functionality.
+
+```hcl
+target "lint" {
+    description = "Runs golangci-lint to detect style errors"
+    args = {
+        GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION = null
+    }
+    dockerfile = "lint.Dockerfile"
+}
+```
+
+This attribute is useful when combined with the `docker buildx bake --list=targets`
+option, providing a more informative output when listing the available build
+targets in a Bake file.
+
 ### `target.dockerfile-inline`
 
 Uses the string value as an inline Dockerfile for the build target.
diff --git a/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md b/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md
index a2b6ff0c2c14..be7deee44355 100644
--- a/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md
+++ b/docs/reference/buildx_bake.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Build from a file
 
 | Name                                | Type          | Default | Description                                                                                                  |
 |:------------------------------------|:--------------|:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `--allow`                           | `stringArray` |         | Allow build to access specified resources                                                                    |
+| [`--allow`](#allow)                 | `stringArray` |         | Allow build to access specified resources                                                                    |
 | [`--builder`](#builder)             | `string`      |         | Override the configured builder instance                                                                     |
 | [`--call`](#call)                   | `string`      | `build` | Set method for evaluating build (`check`, `outline`, `targets`)                                              |
 | [`--check`](#check)                 | `bool`        |         | Shorthand for `--call=check`                                                                                 |
@@ -51,6 +51,80 @@ guide for introduction to writing bake files.
 
 ## Examples
 
+### <a name="allow"></a> Allow extra privileged entitlement (--allow)
+
+```text
+--allow=ENTITLEMENT[=VALUE]
+```
+
+Entitlements are designed to provide controlled access to privileged
+operations. By default, Buildx and BuildKit operates with restricted
+permissions to protect users and their systems from unintended side effects or
+security risks. The `--allow` flag explicitly grants access to additional
+entitlements, making it clear when a build or bake operation requires elevated
+privileges.
+
+In addition to BuildKit's `network.host` and `security.insecure` entitlements
+(see [`docker buildx build --allow`](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#allow),
+Bake supports file system entitlements that grant granular control over file
+system access. These are particularly useful when working with builds that need
+access to files outside the default working directory.
+
+Bake supports the following filesystem entitlements:
+
+- `--allow fs=<path|*>` - Grant read and write access to files outside of the
+  working directory.
+- `--allow fs.read=<path|*>` - Grant read access to files outside of the
+  working directory.
+- `--allow fs.write=<path|*>` - Grant write access to files outside of the
+  working directory.
+
+The `fs` entitlements take a path value (relative or absolute) to a directory
+on the filesystem. Alternatively, you can pass a wildcard (`*`) to allow Bake
+to access the entire filesystem.
+
+### Example: fs.read
+
+Given the following Bake configuration, Bake would need to access the parent
+directory, relative to the Bake file.
+
+```hcl
+target "app" {
+  context = "../src"
+}
+```
+
+Assuming `docker buildx bake app` is executed in the same directory as the
+`docker-bake.hcl` file, you would need to explicitly allow Bake to read from
+the `../src` directory. In this case, the following invocations all work:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.read=* app
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.read=../src app
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs=* app
+```
+
+### Example: fs.write
+
+The following `docker-bake.hcl` file requires write access to the `/tmp`
+directory.
+
+```hcl
+target "app" {
+  output = "/tmp"
+}
+```
+
+Assuming `docker buildx bake app` is executed outside of the `/tmp` directory,
+you would need to allow the `fs.write` entitlement, either by specifying the
+path or using a wildcard:
+
+```console
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs=/tmp app
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.write=/tmp app
+$ docker buildx bake --allow fs.write=* app
+```
+
 ### <a name="builder"></a> Override the configured builder instance (--builder)
 
 Same as [`buildx --builder`](buildx.md#builder).
diff --git a/util/buildflags/cache.go b/util/buildflags/cache.go
index db982e786c59..9cd5afb03d91 100644
--- a/util/buildflags/cache.go
+++ b/util/buildflags/cache.go
@@ -167,20 +167,37 @@ func (e *CacheOptionsEntry) validate(gv interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func ParseCacheEntry(in []string) ([]*controllerapi.CacheOptionsEntry, error) {
+func ParseCacheEntry(in []string) (CacheOptions, error) {
 	if len(in) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
 	opts := make(CacheOptions, 0, len(in))
 	for _, in := range in {
+		if !strings.Contains(in, "=") {
+			// This is ref only format. Each field in the CSV is its own entry.
+			fields, err := csvvalue.Fields(in, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			for _, field := range fields {
+				opt := CacheOptionsEntry{}
+				if err := opt.UnmarshalText([]byte(field)); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				opts = append(opts, &opt)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
 		var out CacheOptionsEntry
 		if err := out.UnmarshalText([]byte(in)); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		opts = append(opts, &out)
 	}
-	return opts.ToPB(), nil
+	return opts, nil
 }
 
 func addGithubToken(ci *controllerapi.CacheOptionsEntry) {
diff --git a/util/buildflags/cache_cty.go b/util/buildflags/cache_cty.go
index abfcd008a6a4..05e2e6bcccc3 100644
--- a/util/buildflags/cache_cty.go
+++ b/util/buildflags/cache_cty.go
@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ func (o *CacheOptions) fromCtyValue(in cty.Value, p cty.Path) error {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// Special handling for a string type to handle ref only format.
+		if value.Type() == cty.String {
+			entries, err := ParseCacheEntry([]string{value.AsString()})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			*o = append(*o, entries...)
+			continue
+		}
+
 		entry := &CacheOptionsEntry{}
 		if err := entry.FromCtyValue(value, p); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -52,13 +62,6 @@ func (o CacheOptions) ToCtyValue() cty.Value {
 }
 
 func (o *CacheOptionsEntry) FromCtyValue(in cty.Value, p cty.Path) error {
-	if in.Type() == cty.String {
-		if err := o.UnmarshalText([]byte(in.AsString())); err != nil {
-			return p.NewError(err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	conv, err := convert.Convert(in, cty.Map(cty.String))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/util/buildflags/cache_test.go b/util/buildflags/cache_test.go
index c4368c0d470c..02d2f8ba431e 100644
--- a/util/buildflags/cache_test.go
+++ b/util/buildflags/cache_test.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func TestCacheOptions_DerivedVars(t *testing.T) {
 				"session_token":     "not_a_mitm_attack",
 			},
 		},
-	}, cacheFrom)
+	}, cacheFrom.ToPB())
 }
 
 func TestCacheOptions(t *testing.T) {
@@ -109,3 +109,12 @@ func TestCacheOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		require.True(t, result.True())
 	})
 }
+
+func TestCacheOptions_RefOnlyFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	opts, err := ParseCacheEntry([]string{"ref1", "ref2"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, CacheOptions{
+		{Type: "registry", Attrs: map[string]string{"ref": "ref1"}},
+		{Type: "registry", Attrs: map[string]string{"ref": "ref2"}},
+	}, opts)
+}