diff --git a/build/provenance.go b/build/provenance.go
index b1510905156f..4a85e17c72e2 100644
--- a/build/provenance.go
+++ b/build/provenance.go
@@ -60,29 +60,7 @@ func fetchProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, ref string, mode con
 		if ev.Record == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-		if ev.Record.Result != nil {
-			desc, predicateType := lookupProvenance(ev.Record.Result)
-			if desc == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			eg.Go(func() error {
-				dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, *desc)
-				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to load provenance blob from build record")
-				}
-				prv, err := encodeProvenance(dt, predicateType, mode)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				mu.Lock()
-				if out == nil {
-					out = make(map[string]string)
-				}
-				out["buildx.build.provenance"] = prv
-				mu.Unlock()
-				return nil
-			})
-		} else if ev.Record.Results != nil {
+		if len(ev.Record.Results) > 0 {
 			for platform, res := range ev.Record.Results {
 				desc, predicateType := lookupProvenance(res)
 				if desc == nil {
@@ -106,6 +84,28 @@ func fetchProvenance(ctx context.Context, c *client.Client, ref string, mode con
 					return nil
 				})
 			}
+		} else if ev.Record.Result != nil {
+			desc, predicateType := lookupProvenance(ev.Record.Result)
+			if desc == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			eg.Go(func() error {
+				dt, err := content.ReadBlob(ctx, store, *desc)
+				if err != nil {
+					return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to load provenance blob from build record")
+				}
+				prv, err := encodeProvenance(dt, predicateType, mode)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				mu.Lock()
+				if out == nil {
+					out = make(map[string]string)
+				}
+				out["buildx.build.provenance"] = prv
+				mu.Unlock()
+				return nil
+			})
 		}
 	}
 	return out, eg.Wait()
diff --git a/tests/build.go b/tests/build.go
index 07b12d599bc3..5ab41f5abbdb 100644
--- a/tests/build.go
+++ b/tests/build.go
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ var buildTests = []func(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox){
 	testBuildShmSize,
 	testBuildUlimit,
 	testBuildMetadataProvenance,
+	testBuildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform,
 	testBuildMetadataWarnings,
 	testBuildMultiExporters,
 	testBuildLoadPush,
@@ -967,6 +968,101 @@ func buildMetadataProvenance(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox, metadataMode
 	require.Equal(t, provenancetypes.BuildKitBuildType02, prv.BuildType)
 }
 
+func testBuildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	t.Run("default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t, sb, "")
+	})
+	t.Run("max", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t, sb, "max")
+	})
+	t.Run("min", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t, sb, "min")
+	})
+	t.Run("disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		buildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t, sb, "disabled")
+	})
+}
+
+func buildMetadataProvenanceMultiplatform(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox, metadataMode string) {
+	if isMobyWorker(sb) {
+		t.Skip("multi-platform build is not supported")
+	}
+
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+	FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM busybox:latest AS base
+	COPY foo /etc/foo
+	RUN cp /etc/foo /etc/bar
+
+	FROM scratch
+	COPY --from=base /etc/bar /bar
+	`)
+	dir := tmpdir(
+		t,
+		fstest.CreateFile("Dockerfile", dockerfile, 0600),
+		fstest.CreateFile("foo", []byte("foo"), 0600),
+	)
+
+	registry, err := sb.NewRegistry()
+	if errors.Is(err, integration.ErrRequirements) {
+		t.Skip(err.Error())
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	target := registry + "/buildx/registry:latest"
+
+	cmd := buildxCmd(sb,
+		withArgs("build",
+			"--platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64",
+			"--metadata-file", filepath.Join(dir, "md.json"),
+			fmt.Sprintf("--output=type=image,name=%s,push=true", target),
+			dir,
+		),
+		withEnv("BUILDX_METADATA_PROVENANCE="+metadataMode),
+	)
+
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, string(out))
+
+	desc, provider, err := contentutil.ProviderFromRef(target)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	imgs, err := testutil.ReadImages(sb.Context(), provider, desc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	img := imgs.Find("linux/amd64")
+	require.NotNil(t, img)
+	img = imgs.Find("linux/arm64")
+	require.NotNil(t, img)
+
+	dt, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "md.json"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	type mdT struct {
+		BuildRef             string         `json:"buildx.build.ref"`
+		BuildProvenanceAmd64 map[string]any `json:"buildx.build.provenance/linux/amd64"`
+		BuildProvenanceArm64 map[string]any `json:"buildx.build.provenance/linux/arm64"`
+	}
+	var md mdT
+	err = json.Unmarshal(dt, &md)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, md.BuildRef)
+	if metadataMode == "disabled" {
+		require.Empty(t, md.BuildProvenanceAmd64)
+		require.Empty(t, md.BuildProvenanceArm64)
+		return
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, md.BuildProvenanceAmd64)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, md.BuildProvenanceArm64)
+
+	for _, prov := range []map[string]any{md.BuildProvenanceAmd64, md.BuildProvenanceArm64} {
+		dtprv, err := json.Marshal(prov)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var prv provenancetypes.ProvenancePredicateSLSA02
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(dtprv, &prv))
+		require.Equal(t, provenancetypes.BuildKitBuildType02, prv.BuildType)
+	}
+}
+
 func testBuildMetadataWarnings(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
 	t.Run("default", func(t *testing.T) {
 		buildMetadataWarnings(t, sb, "")